• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2007

The Ministry of Environment plans to introduce the Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) system in Korea. The WET test is well established in developed countries with recognizing of the limitations of physicochemical analysis method and potential risk of chemicals in water medium. Therefore, it is essential to build the ecotoxicity infrastructure for the induction of WET test. In this study, we extensively collected the domestic and foreign toxicity test methods which employ native test species to Korea. And we suggested that the domestic ecotoxicity test methods with domestic test species in Korea through extracting the range of test conditions. Five domestic fish species selected were Carassiu auratus (Crucian carp), Cyprinus carpio(Common carp), Gasterosteus aculeatus (Three spine stickleback), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental weather fish) and Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka), The toxicity test methods with native test species to Korea were collected from the standard methods (OECD, U.S. EPA, ASTM), government reports, SCI papers and domestic papers. We collected the 32 test methods, and suggested the suitable aquatic toxicity test methods for fish. It is expected that this study could prove a useful information to establish the ecotoxicity test methods with domestic aquatic organisms in Korea henceforth.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2009

The biological effects of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b] fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), and indeno[1,2,3-c, d]pyrene (InP) on transcriptomic changes were determined in the liver of Oryzias latipes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by binary exposure to cPAHs (BaP+BaA, BaP+BbF, BaP+BkF, BaP+DbA, BaP+InP) were screened by annealing control primers-based polymerase chain reaction followed by sequence analysis and BLAST searching. The results showed that four DEGs were commonly expressed by cPAHs and they were identified as ribosomal protein S4, coagulation factor II, elongation factor 1 beta, and a predicted protein similar to human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 3. This finding suggests that binary exposure to cPAHs interferes protein synthesis required for fundamental liver functions in fish.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

The solubility in water of granular pesticides is not equal because the difference of methods of producing a granular pesticide. This study was conducted to investigate fish acute toxicity of butachlor 5% GR, fipronil 0.4% GR by impregnation and carbosulfan 3% GR, diazinon 0.4% GR by coating, using carp (C. carpio), medaka (O. tatipes) and loach (M. anguillicaudatus). The test solution of each pesticide was prepared by direct addition of granular pesticide and add after grinding granular pesticide to powder in test water, We also investigated $LC_{50}$ and residual concentration until 96 hours. Test results were appeared that the treatment of powder was 1.2~4 time higher than granular and toxicity increased clearly according to elapsed time, And the residual amounts by time were detected much at early time in the powder treatment of butachlor GR and diazinon GR. Conclusively, fish acute toxicity and residual concentration in test solution appeared higher in the powder treatment than treat granular form directly in water. Also, 96 hours toxicity values were stable comparatively and the error is less than 48 hours.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.321-332
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 다이아지논(Diazinon; O, O-diethyl O-[6-methyl-2 (1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothioate)에 노출된 모델 생물체(송사리)의 행동변화와 관련된 분자생물학적 기전 규명을 통하여 비정상적 행동의 모니터링을 위한 생물지표(biomarker)를 개발하는데 있다. 이를 위해 우선 suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) 및 DNA microarray 기법을 활용하여 다양한 유전자를 스크리닝하였다. 다이아지논에 노출시킨 송사리에서 발현의 차이가 나는 상향 조절된 유전자 97개 (알려지지 않은 유전자 27개 포함)와 하향 조절된 유전자 99개 (알려지지 않은 유전자 60개 포함)를 동정 하였고 이들 중 이상행동과 관련되는 것으로 보이는 유전자 10개 (상향조절 5개, 하향조절 5개)를 선발하였다. 이들 중에서 primer 제작이 잘된 beta-1, Orla C3-1, parvalbumin 및 apolipoprotein E을 선발하여 그 유전자 발현을 real-time PCR 기법을 사용하여 정량적으로 모니터링 하였다. Orla C3-1, parvalbumin 및 apolipoprotein E는 고농도의 다이아지논 처리(1000 ppb; 24 h)에서 그 발현이 억제됨이 관찰되었다. 다이아지논 처리 시 신경질환 (알츠하이머 병 및 다운신드롬)에 관련된 apolipoprotein E와 근육세포의 유연화에 작용하는 parvalbumin 등의 발현억제는 송사리의 인지능력 교란 및 근육세포의 경직 등을 각각 유도하여 송사리의 비정상적 행동을 야기하는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 이들 생물지표는 신경독성물질에 의한 송사리 및 기타 어류의 이상행동의 변화의 감지에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.116-123
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• 2006

생물체의 cDNA를 유리기판위에 고밀도로 첨착 시킨 유전자 칩과 정량적인 방법으로 개별 유전자 발현을 진단 가능한 Real- time PCR (실시간 고분자중합연쇄반응 기술) 기법은 첨단 의학분야와 신약개발 및 독성유전체 연구분야에 활발히 도입되고 있는 기술이다. 본 발표의 첫 번째 부분에서는 유전자칩 에서 얻어진 유전자 발현패턴분석에 기반한 바이오마커 선정 및 real time PCR에 의한 확증 관련 기술 과 유전자칩에서 얻어지는 수많은 데이터를 재정렬 및 다양한 분석기법과 display기술을 활용하여 광범위한 화학물질에 대한 독성효과 분석을 가능하게 해주며, 특정 독성물질에 대한 관련유전자 그룹 발견 및 독성영향에 따른 분류방법에 관한 결과를 발표할 것이다. 또한 바이오마커 활용의 하나로 박테리아세포 기반 바이오센서 제작및 세포칩 개발등에 대한 결과도 추가될 것이다. 두 번째 부분에서는 non-model organism(유전체정보가 확보되지 않은 생물체)인 송사리를 이용하여 새로운 2K 유전자칩을 개발하고, 여기서 각종 화학물질에 대하여 얻어진 수많은 유전자칩 분석 데이타를 활용하여 각각의 화학물질이 보여주는 독성효과를 매우 효과적이고 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 display기술을 개발, 적용함으로써 유전자칩 발현에 기반한 화학물질 독성 screening 및 specificity discrimination을 가능케 하는 예가 발표될 것이다. 이 연구에서 개발한 송사리 유전자칩은 간조직의 RNA를 직접 cDNA화 하는 방식을 취하고 있어 전체 송사리의 유전정보를 필요로 하지 않아 비용 및 효율에서 전체 송사리의 유전정보를 얻는 비용과 노력을 취하지 않고 간에서 발생하는 독성학적 영향 및 유전자의 발현정도를 정밀하고 효율적인 방법으로 얻어 낸다. 현재 2000여개의 cDNA유전자중 50%이상의 유전자가 17베타에스트라디올, 페놀, 노닐페놀, 비스페놀, 감마레이조사, 잔류약품중 이보프란, 다이클로펜악, 농약중의 파라???R, 돌연변이 유발물질 중의 이티비알, 금속류중의 카드뮴을 통해 발현양상과 특정 캐미칼별 발현 특이성이 조사되었고, 이들 유전자는 염기서열 분석을 통해 염기서열이 분석되었으며, 미국 NCBI의 유전자 은행과의 비교를 통해 일부유전자는 새로운 유전자로 밝혀지고 있다. 또한 이 발표에서는 소염진통제계열 의약품인 dichlofenac 이 송사리의 각종 조직에 미치는 독성영향을 Real-time PCR을 이용하여 대표적 스트레스 유전자의 발현에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석 예가 발표될 것이다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2011

Bisphenol A (BPA) is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, which is a known endocrine disruptor and acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, estrogenic effect of BPA was investigated on hybrid between Oryzias dancena and O. javanicus (ODJ). ODJ were exposed to BPA of various concentrations (eg. 2.5 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L) for 56 days. The growth rate, abnormality and the ratio of female and male were observed in test group and control group. As a result, the growth was $14.7{\pm}2.0$ mm in total length (TL) in 2.5 mg/L, $13.7{\pm}2.5$ mm in 5.0 mg/L, $12.8{\pm}2.5$ mm in 10.0 mg/L in test group while it was $18.0{\pm}1.2$ mm in TL in control group which was not treated with bisphenol A. The result showed that the growth decreased as the concentration of BPA increased. The abnormality rate was 13.6% in control group, 65.4% in 2.5 mg/L, 81.3% in 5.0 mg/L and 98.1 % in 10.0 mg/L which showed increase in abnormality as an increase of BPA concentration. As a result of analyzing ratio of sex in the test group and control group, 6.0% was examined to be interspecific in controls, 76.9% in 2.5 mg/L and 100.0% in 5.0 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L. In conclusion, these results suggest that BPA has estrogenic effect on ODJ.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2014

To assess the adverse effects of suspended solids on fishes, the hatching rate of embryo, and survival and growth of larvae were measured with common fish species of river such as crusian carp (Carassius auratus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes). Bioassay on hatching rate of embryo was conducted with a range of turbidity as 10 levels from 0.2 to 8,080 NTU. Another bioassay on 4-day larval survival and 21-day larval growth were also conducted with a range of turbidity as 8 levels from 0.1 to 8,260 NTU, and 6 levels from 0.7 to 2,030 NTU, respectively. The hatching rate of C. auratus was not significantly different from that of control at turbidity below 4,040 NTU, whereas it decreased when turbidity was 8,080 NTU (p<0.05). The hatching rate of C. carpio was not affected by concentration of suspended solids. For O. latipes, the hatching rate significantly decreased from 254 NTU (p<0.001) and it was zero when turbidity was 8,080 NTU. The 4-day survival of larvae of all 3 species was not affected by turbidity, while the larval growth of all 3 species was significantly affected. The turbidity effect on the growth of C. auratus and C. carpio was observed from 7 days after the exposure at turbidity level of 145, 143 NTU, respectively. The turbidity effect on the growth of O. latipes was observed from 14 days after the exposure at turbidity level of 254 NTU. The results of this study will provide the basic information for the derivation of water quality criteria on suspended solids for the protection of aquatic ecosystem and the quantitative ecological risk assessment of freshwater environment.