• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.125-143
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• 1989

To analyze daily meal of royal meal, studied Soora Sang were on record Wonheng Ulmyo Jungri Euigwae(1795). Historic book 'Jungri Euigwae' described the king's visit to his father's royal tomb 'Hyun Neung Won', during the domain of Cheung Jo, the 22nd King of Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. A dining table was round table with feet as black lacquer. Vessels were brazen vessel, silverware and earthenware. Kinds of dishes indicated as the number of vessels (sets). Food was arranged in two kinds of table, the first one called the main table, the second the side table. The number of sets to be arranged on the table were different according to the royal status of the eater. 15 sets for king's mother, 7 sets for the king and his elder sister, the latter sets being arranged on a single table. Soy and bean paste were ruled out from kind of sets. Kinds of dishes served with a meal generally were cooked rice (飯), soup (羹), heavy soup (助致), jerked meat (佐飯), meat fish and others broiled with seasoning (灸伊), salted fish shrimp and etc, cooked potherbs and potherbs (菜), pickled vegetables (沈菜, 淡沈菜) soy and bean paste (醬). The meat and fish and vegetable in the composition of a menu were well arranged.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1993

TAAA(true amino acid availability)방법에 의해 단백질공급원들의 진정아미노산 이용율과 대사에너지가를 측정하기 위하여 시험원료당 수탉 3수씩을 공시하여 35시간 절식후 30g의 시험원료를 강제급이 한 다음 36시간 동안 분요를 채취하였다. 진정아미노산 이용율은 단백질원료간에 유의한 차이(P<0.01)가 있었는데 어분(96.1%)이 가장 높았고, 다음이 옥수수글루텐(91.2%), 채종박(88.8%), 대두박(88.7%), 육골분(87.2%), 캐놀라박(86.1%), 면실박(82.6%) 그리고 우모분(82.5%) 순이었다. TAAA방법에 의한 가용 Iysine 값은 chick bioassay(CBA)나 화학적 방법중 FDNB방법에 의해 얻어진 가용 Iysine 값과 고도(P<0.01)의 상관관계가 있었다. 진정대사에너지가는 옥수수글루텐(4,011 kcal/kg)이 가장 높았고 다음이 어분(3,906), 우모분(3,098), 대두박(3,007), 육골분(2,631), 캐놀라(2,326), 면실박(2,246) 그리고 채종박(2,120) 순이었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2008

본 연구는 잣 부산물의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 혈청 콜레스테롤, 도체특성 및 육의 지방산과 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 사양시험은 2일령 Arbor Acre Broiler(♂) 480수를 공시하였으며, 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) CS(미루나무톱밥 1%), 2) PCM0.5(잣 부산물 0.5%+미루나무톱밥 0.5%) 및 3) PCM1.0(잣 부산물 1%)로 3개 처리를 하여 처리당 8반복, 반복당 20수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 전체 시험 기간 동안 생산성은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며(P>0.05), 또한, 혈청 콜레스테롤 및 도체비율도 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 다리살과 가슴살의 TBARS는 PCM1.0처리구가 CS처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 다리살의 arachidate는 PCM0.5 처리구가 PCM1.0 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, linolenate는 PCM1.0 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 다리살, 가슴살 및 복강지방의 콜레스테롤 함량은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 결론적으로 본 시험의 결과 육계에 잣 부산물의 급여는 TBARS에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1992

To analyze daily reception dishes of Choson Dynasty, studied historic book 'Youngjeob Dogam Zabmulsek Euigwae'(1609, 1643 year) described the daily reception dishes for Chinese envoy in Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1. The daily meal consisted of a table for rice gruel(早飯), daily meal(3時飯) and fruit table(茶啖). 2. A table for rice gruel, taken before breakfast was arranged rice gruel(粥) noodles(麵), soup(湯), fish and meat(肝南), cake(餠) and etc. 3. Daily meal was arranged cooked rice(飯), soup(湯), salted fish shrimp and etc(?), jerked meat(佐飯). pickled vegetables(醬?), meat fish and others broiled with seasoning(炙), and etc. 4. Fruit table was arranged noodles(麵), soup(湯), fried cake made of wheat flour, honey and oil(造果), fruits(實果), various fruits preserved in honey(正果), dried fish and meat(切肉), honey water(水正果) and etc.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to set easily applicable portion sizes by sex and age for children at the Community Child Centers (CCC) in Korea. Methods: Considering the age and gender specific energy level at Target Patterns for children aged 6-18 years, which were suggested as a part of the 2010 Korean Food Guidance System (KFGS), we set three meal sizes. We reclassified the recommended daily servings of Grains, Meat fish eggs beans and Vegetables group at Target Patterns into three meal sizes, and then calculated the recommended serving per meal. Each proposed amount of food per meal was calculated based on serving size of foods commonly eaten at KFGS, which was then allocated to five meal components; rice, soup stew, protein and vegetable side-dishes and Kimchi. Each proposed amount of food per meal was applied to 173 menus' recipes from CANpro 3.0 as main ingredient's amounts. We cooked the 173 menus at the medium size and measured their weights after cooking. Results: Each recommended serving per meal was 0.75, 0.9 and 1.2 for Grains; 1.2, 1.6 and 2.4 for Meat fish eggs beans; 2, 2.4 and 2.8 for Vegetables by meal sizes. Among five meal components, the ratio of small and large to medium size was 1/5 less and 1/3 more for rice and 1/3 less and 1/3 more for soup stew, protein side-dish and Kimchi, respectively. We suggested the same amount for a vegetable side-dish to encourage vegetable intake. Proper portion sizes per meal of medium were rice 190 g, soup stew 210 g (solid ingredients 60 g), protein side-dish 100 g (meat eggs beans) and 70 g (fish), vegetable side-dish 80g and Kimchi 30 g. Conclusions: Proper portion size per meal suggested in this study may be useful at the CCC where dietitians are not available and the approach could be applicable to the other types of meal services.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1471-1478
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• 2015

The present study aimed to assess the effect of dietary substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with dehulled-micronized faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) in guinea fowl broilers on their growth traits, carcass quality, and meat fatty acids composition. In this trial, 120 day-old guinea fowl keets were randomly assigned to two treatments which were fed from hatch to 12 weeks of age. Birds were fed two wheat middlings-based diets comprising of a control treatment which contained SBM (78.3 g/kg) and a test diet containing dehulled-micronized faba bean (130 g/kg) as the main protein source. Substituting SBM with faba bean had no adverse effect on growth traits, dressing percentage, or breast and thigh muscles relative weight of the guinea fowls. Conversely, a decrease (p<0.05) of abdominal fat was found in guinea fowls fed the faba bean-diet. Breast muscle of birds fed faba bean had higher $L^*$ score (p<0.05) and water-holding capacity (p<0.05) than the SBM control diet. Meat from guinea fowls fed faba bean had less total lipids (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.01), and higher concentrations of phospholipids (p<0.01). Feeding faba bean increased polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in breast meat and decreased the saturated fatty acid levels. Moreover, dietary faba bean improved the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in guinea fowl breast meat. Results indicated that substitution of SBM with faba bean meal in guinea fowl diet can improve carcass qualitative traits, enhancing also meat lipid profile without negatively affecting growth performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1614-1625
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of fish silage prepared from Indian oil sardines, Sardinella longiceps, as partial replacement of soybean meal as a sole source of protein for growing broiler chickens. The main objective of Experiment 1, an ileal digestibility assay, was to assess the nutritional value of fish silage compared with soybean meal for feeding broiler chickens. The two test ingredients, soybean meal and dried fish silage, were incorporated into semi-synthetic diets, as the only component containing protein. The ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids of fish silage were considerably higher than those of soybean meal (p<0.001). The lower digestibility of amino acids from soybean meal was related to the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors. Fish silage had higher levels of sulphur-containing amino acids than soybean meal. The objective of Experiment 2, a growth study, was to evaluate the effect of feeding fish silage on performance and meat quality characteristics of broiler chickens raised under closed and open-sided housing systems. Four diets containing various levels of fish silage (0, 10, 20 and 30%) were evaluated. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of Experiment 2, 96 birds were randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate meat quality characteristics. Housing type had significant effects on feed intake and body weight gain (p<0.01). Birds in the open-sided house consumed 4.7% less amount of feed and gained 10.6% less than their counterparts in a closed house. Birds in both houses fed diets containing 10 and 20% fish silage gained more than birds fed 30% fish silage. The current study produced evidence that fish silage can replace up to 20% of soybean meal in broiler diets without affecting either growth performance or the sensory quality of broiler meat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2020

Producing animal products from farm to table emits massive amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Modified meal plans, mainly including vegetables and grains, have been recommended to reduce GHG emissions. However, these meal plans have not been developed with regard to the micronutrient content, but rather with regard to the energy requirements of grains and vegetables, which could result in a nutritional imbalance. For this reason, we investigated a common Korean suggested meal plan (SMP) from the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, in which nutritional conditions were considered, and evaluated its GHG emissions using the Life Cycle Assessment Inventory Database and nutritional values. The SMP, which included meat, was based on the Korean Nutrition Society for adult men age 19 to 29, and was changed to a vegan meal plan (VMP). Animal-based protein sources were substituted for meat alternatives, such as beans and tofu, for which carbon footprint data was available. To compare the nutritional differences, the 9^th Korean Food Composition Tables I and II were consulted. To calculate GHG emissions, the carbon footprint data of the food was converted to a CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) using a procedure from the Foundation of Agriculture Technology Commercialization and Transfer. It was found that GHG emissions per calorie were 18% lower for the VMP when compared to the SMP. However, if GHG emissions per total amino acids were evaluated, the VMP GHG emissions per total amino acids were 0.12 g CO₂e/mg, while the corresponding value for the SMP was 0.06 g CO₂e/mg. The Korean daily meat intake reported by the Korea Agricultural Statistics Service was 37.1% lower than in the SMP, but when converted to a protein intake the figure was 17.0% lower. It was found that each SMP resulted in more GHG emissions than the VMP, but when considered as GHG emissions per total amino acids, the opposite pattern was apparent. There is a need to conduct more detailed studies of the variation in GHG emissions with different meal plans, using the daily meat intake per person.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2014

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also termed prion diseases, are a threat to food safety and to human and animal health. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans is caused by the consumption of meat contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, mad cow disease). The BSE epidemic in the United Kingdom was shown to be related with the extensive use of BSE-contaminated meat-and-bone meal (MBM) and bovine offal. Many countries worldwide use MBM, as well as meat from cows, for aquaculture feed. This raises concerns about the safety of farmed fish, a major protein source for humans. The present work reviews recent studies on fish prion protein and the transmissibility of mammalian prion agents to fish, providing insights into the future direction of fish prion research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 1992

Locally available milk mix, coconut meal, cassava root meal, cassava leaf meal, maize, meat meal, fish meal, rice bran, rice polishings, wallow, molasses and coral sand in Fiji were analysed for proximate components, gross energy and mineral contents. The results obtained indicated typical and variable amounts of nutrients in these materials. On the basis of their nutrient contents, the potential usefulness and weaknesses of the various feed materials are discussed with specific reference to the formulations of diets for livestock and poultry in Fiji based on these locally available feed materials.