• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of the ‘Cultural Residence(Munhwa Residence)’, which is the most popular keyword in the Korean modernization of housing. In the 1920s, Cultural Residence means a Western Style Housing mainly American Bungalow Style Residence. In the 1930s, the meaning of ‘Cultural Residence’ swifts to the Japanese modern Housing having central corridor with a western style reception room. In spite of changing of its plan type, the word of Cultural Residence holds the meaning of a Western Style Residence mainly in its appearance, materials and structural system.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2001

There were the rites and customs in building of the traditional houses. The purpose of this study is to search the meaning of the building rites, and to search the spatial structure and meaning of the traditional houses through the rites as establishing the true dwelling. The traditional houses show the oppositional structure of the sacred and profane through the rites and customs of the building as the communication with the gods and men. The traditional houses are the center of which the gods of four sides defined and have the cardinal points and vertical axis which has the mythical and symbolic meaning.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.239-248
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• 1994

This study analyzed a costume historic meaning of TANGUN Mythology. TANGUN Mythology have been transmitted from many literatures but TANGUN Mythology recorded Samgukyusa(II-Yun) is not false piece or a fiction. A Costume historic meaning of TANGUN Mythology was studied in the clothing system meaning of a headgear worn by nobles in court in the Chun-Boo-In three and meaning of bear and tiger. However results are not clear. In addition the Han stones of Wu Liang Tz'u relates to TANGUN Mythology but results also are not manifest.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2003

To study the clothing names has been one of the research subjects in the history of clothing since the name could be the basic tool to understand the clothing. In the past, the name of clothing were used in Chinese character which is hieroglyphic. Each character of Chinese has special meaning. They had been changed into Korean after Korean characters were invented. During the period when they were changed into Korean, some of them retained the original meaning while others widened the original meaning. Some of them even translated into totally different meaning.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2001

Despite the advances in cancer therapy in the last 20 years, cancer continues to be a life-threatening illness, and the newly diagnosed individual faces a crisis that emphasized his or her mortality. Patients who suffer from cancer may have psychological problems, especially depression. Most tend to seek the meaning of suffering when continuing pain was experienced. Then the search for meaning, which is one of the primary needs of humans, begins. This meaning is "unique and specific" to the individual, and it must be fulfilled by the individual alone. This study was conducted to provide a basis of data for a nursing intervention program to minimize a cancer patient's suffering and to understand the relationship between life satisfaction, depression, and the meaning of suffering in cancer patients. The sample was composed of 160 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of three general hospitals in Seoul. Data collections were carried out from February 25th to April 20th of 2000. The data was analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlations, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results were as follows: 1. The scores on the depression scale ranged from 20 to 65 with a mean of 40.76 (SD 9.6) The mean score on the suffering scale was 97.72 (SD 12.7), and the score of the life satisfaction ranged from 15 to 37 with a mean of 25.51 (SD 5.2). 2. There were significant correlations between the amount of life satisfaction and depression (r=-.61, P=.00), the life satisfaction and the meaning of suffering (r=.30, p=.00), and the depression and the meaning of suffering (r=-.24, p=.00). 3. The factors influencing the depression in patients with cancer are age (F=2.52, p=.04) and education level (F=3.98, p=.00). The level of the meaning of suffering in cancer patients differed by education level (F=4.13, p=.00). Also, the level of the life satisfaction in cancer patients differed by education level (F=2.72, p=.04). In conclusion, the correlation between the depression, the meaning of suffering, and life satisfaction can be used as a concrete and practical datum for the development of nursing intervention. This may assist patients with cancer, overcome their suffering and lead to a hopeful life by understanding the meaning of suffering.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.445-459
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating effect of decentering between centrality of event and meaning reconstruction, based on relational loss experiences. To do so, surveys were conducted on 295 people(male: 109, female: 186) who would experience relational loss and be over 20 years old in the country using a questionnaire including a relational loss history checklist, the CES(Centrality of Event Scale), the Decentering Scale and the GMRI(Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory). And the valid data were statistically processed using SPSS 22.0 program. The results of the study was followed. First, both centrality of event and decentering had positive corrleations with meaning reconstruction. Second, decentering completely mediated relationship of centrality of event and meaning reconstruction. Centrality of event had no direct effect on meaning reconstruction and the entire effect of centrality of event on meaning reconstruction was transmitted only through the path of decentering. Based on these results, limitations and implications of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.774-784
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to identify the effects a gratitude promotion program has on the meaning of life and the subjective sense of well-being in female college students. As a result, it was discovered that of the sub-areas of the meaning of life in female college students, the meaning of finding and the meaning of pursuit showed a significant difference. It was also discovered that satisfaction in life of the sub-areas of positive subjective sense of well-being in female college students, love and joy of the sub-areas of subjective sense of well-being, and shame and sorrow of the sub-areas of negative emotional area had statistically significant differences. Such results suggest that the gratitude promotion program has a significant effect on the meaning of life and the subjective sense of well-being in female college students. For higher meaning of life and subjective sense of well-being in female college students, further studies on organized gratitude promotion programs and their usability should be performed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1991

From of old, labor has been accompanied by pain and much effort has been mode to eliminate or diminish the amounts of pain during labor. Little concern has yet been given to the subjective meaning of pain in labor. Recently, rates of cesarean section in Korea and in some other nations have increased rapidly and some investigators are reporting negative reactions such as anger, disappointment and feeling of loss due to lack of control over labor and its pain. These findings are thought to suggest that control of labor and its pain gives some meaning to the laboring woman. Thus the investigators sought to discover the meaning of pain during labor for Korean women. Specific objectives of this study were to explore the meaning of pain in labor to the mothers, their reactions to the experience of labor add their preference for delivery method. The subjects of this study were 95 mothers who delivered their babies in hospital from September 989 to May 1990 : 45 gave birth by vaginal delivery, and 50 by cesarean section. Data were gathered through direct interviews by the investigators, and questions were focused on five areas i.e. mothers' feelings about delivery and their babies, their feelings about of having more children, the most difficult aspect about this labor and delivery, and what they thought the differences were between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. After interview, mothers' answers were summarized, and classified according to the degree of positive or negative attitude. To ascertain the difference in meaning of labor pains and reaction to delivery experience between mothers delivered vaginally and by cesarean section a Median test was done using an SAS. Results were as follows. 1. More mothers who had delivered vaginally realized that they “have became a mother” than those who had a cesarean section(X$^2$＝8.409, df＝3, p＝0.038). 2. Immediate reaction to their delivery experience was more positive for mothers who had a cesarean section. 3. These Korean mothers expressed preference for vaginal delivery. Suggestions for further research on the meaning for mothers of their experience of labor, and on the meaning of pain for mothers who have a cesarean section were made.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.259-271
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• 2000

This study was attempted to explore meaning in life and it's relationship to problematic life events, health status and depression among older people. 198samples of elderly were over the age 60 (mean age=70.06) conveniently selected in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected through questionaires by interview with subjects from April, 1, 1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instuments were the main framework in the experiment. They involved meaning fulfillment and problematic life events which were developed by Burbank (1988) and short form geriatric depression scale(Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986). The data were analysed by SAS Program. The results are followed; 1. 172 lists were given out and had objects that would bring meaning to one's life. They were categrized as wishing for offsprings' prosperity, their relation with their grand-children, marriage of their offspring, health of family members, strong family ties, caring for the family, relation with husband, health for self, religious activity, helping others, individual hobbies, needs for growth such as writing, education, relationships with friends and personal achievements. In the end, 50% of total list dealt with in the relationship with their family members. 2. The mean fulfillment of the subjects was 38.31(SD=13.58) with a range of 12-60. The degree fulfillment varied according to the subjects' characteristics such as age group(F=4.44, 0P=.0008), education status (F=6.44, P=.0001), economic status (F=10.27, P=.0001), marrital status (F=9.12, P=.0002) and religious background (F=3.68, P=.006). 3. According to the pearson correlation, analysis significant variables were found between meaning fulfillment and health(r=.47, P=.0001), depression and the number of problematic life events for a life time (r=.147, P=.04), the stress score of problamatic life events for the past one year and the stress score of problematic life events for a life time was r=.43, P=.002, meaning fulfillment and the stress score of problamatic life events r=-.26, P=.04, depression and meaning fulfillment r=-.70, P=.0001 and depression and health r=-.521, P=.0001. 4. According to multiful regression analysis, depression was found as a most predictable variable for health(F=12.51, P=.001).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.81-86
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out to meaning and practical use of 'Anbang' of which unique roles and function has not been changed till now since Chosun dynasty. The Study has been carried out by selecting 27 novels in which the word 'Anbang' mentioned frequently and analyzing the sentences with 'Anbang' . The major finding were summarized as follows: 1. Since Chosun dynasty till now, 'Anbang' in most important space for Korean in residential area its meaning and practical use had not been changed. 2. The meaning of Anbang could be categorized into two parts; One was general symbolic meaning which was perceived mentally in general and the other was specific symbolic meaning which was varied by uses. In case of general symbolic meaning 'Anbang' implied a space with light turned on late at night, a very special space from the point of interior decoration and size, a space to keep very important stuffs and a space to deal with very important business. In case of specific symbolic meaning during Chosun dynasty, 'Anbang' was used as a pronoun to imply a mistress as major occupant was a mistress. Since then, gradually, 'Anbang' was used as a pronoun to imply married couple as married couple becomes major occupant. 3. The practical use of 'Anbang' cold be categorized into two; One was routine usage and the other was exceptional usage. The typical routine use were sleeping, dining family gathering, visitor greeting, clothes changing and sewing. The exceptional use were a Sebae(new year's bow), Pyebaek(make a deep bow and offer her gifts to her parents-in-law) and patient curing.