• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.414-427
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• 2012

Carcass characteristics and meat quality traits as a function of endpoint months of slaughter age (26 vs 32 mon) and chiller ageing (1 vs 10 d) were evaluated for m. longissmus of 26 Hanwoo steers fed with commercial diets including whole crop barley silage. Totally twenty six Hanwoo steers for 6 mon of age that were fed until 26 mon of age constituted the short term-fed group and fed until 32 mon of age constituted long-term fed group. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h and were graded. Strip loin samples were divided into two age groups (1 d and 10 d). Long-term feeding increased carcass weight, rib-eye area, yield grade, marbling score, firmness and quality grade of the meat. The feeding for 32 mon produced tender, juicy meat (p<0.01) with lower cooking loss and higher rating score (p<0.05) than short term feeding, while other quality traits were not influenced by the length of feeding. Intramuscular fat content and oxidative stability (TBARS value) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in beef from long-term feeding however the length of feeding did not alter the fatty acid composition. Chiller aging reduced instrumental tenderness (WBSF value), improved color, sensory tenderness, acceptability and rating of beef. The results of the present study mirrors that Hanwoo steers until 32 mon of age overall improved carcass traits and palatability compared to that for 26 mon. However, from the viewpoints of economical and environmental aspects, cost of the additional feeding for 6 mon for value-adding of eating quality was relatively high and the effects in turn were limited.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2009

본 연구결과는 출하돈의 도체품질 향상과 품질인증 프로그램 구축을 위한 자료로 활용하기 위하여 2년 동안 53개 농장에서 출하된 248,787두에 대한 도체평가 결과를 모돈수에 의한 경영규모, 육성비육돈 단계의 사육밀도, 수송시간, 출하시점, 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 및 비육돈사 형태에 따라 도체등급과 PSE 발생율, 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과이며 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 양돈장 경영규모는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 경영규모가 커질수록 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 출현율은 경영규모에 따른 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 양돈장 경영규모에 따라 일정한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 육성비육돈사 사육밀도는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 중간 밀도에서 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 발생율은 낮은 밀도에서 오히려 높게 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 중간 밀도에서 우수하게 나타났으나 피하지방 점수는 사육밀도에 의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 출하돈의 수송시간에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으며, PSE 발생율 역시 수송시간에 의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 수송시간은 도체 육질점수에 영향을 미치며, 1시간을 초과한 수송이 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 출하시점은 출하후 계류를 통한 도축전 휴식과 관련되는데, 출하시점은 도체등급과 PSE 발생율에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 오전 10시 이전 출하가 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 피하지방 점수는 차이가 없었다. 5. 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 차이에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, PSE 발생율은 후기사료 21% 이상 급여가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 후기사료를 21% 이상 급여한 경우가 우수하게 나타났으며, 피하지방 점수는 후기사료를 20% 이내 급여가 우수하였으나, 육탄력성 점수는 비육후기사료 급여비율에 의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 6. 비육돈사 형태에 따른 도체등급의 차이는 무창돈사가 우수하게 나타났으나, PSE 발생율 또한 무창돈사가 높았다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 비육돈사 형태에 의한 차이는 없었으나, 피하지방 점수와 육탄력성 점수는 개방돈사가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 양돈장 관리시스템 및 도축전 취급이 출하돈의 도체등급과 육질점수에 영향을 미치는 구체적인 내용들을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 양돈장 관리시스템과 관련된 각종 환경요인과 관리요인 및 도축전 취급과 관련된 인자들에 대한 세심한 관리를 통하여 스트레스 최소화와 동물복지 향상으로 도체품질 개선과 소비자를 위한 품질인증 시스템을 구축하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2009

본 연구는 항생제 사용 유무가 계육 품질 등급에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 전체 340육계농가(항생제사용 농가 305개소와 무항생제 농가35개소)를 대상으로 전체 10,420,792수 중 1농가 당 100수씩을 무작위로 선별하여 총 34,000수에 대한 등급 판정 결과를 활용하였다. 연구 결과 항생제 사용 유무에 따른 육계의 일당 증체량은 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 품질 A 등급 출현율은 항생제 사용 농가에서 출하된 계육(78.87%)이 무항생제 농가(73.46%)에 비해 높게 나타남이 확인되었다(P<0.05). 이러한 결과를 보인 이유는 품질 A 등급을 받기 위해 판정되는 경제적 및 비경제적 도체 결함의 발생 빈도가 무항생제 농가에서 출하된 계육이 항생제 사용농가에 비해 높게 나타났기 때문이며, 특히 도체 결함과 품질 A 등급과의 상관관계 분석에서 가장 높은 부(-)의 상관관계를 보인 외관 결함의 발생이 무항생제 농가에서 출하된 계육에서 항생제 사용 농가에 비하여 약 1.8배 높음이 확인 되었다. 본 연구결과 무항생제 농가는 항생제 사용 농가에 비해 높은 품질 등급의 계육 생산이 더 어려운 것으로 사료되며, 무항생제 계육 생산의 확대를 위해서는 국가적 차원에서 사양기술 수준의 향상, 천연 항생제 대체 물질의 개발과 함께 가격 차등에 따른 적절한 경제적 보상도 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.905-910
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine the influence of pig breed and gender on the ultimate pH and physicochemical properties of pork. The correlations between pH and pork quality traits directly related to carcass grade, and consumer's preference were also evaluated. The pH and meat grading scores for cold carcasses of 215 purebred pigs (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) from four different farms were obtained. Meat quality parameters of the pork loin were analyzed. Duroc and female animals were more affected compared to other breeds and male pigs. Duroc animals had the highest ultimate pH, carcass back fat thickness, marbling scores, yellowness, and fat content (p<0.05). Landrace pigs had the highest color lightness and cooking loss values (p<0.05). Among all trait parameters, marbling scores showed the highest significant differences when evaluating the impact of breed and gender on meat quality characteristics (p<0.001). Ultimate pH was positively correlated with carcass weight (0.20), back fat thickness (0.19), marbling score (0.17), and color score (0.16) while negatively correlated with cooking loss (-0.24) and shear force (-0.20). Therefore, pork samples with lower ultimate pH had lower cooking loss, higher lightness, and higher shear force values irrespective of breed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.437-441
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• 2019

Objective: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a calcium-dependent serum enzyme, has been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism. In this study, we examined the putative correlation of the serum PON1 level of Hanwoo, Korean native cattle, with gender and meat quality grade. Methods: PON1 levels were estimated by determining the arylesterase and paraoxonase activities (AE and PO, respectively) in serum samples from Hanwoo individuals (n = 56). Serum PON1 levels were analyzed in different gender groups (female [n = 21], castrated male [n = 17], and male [n = 18]), and meat quality grades (${\geq}1$ [n = 23], 2 [n = 21], and 3 [n = 12]). Results: Serum PON1 levels were similar in female ($AE=120{\pm}55U/mL$, $PO=84{\pm}43mU/mL$) and castrated male ($123{\pm}44U/mL$, $PO=89{\pm}30mU/mL$), while male showed a significantly lower level ($AE=65{\pm}43U/mL$, $PO=44{\pm}34mU/mL$). Furthermore, analysis of serum PON1 levels in three different grades of meat quality showed similar levels in the grades ${\geq}1$ ($AE=118{\pm}49U/mL$, $PO=84{\pm}37mU/mL$) and 2 ($AE=116{\pm}54U/mL$, $PO=82{\pm}43mU/mL$), while the level was significantly lower in the grade 3 ($AE=58{\pm}35U/mL$, $PO=39{\pm}27mU/mL$) of lower meat quality. Conclusion: We discovered the gender-dependent differences in serum PON1 levels of Hanwoo and a positive association of the serum PON1 level with meat quality. Results in this study suggest that PON1 would be a useful serum marker for preliminary screening of Hanwoo individuals with high-quality meat and applicable for genetic improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.838-843
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to examine growth performance and meat quality by three different feeding patterns in Korean native cattle (KNC). In each of 3 years, fifteen KNC were randomly assigned in a (3 feeding management)${\times}$(3 sex) factorial design experiment; thus, in total, there were 5 animals in each of the 9 treatments. The three feeding management treatments were longterm (24 month) restriction feeding (LTFR), long-term restriction feeding-hormone implant (LTFR-tH), and short-term (18 month) nonrestriction feeding (STFNR). Three sexes were bull, steer, and heifer. Concentrate diet was fed restriction-feeding method based on body weight in LTFR and LTFR-tH. However, the diet was fed ad libitum in STFNR. Hormonal implantation was made three times with M-$PO^{TM}$ for bulls and with F-$TO^{TM}$ for heifers at 18, 20, 22 month of age in LTFR-tH. Animal were purchased from the local cattle market and managed in two local farms and at the university research unit. Animals were slaughtered at 24 months for long-term trial and at 18 month for short-term trial. The growth rate was the highest in bulls and the lowest in heifers. However, the differences were diminished in F-$TO^{TM}$ implanted heifers. The average daily gain was high in STFNR due to ad libitum feeding. The carcass grade was similar among the treatments on percentage bases. Hormonal implants improved significantly the meat quality grade in all sexes. Castration increased body fat content and improved meat quality grade by intramuscular fat deposition. In conclusion, long-term feeding and hormone treatment increased meat quality grade more than short-term feeding. However, ADG was higher in the short-term trial although feedefficiency was lower.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth performance, feed intake, slaughter characteristics, meat quantity and quality characteristics of Hanwoo steers fed with Italian ryegrass (IRG) silage (TRT). IRG silage consisted 11.70% protein, 2.84% ether extract, 53.50% dry matter digestibility and 63.34% total digestible nutrients. The daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of TRT were significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of control diet (CON; fed rice straw) in the whole periods. However, the slaughter weight, dressing percentage, quantity grade and quantity traits (marbling score, meat color, fat color, and quality grade) of either TRT or CON were similar. Meat fed TRT diet showed higher crude fat and lightness (L*) value and lower moisture content and pH value compared with the CON diet (p<0.05). Overall the carcass yield was 12.5% higher than CON diet.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2021

This study investigated the dietary effect of total mixed ration (TMR) based on high roughage content on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 195.3±4.7 kg; age, 8.5 mon) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to forage and concentrate ratio (DM basis): 25:75 (control), 50:50 (T50), and 70:30 (T70). Productivity in the fattening period and final body weight were significantly higher in the control. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were the same among treatments. Serum parameters, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and total protein were higher in the control. Carcass weight was comparable in the control and T50 but feeding more roughage was significantly correlated with a higher intramuscular fat. Shear strength and drip loss were higher while n-6/n-3 was lower in T70 compared to the other groups. However, meat color was not significantly different among treatments. In terms of free amino acid contents, glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the control than T50 and T70. Overall, feeding Hanwoo steers with high forage content TMR had the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acid content but highest intramuscular fat, shear strength, and drip loss. High forage content TMR is the best feed for Hanwoo steers that gives more benefits for human health and consumption but also provides the best meat grade and quality, which is important in the beef market in Korea.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2009

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the relationship of slaughter age and carcass traits of Hanwoo cattle. A total number of 11,284 heads of cattle (4,624 bulls, 6,120 steers, and 540 females) were used in the experiment (Exp.) 1. In the Exp. 2, 3,887 heads of steers slaughtered at age of 24-36 mon were used. After 24 h post-slaughter chilling, the carcasses were weighed and evaluated by an official grader of carcass traits according to the Korean carcass grading standard. Backfat thickness was the main variable in yield index and grade whereas marbling score was the main variable in carcass quality grade. Meat color was an important factor affecting carcass quality grade of bulls; fat color was an important factor affecting those of steers and females; and maturity was an important factor affecting that of females. After 24-mon-old, extension of slaughter age did not automatically increase the quantity and quality of meat. However, 29 mon of age can be regarded as the optimum time to slaughter steers to attain the highest take home money for farmers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1656-1665
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of stress during slaughter of beef cattle on physiological parameters, carcass, and meat quality at a Federal Inspection Type slaughterhouse located in the southeast of Mexico. Methods: A total of 448 carcasses of male Zebu×European steers with an average age of 36 months were included. Carcass assessment of presence of bruises and bruise characteristics was carried out on each half-carcass. Blood variable indicators of stress (packed cell volume, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, glucose, cortisol concentration) and meat quality parameters (pH, color, shear force, drip loss) were evaluated. Results: Of the 448 carcasses evaluated, 81% of the carcasses showed at least one bruise; one bruise was detected in 36.6% and two bruises in 27.0% of animals. Of the 775 bruises found, 69.2% of the bruises were grade 1 in region 3. Of the 448 carcasses studied, 69.6% showed hyperglycemia (6.91 mmol/L); 44.3% and 22.7% showed high (74.7 ng/mL) and extremely high (108.8 ng/mL) cortisol levels, respectively, indicative of inadequate handling of animals during preslaughter and slaughter. Of the carcasses evaluated, 90.4% had a pH ≥5.8 with an average of pH 6.3. In both pH groups, meat samples showed L^⋆ values >37.0 (81.6%) and a shear force >54.3 N; meat pH≥5.8 group showed a drip loss of 2.5%. These findings were indicative of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. According to principal component analysis, grades 1 and 2 bruises in region 3 and grade 1 bruises in region 5 were highly associated with cortisol, drip loss, and color parameters b^⋆ and h^⋆ and were negatively associated with L^⋆, a^⋆, and C^⋆. Conclusion: The bruises probably caused by stress-inducing situations triggered DFD meat. Appropriate changes in handling routines in operating conditions should be made to minimize stress to animals during the slaughter process to improve animal welfare and meat quality.