• 한국철학논집
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• 제42호
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• pp.71-103
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• 2014

박세당(1629~1703)은 조선시대에 유일하게 "장자" 전편을 주석한 "남화경주해산보"를 저술하고, 말년에는 사문난적(斯文亂賊)으로 지탄받던 인물이다. 본 논문의 목적은 조선시대에 주류사상이던 주자학의 집대성자인 주자(1130~1200)와 박세당의 장자 인식의 비교를 통해 17세기 조선에서 "남화경주해산보" 저술이 가지는 의의를 구명(究明)하는 데 있다. 조선시대에는 주자학이 정통 교학으로서 부동의 위치를 차지하고 있었으므로 노장(老莊)을 비롯한 여타의 사상은 주자학과의 관계 속에서 논의되어야만 한다. 박세당의 장자 인식은 주자의 장자 인식에서 크게 벗어나지 않는다. "남화경주해산보" 저술은 주자의 장자 인식을 계승하여 적극적으로 심화시켰다고 할 수 있다. 이 때문에 노론 측에서 사문난적으로 비판할 때에도 "신주도덕경"과 "남화경주해산보"은 언급되지 않은 것이다. 그러나 또 다른 한편으로는 주자학에서 벗어나려는, 즉 탈주자학적 시도이다. 박세당은 장자가 유가와 대척점에 있다고 보지 않는다. "남화경주해산보"를 통해서 첫째, 장자가 세상에 대해 지대한 관심을 가지고 현실을 냉철하게 직시하였음을 강조하고, 둘째, 부자(父子)와 군신(君臣) 간의 인륜(人倫) 관계를 중시했음을 증명하여 유가사상과 상통점을 찾고, 셋째, 장자의 인성론(人性論)을 새롭게 조명하여 유가 인성론을 재정립하고, 넷째, 장자사상을 응용하여 분당(分黨)과 예송논쟁(禮訟論爭) 등 소모적인 정쟁(政爭)에서 벗어나려고 한다. 박세당이 "신주도덕경"과 "남화경주해산보"를 저술하지만, 이는 보유(補儒)의 일환이고 본령은 유학이다. 그가 탈피하고자 한 것은 주자학의 절대화였지 유학 자체는 아니다. 주자학이 정통 교학이자 지배 이념으로 절대화되고 교조화되던 17세기의 조선에서 박세당의 "남화경주해산보" 저술은 매우 혁신적인 시도로서, 박세당이 주자학에서 벗어나 탈주자학의 선구자로서 정통 주자학자들과 지향점을 달리하여 독자적이고 진보적인 학문 세계를 구축하였음을 보여준다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.117-139
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• 2013

Research on purchase intention had showed remarkable progress in contributing to the theory of consumer behavior. Despite the popularity of academic discussions on various issues influencing purchase intention, the mediating role of brand recall and brand attitude on purchase intention, in particular advergames, has not yet been well explored, especially in developing economies such as Malaysia. Furthermore, the influence of self-brand congruity, entertainment and brand placement acceptance as antecedents to brand recall and brand attitude are expected to add value to the brand recall, brand attitude and purchase intention relationships. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the mediating role of brand recall and brand attitude on purchase intention in advergames among Malaysian gamers. The antecedents towards brand recall and brand attitude are also examined to measure their influence on purchase intention. A total of 350 Malaysian gamers were interviewed through online survey in this study. The results showed that brand recall and brand attitude mediate the relationship between self-brand congruity, entertainment and brand placement acceptance with purchase intention. Also, entertainment and brand placement acceptance were found to have a significant relationship with brand recall. As expected, brand recall and brand attitude showed a positive relationship with consumer purchase intention in advergames. It was found that self-brand congruity has a significant influence on brand attitude and purchase intention. When users see the brand which matches with them, they tend to act positively toward the brand exposed in the game. This is consistent with Escalas and Bettman (2005) who suggested that the greater the congruity, the more positive the consumer's attitude toward the brand in question. This leads to game usage and purchase (Davis and Lang, 2013). In the advergaming context, the entertainment value in advergames is very important to determine the level of enjoyment and pleasure experienced by gamers during game-playing. Therefore, the more entertaining the ads, the more it will be remembered and the greater the positive behavior of the consumer towards the advergames - this ultimately stimulates their intention to purchase the brand. This study shows the effect of brand placement on brand recall and brand attitude and also purchase intention. Brand placements might not work in games due to the interactivity involved in game-playing as people could be distracted from noticing the brand placements (Yang et al., 2006). However, the significant influence of brand placements found in this study may provide major promise for advertisers. Game players may or may not explicitly remember the brands they see in the games, but these placements may influence their brand recall and brand attitude and could therefore influence later decisions (Yang et al., 2006). In this study, it was found that self-brand congruity was not significantly related with brand recall. The reason for this could be attributed to the fact that this study examined gamers who are highly involved in the interactive medium of games which force them to focus on game play rather than advertisements; the level of recognition to remember the brand exposed in the game is low and contributes to the "mismatch" between the gamers and the said brand. The present study contributes to the existing literature of the antecedents of brand recall and brand attitude in advergames. This study contributes to the role of brand recall and brand attitude as mediators in purchase behavior theory. Academically, the relationship between brand recall and brand attitude is well known in advergaming research, but their impact as important mediators on purchase intention add new understanding in the interactive communication literature. Their mediating role may provide new insights on how they facilitate the effects of self-brand congruity, entertainment and brand placement on purchase intention. Besides that, the studies on the influence of self-brand congruity on brand recall and brand attitude and also consumer intention to purchase had not well-investigated in advergames. This study contributes to fill those gaps in advergames literature. For practitioners, this study could suggest the use of illustrative or demonstrative placements of new products to help customers remember new brands, and the use of associative placements for existing products to increase consumers' purchase intention (Ho et al., 2011). To advertisers, this study may provide useful information to improve their current advertising strategies in games, for instance, by considering game players' congruity, entertainment value and brand placement factors.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-115
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• 1992

The problem addressed by this study was to determine the effect of nurse - patient agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period of primiparous mothers. It was hypothesized that the experimental treatment would result in hegher self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. This purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to enhance self- confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance and to the development of relevant nursing theory. Especially, the early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attaintment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus -response accomplished by learning. Most women attain the maternal role sucessfully. But, some primiparous mothers experience difficultites in attainment of the maternal role due to lack of experience and knowledge. Self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance are important factors in attainment and adjustment to the maternal role (Mercer, 1981a, 1981b ; Lederman, Weigarten, and Lederman, 1981 :Bobak and Jensen, 1985). Nursing is defined as behaviors of nurses add patients that attain nursing goals through action, reaction, interaction, and transaction. For attainment of nursing goals, active participating transactions must occur by agreement on the means to achieve those goals through nurse -patient mutual goal setting and establishment of their active relationships(King, 1981, Ha, 1977). Based on King's theory of goal attainment (1981), this stuy was planned as a non-equivalent control group, non -synchronized quasi -experimental design using agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in early postpartum as the experimental treatment. The data were collected from July 20 to Sep. 1, 1991 by questionnaires with 60 primiparous mothers planing to breast feed after normal deliveries at W hospital in Pusan, Korea. The subjects were divided into a control group(conventional group) -those admitted from July 20 to Aug. 12, and an experimental group(agreement group) - those admitted from Aug. 13 to Sep. 1. The instument for agreement on the means to nursing goals in the early postpartum period included five steps - identification of disturbances of problems through action, reaction, and interaction with primiparous mothers : mutual early postpartal nursing goal setting : exploration of the means to achieve goals ; agreement on the means (self- care, ealry maternal -infant contact, performance of mothering behavior, and communicating about the infant's behavior and health condition) : implementation of the means. This instrument was developed on the basis of King's elements that lead to transactions in nurse-patient interactions. Lederman et al's (1981) scale for Confidence in ability to cope with tasks of motherhood and Lederman et al's(1981) scale for Mother's satisfaction with motherhood and infant care were used to measure self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance ·with the subjects immediately after admission and on the day of discharge. Self-care performance in the experimental group was measured by self -evaluation tool developed by the investigator from the literature concerned. The tools to measure Pelf-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance, and the tool to measure self-evaluation of self-care performance were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.63. The data were analysed by using in S.P.S.S. computerized program and included percentage, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was above average with a mean score of 2.77(range 2.14-3.64). Out of 14 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(3.95), and ‘I have my doubts about whether I am a good mother’(2.87). Those with low mean scores were ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(2.28), ‘When the baby cries, I can tell what she /he wants’(2.37), and ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(2;50). That is, the self - confidence of Primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering, but rather low in activities concerning the infant care and understanding of the infant behavior. The degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was high with a mean score of 3.18(range 1.92-3.92). Out of 13 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I am glad 1 had this baby now’(3.75), ‘I play with the baby between feedings when s/he is awake and quiet’(3.67), and ‘I enjoy being a mother’(3.27). Those with low mean scores were ‘I am upset about having too many responsibilities as a mother’(2.78), ‘It bothers me to get up for the baby at night’(2.82), and ‘I get annoyed if the baby frequently interrupts my activities’.(2.82), That is, the satisfaction of primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering and infant care, but rather low in restraints in time or on the mother's self accomplishment and development. 2. Agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period included process of mutual goal setting, exploration of the means to achieve goals, and ahreement in concert means to achieve goals based on the mothers' condition, concerns, self-perception of the nurse - patient interactions. In the process of agreement, there was agreement that the means to achieve goals should be through trust and establishment of active relationships with the nurse through identification of problems according to planned nursing goals and active interaction, such as explanations, teaching, changing of opinions, acceptance or rejection of explanations, and proposing of questions. Therefore agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period appears to be an effective nursing intervention for primiparous mothers. 3. The degree of self- confidence in maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higher than that of the control group(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). Out of 14 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(t＝1.93, p＜0.05), ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(t＝2.75, p＜0.01), ‘When the baby cries, 1 can tell what she/he wants’(t＝2.10, p＜0.05), ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(t＝3.72, p＜0.01), ‘I trust my own judement in deciding how to care for the baby’(t＝1.96, p＜0.05), ‘I feel that I know my baby and what to do for him /her’(t＝2.44, p＜0.01), ‘I am concerned about being able to meet the baby's needs’(t＝2.87, p＜0.01), ‘I know what my baby likes and dislikes’(t＝3.26, p＜0.01), ‘I don't know to care for the baby as well as I should’(t＝2.07, p＜0.05), and ‘I am unsure about whether I give enough attention to the baby’(t＝3.04, p＜0.01), That is, the degree of self-confidence in mothering, activities concerning infant care, and understanding of infant behavior of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the first hypothesis, that the degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). 4. The degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higer than that or the control group(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). Out of 13 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I am glad I had this baby now’(t＝2.29, p＜0.05), ‘I enjoy taking care of the baby’(t＝2.4g, p＜0.01), ‘It is boring for me to care for the baby and do the same thing over and over’(t＝2.87, P＜0.01), ‘I am unhappy with the amount of time I have for activities other than childcare’(t＝2.51, p＜0.01), and ‘When bathing and diapering the baby, I would like to be doing something else’(t＝2.43, p＜0.01). That is, the degree of satisfaction in mothering, infant care, and restraints in time of on the mother's self accomplishment and development in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the second hypothesis, that the degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). 5. The third hypothesis, that the higher the degree of satisfaction in materenal role performance, the higher the degree of self-confidence in materenal role performance in the experimental group, was supported (r＝0.57, p＜0.01)

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.371-408
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• 1997

This article is the reserch on actual condition of crime of arson which occurs in Korea and its countermeasures. The the presented problem in this article are that (1) we have generally very low rate concern about the crime of arson contrary to realistic problems of rapid increase of crime of arson (2) as such criminal motives became so diverse as to the economic or criminal purpose unlike characteristic and mental deficiency of old days, and to countermeasure these problems effectively it presentation the necessity of systemantic research. Based on analysis of reality of arson, the tendency of this arson in Korea in the ratio of increase is said to be higher than those in violence crime or general fire rate. and further its rate is far more greater than those of the U.S.A. and Japan. Arson is considered to be a method of using fire as crime and in case of presently residence to be the abject, it is a public offense crime which aqccompany fatality in human life. This is the well It now fact to all of us. And further in order to presentation to the crime of arson, strictness of criminal law (criminal law No, 164 and 169, and fire protection law No. 110 and 111) and classification of arsonist as felony are institutionary reinforced to punish with certainty of possibility, Therefore, as tendency of arson has been increased compared to other nations, it is necessary to supplement strategical policy to bring out overall concerns of the seriousness of risk and damage of arson, which have been resulted from the lack of understanding. In characteristics analysis of crime of arson, (1) It is now reveald that, in the past such crime rate appeared far more within the boundary of town or city areas in the past, presently increased rate of arsons in rural areas are far more than in the town or small city areas, thereby showing characteristics of crime of arson extending nation wide. (2) general timetable of arson shows that night more than day time rate, and reveald that is trait behavior in secrecy.(3) arsonists are usually arrested at site or by victim or report of third person(82,9%).Investigation activities or self surrenders rate only 11.2%. The time span of arrest is normally the same day of arson and at times it takes more than one year to arrest. This reveals its necessity to prepare for long period of time for arrest, (4) age rate of arson is in their thirties mostly as compared to homicide, robbery and adultery, and considerable numbers of arsons are in old age of over fifties. It reveals age rate is increased (5) Over half of the arsonists are below the junior high school (6) the rate of convicts by thier records is based on first offenders primarily and secondly more than 4 time convicts. This apparently shows necessity of effective correctional education policy for their social assimilation together with re-investigation of human education at the primary and secondary education system in thier life. The examples of motivation for arosnits, such as personal animosity, fury, monetary swindle, luscious purpose and other aims of destroying of proof, and other social resistance, violence including ways of threatening, beside the motives of individual defects, are diverse and arsonic suicide and specifically suicidal accompany together keenly manifested. When we take this fact with the criminal theory, it really reveals arsons of crime are increasing and its casualities are serious and a point as a way of suicide is the anomie theory of Durkheim and comensurate with the theory of that of Merton, Specifically in the arson of industrial complex, it is revealed that one with revolutionary motive or revolting motive would do the arsonic act. For the policy of prevention of arsons, professional research work in organizational cooperation for preventive activities is conducted in municipal or city wise functions in the name of Parson Taskforces and beside a variety of research institutes in federal government have been operating effectively to countermeasure in many fields of research. Franch and Sweden beside the U.S. set up a overall operation of fire prevention research funtions and have obtained very successful result. Japan also put their research likewise for countermeasure. In this research as a way of preventive fire policy, first, it is necessary to accomodate the legal preventitive activities for fire prevention in judicial side and as an administrative side, (1) precise statistic management of crime of arson (2) establishment of professional research functions or a corporate (3) improvement of system for cooperative structural team for investigation of fires and menpower organization of professional members. Secondly, social mentality in individual prospect, recognition of fires by arson and youth education of such effect, educational program for development and practical promotion. Thirdly, in view of environmental side, the ways of actual performance by programming with the establishment of cooperative advancement in local social function elements with administrative office, habitants, school facilities and newspapers measures (2) establishment of personal protection where weak menpowers are displayed in special fire prevention measures. These measures are presented for prevention of crime of arson. The control of crime and prevention shall be prepared as a means of self defence by the principle of self responsibility Specifically arsonists usually aims at the comparatively weak control of fire prevention is prevalent and it is therefore necessary to prepare individual facilities with their spontaneous management of fire prevention instead of public municipal funtures of local geverment. As Clifford L. Karchmer asserted instead of concerns about who would commit arson, what portion of area would be the target of the arson. It is effective to minister spontaveously the fire prevention measure in his facility with the consideration of characteristics of arson. On the other hand, it is necessary for the concerned personnel of local goverment and groups to distribute to the local society in timely manner for new information about the fire prevention, thus contribute to effective result of fire prevention result. In consideration of these factors, it is inevitable to never let coincide with the phemonemon of arsons in similar or mimic features as recognized that these could prevail just an epedemic as a strong imitational attitude. In processing of policy to encounter these problems, it is necessary to place priority of city policy to enhancement of overall concerns toward the definitive essense of crime of arson.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 플로우 4경로모형에서 마음상태와 플레이(play)가 하는 역할과 그 결과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 선행요인인 도전감 및 숙련도의 조합에 따른 마음상태를 측정하고, 플레이를 플로우 4경로모형에 투입하여 플로우이론에서 가설적으로 제시하고 있는 마음상태와 플레이의 영향관계를 분석하였다. 또한 플로우와 플레이의 웹충성도에 대한 영향도 분석하였다. 가설검정 결과에서는 첫째, 도전감과 숙련도의 조합에 따라 플로우, 두려움, 지루함, 무관심의 마음상태가 형성되는 것이 확인되었다. 그러나 두려움의 수준은 도전감과 숙련도가 모두 가장 낮은 무관심집단에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이런 결과는 플로우이론의 설명과 일치하지 않는데, 무관심집단은 두려움으로 인해 온라인 쇼핑을 회피하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 둘째, 도전감과 숙련도에 따라 구분된 집단 간에 플레이 수준에서 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 플레이는 플로우에 대해서는 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 지루함에 대해서는 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 두려움과 무관심에 대해서는 부(-)의 영향효과가 유의적이지 않았다. 넷째, 플레이와 플로우는 웹충성도에 유의적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 부정적 마음상태인 두려움, 지루함, 무관심은 웹충성도에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 플레이의 웹충성도에 대한 영향은 부정적 마음상태에서 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 플로우 4경로모형에서의 마음상태를 확인하기 위해 이를 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하여 사용하였다. 마음상태별로 수립한 4개의 구조방정식 모형을 통해 플로우 뿐만 아니라 두려움, 지루함, 무관심의 부정적 마음상태에서 발생하는 영향관계를 종합적으로 입증하였다. 이런 결과는 부정적 마음상태의 영향을 확인하였다는 점에서 이론발전에 기여하였다고 본다. 또한, 플로우모형에서 플레이의 역할을 규명하였다는 점에서도 의미가 있다. 본 연구는 실무적으로도 인터넷 소비자들의 마음상태에 따른 시장세분화와 플레이를 활용한 마케팅전략수립에 시사점을 제공한다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.147-187
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• 2008

온라인 게임에서의 경험을 설명하는 대부분의 이전 연구들이 플로우의 역할을 강조하고 있으며, 플로우의 선행요인과 결과요인을 밝히는데 초점을 두었다. 플로우는 온라인상의 몰입경험을 설명하는데 타당한 것으로 기존 연구에서 검증되었고 성과와 직결된다는 점에서 중요한 변수임은 분명하지만, 쾌락적 경험으로서의 온라인 게임을 설명하는 데 있어서는 부족하다. 이러한 기존 연구의 부족한 점을 보완하고자, 본 연구는 음악과 영화분야에서 연구된 쾌락적 반응 연구를 온라인 게임에 적용하여 온라인 게임에서의 다차원적인 경험과정을 보여주고자 하였다. 또한 기존에 쾌락적 반응에 관한 연구를 보완하여 감각적 반응, 상상적 반응, 분석적 반응이 감정적 반응에 주는 영향을 검증하였으며, 플로우를 대신해 쾌락적 반응들이 게임 만족에 주는 영향, 게임 만족이 충성도에 주는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 그리고 쾌락적 선호를 조절하거나 매개하는 변수로 알려진 지각된 복잡성에 따른 조절 영향을 확인함으로써, 자극의 차이에 따른 쾌락적 반응의 영향차이를 보지 않았던 기존연구를 확장하였다. 연구결과, 감각적 반응, 상상적 반응, 분석적 반응의 감정적 반응에 대한 유의한 영향, 각각의 쾌락적 반응의 만족에 대한 유의한 영향, 만족의 충성도에 대한 영향이 검증되었다. 그리고 이러한 영향은 지각된 복잡성이 다른 집단 별로 달랐는데, 예상한 바대로 지각된 복잡성이 높은 집단에서는 분석적 반응이 전반적으로 강한 영향을, 그리고 낮은 집단에서는 감각적 반응이 감정과 만족에 강한 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 연구 마지막에는 이러한 결과들에 대한 요약 및 해석, 시사점 및 한계점이 논의되었다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.351-429
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• 1998

The Purpose of Study 1. Inspection of clinical application on TCD to CVA 2. Objective Comparement and analysis about treatment effect of Western-Medicine, Korean Medicine, Cooperative consultation of Korean and Western medicice for CVA The Subject of Study We intended for the eighty six patient of CVA who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center from 1997. 8. I to 1998. 7. 31 1. View of CT, MRI : the patient of Cb infarction 2. Attack Time : The patient who coming hospital falling ill within the early one week The method of study 1. Treat four group of Korean medicine, Constitution medicine, Western medicine, cooperative consultation of Korean medicine and Western medicine. 2. Application of TCD Check the result for three times, immediatly after the attack, two months later, four months later 3. Comparative analysis of each treatment effect by clinical symptoms and pathologic examination 4. The Judgement of the patient The Result From 8/1/1997 to 7/31/1998, We have the following result by clinical analysis intended for CVA 86 patients who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center from 1997. 8. 1 to 1998. 7. 31 in 1. Analysis according to Age The first stage of thirties, forties, seventies is heavier than forties, fifties in improvement and Index of improvement of symptom 2. Analysis according to sex We have no special relation in an average of symptom and improvement, Index improvement 3. Analysis according to Family History We have the better result in first stage and improvement, index improvement when no family history. 4. Analysis according to Past History We have no special relation in past history like hypertension, DM, heart problem 5. Analysis devided two group, above group and under group on the basis of the average in first stage of all patient. We have the better result when the first stage is light, that the first score of barthel index and CNS is high. 6. Analysis of the effect of treatment about Korean medical treatment, Western medical treatment, cooperative treatment. In this study, the highest group of rate of treatment at four contrast groups (Korean medicine, Constitution medicine, Western medicine, cooperative treatment according to dyagnosis and range of treatment was the patient group of doing dyagnosis and method of treatment based on constitution medicine theory. This is that of doing demostation, A-Tx, po-herb-medication according to dyagnosis and treat method of constitution of Lee Je-ma In case of left, the case of dyagnosis any disease according to doctor view but, normal in TCDwas 22-beginning of attack, 20- two weeks later, 11 case-four weeks later in case of right, 15-beginning of attack, 12-two weeks later, 9 case four weeks later. So left vessel compares to right vessel is more interference, in fact more than a 1/2 of the patients of MCA disease can't do dyagnosis. In rate of imparement, the state of pacient improved but there isn't the improved case of result in TCD. 7. In TCD dyagnosis, between the case of inconsus the doctor view specially MCA in brain blood vessel is in large numbers and in total 86's patient, impossible case of dyagnosis according to interferiance of temporal is 21 case. 7. Result study about application of Kreaan medical treatment 1) The impossible patient of observation MCA blood vescular for interference temporal bone happened in large numbers. 2) There is the case having difference result to CT,MRI, MRA result. 3) Because individual difference is large, excluding to ananalogy of symptom. This is normal numerical value that has possibility of being checked as abnormal numerical value 4) there are a lot of cases that the speed of normal part is as similarly measured as that of abnormal part. It means that we cannot judge the disease by this measure 5) It is rare that this measure represent degree of improvement in patient's condition of disease. When we observe patient's condition become better, but we have no case that the result of TCD test better. 6) The result could be appear differently by the technique of the tester or by the experience of the tester 7) In the TCD test, abnormal symptoms is checked at 0 week, but at 2th week, normal symptoms is checked, again at 4th week abnormal is checked. According to the above result, CVA diagnosis is difficult only with TCD, as it appear in diagnosis error check which is suggested in the problem connected to project, for the aged persons who have the worst hardening of part of the cranium (1998. 5. 26 77 of 83 patients is 50s) there is a lot of cases that the measurement is impossible by TCD and the correction of measurement numerical value is decreased, as the age of cerebral infarction is high, TCD is inappropriate to diagnosis equipment through this study.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2012

최근 온라인 소셜 네트워크 서비스(SNS)의 사용자가 크게 늘어나고 있으며 다양한 분야에서 SNS의 사용자 관계 구조 및 메시지를 분석하기 위한 연구를 진행하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 소셜 네트워크 분석 방법들은 노드 사이의 최단 거리를 기초로 하고 있으므로 계산 시간이 오래 걸린다. 이는 점차 대형화 되어가는 SNS의 데이터를 여러 분야에서 활용하는데 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 SNS의 사용자 그래프에서 사용자간 최단거리를 빠르게 찾기 위한 휴리스틱 기반의 최단 경로 탐색 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 1) 트리로 표현된 소셜 네트워크에서 시작 노드와 목표 노드를 설정한다. 그리고 2) 만약 목표 노드가 경사 트리의 단말에 있다면 경사 트리가 시작하는 노드를 임시 골 노드로 설정한다. 마지막으로 3) 연결의 차수를 평가값으로 하는 휴리스틱 기반 최단거리 탐색을 수행한다. 이렇게 최단거리를 탐색한 후 매개 중심성 분석(Betweenness Centrality) 및 근접 중심성(Closeness Centrality)를 계산한다. 제안하는 방법을 사용하면 소셜 네트워크 분석에서 가장 많은 시간이 필요한 최단거리 탐색을 빠르게 수행할 수 있으므로 소셜 네트워크 분석의 효율성을 기대할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 검증하기 위하여 약 16만 명으로 구성된 SNS에서의 실제 데이터를 이용하여 매개 중심성 분석과 근접 중심성 분석을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 방법은 전통적 방식에 비하여 매개 중심성, 근접 중심성의 계산 시간이 각각 6.8배, 1.8배 더 빠른 결과를 보였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 소셜 네트워크 분석의 시간을 향상시켜 여러 분야에서 사회 현상 및 동향을 분석하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2010

对营销和广告经理来说, 理解消费者的偏好和使用的媒体类型是非常有必要的, 尤其是在如今市场细分的情况下. 清晰的理解能帮助经理更有效的选择合适的媒体. 而且由于性格特征的不同, 个人对媒体类型的选择和使用都不相同. 本文测试了一个性格特征, 即感知追求. 这是在测试 "新" 媒体偏好和使用的文献中尚未出现的. 感知追求是被定义为 "一种对变化, 新颖和复杂的感觉的需要和经历. 以及为承担这些经历愿意承受生理的和社会的风险" (Zuckerman 1979). 根据文献回顾, 我们提出了6个假设. 我们尤其关注使用与满足理论(Katz 1959), 这个理论解释了为什么人们选择媒体类型和他们使用不同媒体类型的动机的原因. 目前的理论表明高感知追求者(HSS), 由于他们对新颖, 激励和非传统的内容和想象的需要, 他们会更多的使用新媒体. 因此, 我们假设高感知追求者比低感知追求者(LSS)(H2a)或中等感知追求者(MSS)(H2b)会更多的使用网络而不是广播(H1a)或印刷媒体(H1b). 另外, 高感知追求者有更多的社交活动及朋友, 因此他们会比低感知追求者(a) 和中等感知追求者(b)更多的使用社交网络网页例如Facebook/MySpace(H3) 以及聊天室(H4). 感知追求者可以显示出一系列的行为包括抑制解除. 我们认为具有高水平去抑制的人们比低水平或中等水平的人们会更多的使用社交网络如Facebook/MySpace (H5) 和聊天室(H6). 我们的数据来源于对参加极限运动的参与者的网上调查. 为得到这个群组的信息, 我们使用雪球样本技术的提高版, 即连锁推荐方法来选择应答者. 这种方法被认为是对隐藏人群进行有效估算的方法(Heckathorn, 1997). 最终的有效样本包括1108名应答者. 主要是年轻人(56.36%在34岁以下), 男性(86.1%)和中产阶级(58.7%的家庭收入超过50,000美元). 我们用这个样本来进行感知追求的研究. 我们用简要感知追求量表来测试感知追求(Hoyle et al. 2007). 我们用自我报告使用过的不同媒体类型来测量媒体使用. 结果并不支持H1a和b. 高感知追求者并没有更多的使用网络这样的媒体. 事实上, 同其他的媒体类型相比, 这个平均水平是较低的. 高感知追求者使用最多的媒体类型时印刷媒体, 这说明了一种对主流的反抗. 结果支持H2a和b. 高感知追求者比低感知或中等感知追求者更多的使用网络. 进一步的分析揭示了在高感知和低感知追求者之间在使用印刷媒体方面有显著不同. 高感知追求者在他们感兴趣的极限运动方面会追求更专业的印刷出版物. 假设3a和b 揭示了高感知追求者比低感知或中等感知追求者更多的使用Facebook/MySpace. 在使用聊天室方面低感知和高感知追求者之间没有显著差距. 所以结果也不支持假设H4a, 但是H4b的结果是显著的. 不同抑制解除水平的应答者被认为使用Facebook/MySpace 和聊天室的水平也不同. 去抑制水平高比低水平或中等水平的使用Facebook/MySpace的水平高. 所以H5a和b 被支持. 类似的, H6b也被支持. 去抑制水平高的人们使用聊天室的概率显著多于中等水平的但并不多于低水平的人们(H6a). 这些结果为管理者提供了一些有趣的见解. 第一, 尽管高感知追求者比低感知或中等感知追求者更多的使用在线媒体, 但他们使用在线媒体仍然少于印刷或广播媒体. 广告执行者们不应该对这个重要的客户群过分的强调在线媒体. 第二, 社交媒体, 例如Facebook/MySpace和聊天室会是接近这个群体的有潜力的方法. 最后, 对去抑制水平高的群体, 有公共关系方面的启示. 这些个体更倾向于一些社会风险的行为. 这些直接的启示包括因特网捕食者和未来的雇主. 本研究的一个不足是受访者都是参与极限运动的. 这本身就是一个高感知追求者活动. 更大范围的人群需要被测试.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.83-110
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• 2010

기업의 서비스 실패로 인해 부정적 경험을 겪은 고객은 무의식적으로 그 원인의 추론을 통해 실망이나 후회의 부정적 감정을 얻게 되는데 이때 고객의 자기조절성향에 따른 감정의 발생은 각기 달리 나타나며, 이때 형성된 부정적 감정들은 서로 다른 고객반응을 일으키게 된다. 이러한 부정적 반응은 기업의 이미지 및 브랜드 가치에도 적지 않은 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 장기적으로는 기업 매출에도 부정적 영향을 미치며 서비스 회복 노력에 따른 추가적 비용도 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 서비스 영역에서 서비스 실패에 따른 고객의 부정적 감정의 선행요인 및 그 결과변수인 고객반응에 초점을 두고 있다. 즉 서비스 실패 시 자기조절성향(평가지향성과 목표지향성)이 부정적 감정에 미치는 영향과 이때 귀인과정(내적귀인 vs 외적귀인)에 따른 고객의 부정적 감정(후회감과 실망감)의 차이를 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 부정적 감정들이 체념과 구전활동이라고 하는 고객 행동반응에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 분석결과, 자기조절성향에 따른 후회감의 차이는 목표 지향적 성향이 강한 고객보다는 평가지향적 성향이 강한 고객일수록 후회감이 더 크고 반대로 목표지향적 성향이 강한 고객은 실망감이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 고객의 부정적 감정들은 귀인과정의 조절적 역할(내적귀인-후회감, 외적귀인-실망감)에 따라 서로 다른 감정이 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 후회감과 실망감은 소비자의 서비스 실패 후 행동반응에 상이한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데 본인의 의사결정에 따른 선택에 대해 후회감을 느낀 고객은 체념적 반응이 높게 나타났으며 반면에 실망감을 느낀 고객은 서비스 제공자나 제3자에 대한 구전행동이 높은 것으로 나타났다.