• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

In order to investigate the effects of local and synoptic meteorological conditions on urban scale particulate air pollutants observed over the Busan coastal area, power spectrum analysis was applied to observed particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter $\leq10\;{\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) for the period from 1 October, 1993 to 31 December, 2004. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was used to obtain the hourly mean observed $PM_{10}$ concentrations to identify different periodicity scales of $PM_{10}$ concentrations. The results showed that, aside from the typical and well-known periodicities such as diurnal and annual variations caused by anthropogenic influences, three other significant power spectral density peaks were identified: 7-day, 21-day and 2.25-year periodicities. Cospectrum analysis indicated that the seven-day variations were closely related to the synoptic meteorological conditions such as weak wind speed, which are relevant to the stagnant high pressure system slowly passing through the Korean Peninsula. The intra-seasonal 21-day variation was negatively correlated with wind speed but was consistently positively correlated with relative humidity, which is related to aerosol formation that can be achieved as a result of the hygroscopic characteristics of aerosols. However, the quasibiennial 2.25-year variation was correlated with the frequency of Asian dust occurrence, the periodicities of which have been recorded inter-annually over the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1998

Silty tidal rhythmites were found from the upper Pleistocene sequence unconformably overlain by the Holocene tidal deposits within the macrotidal coastal zone of Youngjong Island, western coast of Korea. The rhythmites occur as vertically accreted, parallel and planar laminae that are 0.1-2.5 mm in thickness. Each lamina grades from coarse silt (mean grain size: 5-6.5 ${\phi}$) at the lower part into fine silt to mud (mean grain size: 6-7.5 ${\phi}$) at the upper part. The rhythmites can be classified into two types based on the patterns in laminar thickness variation. Type I is a bundle of 12-20 laminae in which laminar thickness varies sinusoidally. Type ll is an alternation of thick and thin laminae as a couplet. Type I is inferred as a product of varying tidal energy during a semimonthly (neap-spring) tidal cycle, in which thicker laminae were deposited during spring tides and thinner laminae were formed during neap tides. Type ll is interpreted to have been formed by asymmetric semidiurnal tidal currents in association with diurnal inequality, whereby thick lamina of each couplet represents dominant tidal current and the thin lamina reflects subordinate tidal current.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Flow and pollution load were monitored at 2 combined sewer outlets (C-1 and C-2) of urban watersheds during dry weather from September, 2004 to April, 2006 for 20 months. The objectives were to investigate the diurnal variation of flow and pollutant load and to find the proper sampling time that could measure representative flow and pollutant load. Pollution load closed to the average daily load at C-1 could be measured at 00:00 hour and by the mean of 15:00 and 18:00 hour measures, and 15:00 and 21:00 hour measures, respectively. In addition at C-2, it was 21:00 hour and the mean of 15:00 and 18:00 hour measures. This study concluded that arbitrary sampling of flow and water quality could cause large errors in the estimation of urban pollution load and recommended that urban combined sewers should be monitored when flow and water quality showed daily average and concentration.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권5_1호
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• pp.735-747
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• 2020

본 연구는 청천일 조건에서 직접적 보정 방식으로 산정한 반사율 및 식생지수의 일주기 변화를 분석하여 시계열 작황 모니터링을 위한 무인비행체 영상의 특성을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 무인기에 다중분광센서를 장착하여 청천일이었던 2020년 3월 23일과 3월 24일에 반사율 보정용 반사판, 콘크리트 및 작물 시험구를 대상으로 시간대별, 비행경로별 항공영상을 촬영하여 직접적 방식으로 반사율을 산정하고 작물 시험구를 대상으로 식생지수를 계산하여 비교하였다. 반사율 보정용 반사판, 콘크리트 및 작물 시험구의 무인기 영상 반사율은 시간대 및 비행경로별로 일정한 변화 경향을 보이지 않을 뿐 아니라 일간 재현성 있는 값을 보이지 않아 시계열적으로 비교·활용 하는 것에는 한계가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 작물 시험구의 NDVI는 값이 높을수록 일중 및 일간 변동성이 적었으며 식생의 활력이 부족한 식생 제어 시험구에서도 일 중 5% 미만의 변동계수를 보여 반사율과 달리 대체로 일정한 값을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 3월 23일과 3월 24일 동일한 시간대에 촬영한 무인기 영상으로 산정한 NDVI의 평균 절대 오차도 0.76~3.97%의 범위를 보여 시계열 작황모니터링에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1989

Atmospheric gaseous mercury was automatically measured by a mercury air monitor (Mercury monitor AM-1). The sample air was led to a scrubber and washed with buffer solution, and mercury was trapped with gold coated chromosorb P(AW) was successively eluted by heating the chromosorb and then detected by the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. $SO_2, TSP, NO_x, CO, THC$. and some of meteorological factors were also measured simultaneously with mercury. A significant correlation between the concentration of mercury and those of 2,513 measurements, gaseous mercury concentration ranged from 4.73 to 112.8 $ng/m^3$ with an annual mean of 14.7$ng/m^3$ in urban area. At this place there was a clear seasonal variation with a maximuminDecember-January and aminimum in March-June. A secondary maximum existed in August to September. THe seasonal variation was found that the gaseous mercury in ambient air has a tendency to become low in spring and high in winter. Namely, the average of concentration in winter was about two times, 19.2 $ng/m^3$, higher than that in spring. In Seoul mercury levels on some months mainly Septermber-October increase with increasing relative humidity of the atmosphere. In Olympic park air levels were 8.2 (range 4.4-23.7)$ng/m^3$ with an coefficients of variation of 0.34 and in Seoul sports complex those were 7.7 (rnage 4.4-25.5) $ng/m^3$ with an coefficients of variation of 0.38 within the Seoul olympiad holding period of time. A significant diurnal mercury variation occurs both at the measuring sites and in the period of observation.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.889-902
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System)와 GLEAM (Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model) 증발산량의 적정성을 평가하기 위해 설마천 유역에서 관측된 에디공분산 기반의 잠열 플럭스를 검증자료로 활용하였다. 잠열 플럭스로부터 증발산량을 산정하기 위해 Koflux 프로그램으로 자료처리하였으며, 자료처리 후 발생된 빈구간을 보충(Gap-filling)하기 위해 FAO-PM (Food and Agriculture Organization-Penman Monteith), 평균 일변동(Mean Diurnal Variation, MDV), 칼만 필터(Kalman Filter)의 3가지 방법으로 대체 증발산량을 산정하였다. 본 연구에서는 3가지 방법 중 칼만 필터(Kalman Filter) 기반의 증발산량이 우수한 Bias와 RMSE를 보여 자료보충 방법으로 채택하였다. 공간증발산량은 GLDAS의 경우 Noah (version 2.1, 3시간, 공간해상도 0.25°)로 추출하였으며 GLEAM의 경우는 GLEAM(version 3.1a, 1일, 공간해상도 0.25°)를 이용하였다. GLDAS와 GLEAM의 공간증발산량을 에디공분산 기반의 증발산량으로 적정성을 평가한 결과, GLDAS의 증발산량이 에디공분산 기반과 비교적 적정한 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2000

1999년 7월부터 2000년 7월까지 대전지역에서 전알파/베타 대기부유진 연속모니터링 시스템과 기상측정 시스템을 이용하여 대기중 라돈자핵종 농도에 대한 시간별, 일별, 계절별 변동특성을 조사하였으며 동시에 기상인자가 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 대기중 라돈자핵종의 일일평균 평형등가농도$(EEC_{Rn})$ 분포는 산술평균 $11.8{\pm}5.86Bqm^{-3}$ 과 기하평균 $10.3{\pm}4.57Bqm^{-3}$이었으며 일일 평균농도의 변동계수는 약 50%정도이었다. 매 30분마다 측정한 라돈자핵종의 평형등가농도는 최소 $0.80Bqm^{-3}$에서 최대 $43.3Bqm^{-3}$ 까지 하루 중 측정시간과 그때의 기상조건에 따라 변하였으나, 일일변동의 양상은 일출시점과 일몰시점에서 각각 최고농도와 최저농도를 반복하는 주기적인 양상을 보였다. 대전지역에서의 평형등가농도는 계절적으로 여름철이 낮고 늦가을이 높은 변동양상을 보여주었으나, 대기중 라돈자핵종 농도의 계절적 변동양상은 측정지역에 따라 달라질 수도 있을 것으로 예상된다. 대기중의 라돈자핵종 농도는 그 지역의 국지적 기상특성에 크게 좌우되었다. 특히 풍속이 $6msec^{-1}$ 이상이 되면 대기중의 라돈자핵종 농도는 $5Bqm^{-3}$이하로 급격히 떨어지는 반면에 대기중의 라돈자핵종 농도가 $30Bqm^{-3}$ 이상인 날은 풍속이 $1msec^{-1}$ 이하의 매우 고요한 날이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2009

In an effort to examine the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS ver. 4.3) to the initial meteorological input data, detailed observational data of NOAA satellite SST (Sea Surface Temperature) was employed. The NOAA satellite SST which is currently provided daily as a seven-day mean value with resolution of 0.1 $^{\circ}$ grid spacing was used instead of the climatologically derived monthly mean SST using in RAMS. In addition, the RAMS SST data must be changed new one because it was constructed in 1993. For more realistic initial meteorological fields, the NOAA satellite SST was incorporated into the RAMS-preprocess package named ISentropic Analysis package (ISAN). When the NOAA SST data was imposed to the initial condition of prognostic RAMS model, the resultant performance of near surface atmospheric fields was discussed and compared with that of default option of SST. We got the good results that the new SST data was made in a standard RAMS format and showed the detailed variation of SST. As the modeling grid became smaller, the SST differences of the NOAA SST run and the RAMS SST43 (default) run in diurnal variation were very minor but this research can apply to further study for the realistic SST situation and the development in predicting regional atmospheric field which imply the regional circulation due to differential surface heating between sea and land or climatological phenomenon.

• 대기
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

In this study, we have analyzed the radiative characteristics of erythemal ultraviolet-B (EUV-B from 1999 to 2005) over the Korean Peninsula. EUV-B measured at Gangneung, Anmyondo, Mokpo, and Gosan represents the measurements from clean areas and that at Seoul represents from a polluted area. The magnitudes of EUV-B increase in proportion to the latitudinal decrease. Monthly mean variation of EUV-B at noon shows the maximum value of $158.5mWm^{-2}$ in August and the minimum value of $36.4mWm^{-2}$ in December in the clean areas. Seasonal mean diurnal variation of EUV-B shows a peak around noon (12:00 ~ 13:00 hr) and its intensity varies along with a season in order of summer > spring > fall > winter. The maximum value of $56.4mWm^{-2}$ in summer is three times higher than that in winter ($14.3mWm^{-2}$). The value of EUV-B in the polluted area is lower than that in the clean areas, resulting from the effects of the blocking, reflection, and scattering of EUV-B due to high concentrations of PM10. UV-B is an essential element to synthesize vitamin D in human body. 200 IU(International Unite) of vitamin D can be formed by an exposure of 6-10% of body surface area to 0.5 MED(Minimal Erythemal Dose). In order to form vitamin D, the calculated exposure times to EUV-B are 15 min. in spring, 12 min. in summer, 18 min. in fall, and 37 min. in winter for the clean areas and 16, 16, 24, and 37 min. for the polluted area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1213-1226
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• 2013

$PM_{10}$ concentration is related to the meteorological variables including to local and synoptic meteorology. In this study the $PM_{10}$ concentrations of Busan in 2007~2011 were analyzed and the days of yellow sand or rainfall which is more than 5 mm were excluded. The sections of $PM_{10}$ concentration were divided according to 10-quantiles, quartiles and 90-quantiles. The 90-quantiles of daily $PM_{10}$ concentration were selected as high concentration dates. In the high concentration dates the daily mean averaged cloudness, mean daily surface wind speed, daily mean surface pressure and PBL height were low and diurnal variation of surface pressure and daily maximum surface temperature were high. When the high $PM_{10}$ dates occurred, the west and south wind blew on the ground and the west wind blew strongly on the 850 hPa. So it seemed that long range transboundary air pollutants made effects on the high concentration dates. The cluster analysis using Hysplit model which is the backward trajectory was made on the high concentration dates. As a result, 3 clusters were extracted and on the short range transboundary cluster the daily mean relative humidity and cloudness were high and PBL height was low.