• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to get a data which can provide a basis for future direction in nutritional education and to build up right eating habit and to find the way how to improve food life and the nutritional supply by evaluating the current nutritional intake of average middle school girls through the survey study of their daily food intakes and physical status. The survey of nutritional intakes and physical status in two girls middle schools, namely Jang'hung girls middle school at Jang'hung Up and Bo'song girls middle school at Bo'song Up, were carried by teachers majoring in Home Economics and nurse-teachers from 5 July to 7 July 1983. From a total of 1080 subjects of two girls middle schools, 887 subjects were surveyed. The results obtained from survey are summarized as follow: 1) Physical Status Average height, weight and chest girth of subjects in both middle schools were much lower than the Korean average standard (p<0.005${\sim}$p<0.001) and t-score of differences between two middle school girls were not significant. Rohrer index, nutrition rate and physique rate were also lower than Korean averag standard through all the ages in both girls middle schools. Menarche appeared mainly between the age of 13 to 15 (91.55 %), with a mean age of 14 (35. 01 %) and which was experienced by the subjects of 51.52 percentage among total surveyed Iniddlf school girls. 2) Nutritional Intakes The average daily intakes of all nutrient except iron, vitamin A, thiamin, ascorbic acid and niacin was lower than Korean Recommanded Dietary Allowances (RDA) . Especially average intake of calorie and calcium were much lower than Korean RDA(p<0.001) while average intake of thiamine and ascorbic acid were much higher than Korean RDA (p<0.001). T-score of differences of iron, thiamin, riboflavin between two middle school girls were very significant (p<0.001). Generally iron and riboflavin were the highest rate of intakes through three meals and breakfast took charge of considerable amount of all nutrient intake without omitting anything (about 30 % of daily nutrient intake). The nutrients of which ratio of nutrient intake by snack was more than 16.7 % were vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid etc. and snack foods which were intake frequently in both middle school girls commonly were fruits, milk and milk products, bread and biscuits in sequence. 3) Correlations and t-score between physical status, menarche and nutrient intakes. Average intake of calorie at Jang'hung area was positively correlated with height, weight, nutrition rate and physique rate and this correlation was very significant (p<0.005). Average intake of calorie was also correlated with chest girth and Rohrer index (P<0.05). At Bo'song area, averse intake of riboflavin was negatively correlated with all the items of physical status (p<0.05-p<0.005), vitamin A was negatively correlated with chest girth and Rohrer index (p<0.05 respectively) and thiamin was also negatively correlated with chest girth, Rohrer index and nutrition rate (p<0.05 respectively). Especially niacin showed a negative cor-relation with all the items of physical status very significantly (p<0.005).The time of menarche showed a positive correlation with iron in both middle school girls commonly P<0.05 at Jang'hung, p<0.10 at Bo'song).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.206-225
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• 2012

General status of pediatric dentistry in Korea is to conduct vigorous academic activities and specialized medical care centering the Korean Association of Pediatric Dentistry (KAPD) that has about 1,000 pediatric dentists as members, pediatric dentistry departments of 11 Colleges of Dentistry, numbers of pediatric dentistry training institutions and private clinics specialized in children. From 1996, the accredited pediatric dentists were produced by the KAPD and from 2008, the state began to produce the accredited pediatric dentists. Since then, doctors with expertise in pediatric care had opened private clinics in addition to the university hospitals, it became the basis of a momentum to deepen the specialty of pediatric dentistry. The Dentistry community of Korea is going through rapid and profound changes recently, and the underlying reasons for such changes can be classified largely into a few categories: (1) Decreasing population and structural changes in population (2) Increase in numbers of dentists, (3) Changes in the pattern of dental diseases and (4) Changes in medical environment. In Korea, the children population in the age range of 0 ~ 14 years old had been decreased by 2 million in 2010 compared to that of 2000 due to reduction of birth rate. The current population of children in the age range of 0 ~ 4 years old in 2010 takes up 16.2% of the total population, but it is estimated that such percentage would decrease to 8.0% by 2050. Such percentage is largely behind the estimated mean global population of 19.6% by 2050. On the other hand, the number of dentists had been largely increased from 18,000 in 2000 to 25,000 in 2010. And it is estimated that the number will be increased to 41,000 by 2030. In addition, the specialized personnel of Pediatric dentistry had been shown as increased by 2.5 times during past 10 years. For the changes in the pattern of dental diseases, including dental caries, each df rate of 5 years old children and 12 years old children had been decreased by 21.9% and 16.7% respectively in 2010 compared to 2000. Each df Index also had been decreased by 2.5 teeth and 1.2 teeth respectively. The medical expenditure of Korea is less than that of OECD and more specifically, the expenditure from the National Health Plan is less than OECD but the expenditure covered by households is larger than OECD. These facts indicate that it is considered as requiring the coverage of the national health plan to be reinforced more in the future and as such reinforcement needs continuous promotion. In medical examination pattern of Pediatric dentistry, the preventive and corrective treatment were increased whereas the restorative treatment was decreased. It is considered that such change is caused from decrease of dental caries from activation of the prevention project at national level. For the restorative treatment, the restorations in use of dental amalgam, pre-existing gold crowning and endodontic treatment had been decreased in their proportion while the restorative treatment in use of composite resin had been increased. It is considered that such changes is caused by the change of demands from patients and family or guardians as they desired more aesthetic improvement along with socio-economic growth of Korean society. Due to such changes in dentistry, the pediatric dentistry in Korea also attempts to have changes in the patterns of medical examination as follows; It tends to implement early stage treatment through early diagnosis utilizing various diagnostic tools such as FOTI or QLF. The early stage dental caries so called white spot had been included in the subjects for dental care or management and in order to do so, the medical care guidelines essentially accompanied with remineralization treatment as well as minimally invasive treatment is being generalized gradually. Also, centering the Pediatric dentists, the importance of caries risk assessment is being recognized, in addition that the management of dental caries is being changed from surgical approach to internal medicinal approach. Recently, efforts began to emerge in order to increase the target patients to be managed by dentists and to expand the application scope of Pediatric dentistry along with through such changes. The interest and activities of Pediatric dentists which had been limited to the medical examination room so far, is now being expanded externally, as they put efforts for participating in the preventive policy making process of the community or the state, and to support the political theories. And also opinions are being collected into the direction that the future- oriented strategic political tasks shall be selected and researches as well as presentations on the theoretical rationale of such tasks at the association level.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2001

목 적 : 일상생활에서 하루 밤의 수면박탈은 흔히 있을 수 있다. 저자들은 전산화 신경인지검사를 통하여 38시간의 수면 박탈이 상지의 미세 운동수행능력에 어떠한 변화를 주는지를 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 고려대학교 의과대학에 재학중인 학생중 정신적, 신체적으로 건강한 지원자 24명(M:F=21:3, mean age : $24.67{\pm}1.37$)을 대상으로 하였으며 모두 오른 손잡이었다. 또한 수면일지를 작성하게 하여 평소에 수면부족을 보이는 군은 배제하였다. Vienna Test System에서 나타날 수 있는 학습효과를 최소화하기 위하여 검사 하루 전에 미리 같은 검사를 시행하였다. 검사 전날 밤에 피험자들은 충분한 수면을 취하였으며, 검사 당일 오전 6시경에 기상하였다. 실험 첫날 오전 6시부터 다음날 오후 8시까지 38시간동안 수면을 박탈하였으며, 검사 첫날과 둘째 날의 오전 7시와 오후 7시, 총 4차례 Vienna Test System중 Motor Performance Series를 시행하였다. 실험기간 중에 모든 피험자에게 수면에 영향을 줄 수 있는 약물의 복용은 금지되었으며, 과도한 운동도 금지되었다. 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 피험자당 4회 시행한 검사 결과를 Repeated ANOVA를 시행하였으며, 일중리듬을 고려하여 각 아침, 저녁 session끼리의 검사 결과를 paired t-test를 시행하여서 비교하였다. 결 과 : Motor Performance Series에서 수면박탈에 따라서 상지의 오른손의 운동 기능에 있어 수행능력의 저하가 나타났다. 각 소검사를 보면 tapping의 total number(p<.005), line tracking의 number of misses(p<.05), length of misses (p<.05), inserting short pin의 total length(p<.01), inserting long pin의 total length(p<.05), aiming의 number of misses (p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 기능의 저하가 나타났다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과는 38시간의 수면박탈만으로도 유의미한 운동기능의 저하가 나타난다는 것을 보여준 것이며, 특히 가장 예민하게 미세 운동기능을 발휘할 수 있는 우세한 오른손에서 기능저하가 나타났다. Inserting long pin보다는 inserting short pin 검사에서 기능이 저하되었고, line tracking, aiming에서 검사 결과의 수행 저하가 두드러진 것으로 보아서, 미세한 운동기능일수록 영향을 많이 받는다고 할 수 있겠으며, line tracking에서 전체 검사 시간은 감소되며, 수행에서 실수가 늘어난 것으로 보아, 수면박탈에 따라서 조급한 수행이 이루어진다고 보여진다. 또한 주어진 32초간의 시간 안에 최대한의 속도로 펜을 두드리는 tapping 검사에서 두드러진 저하를 보인 점에서, 수면박탈에 의하여 근육의 피로가 쉽게 나타난다고 생각 할 수 있겠다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2012

배 경: 본 연구에서는 주요 우울장애와 불면증이 각각 신체화 증상에 미치는 영향을 알아보려고 하였다. 방 법: 심각한 신체질환이 없는 181명의 성인(남자 73명, 여자 108명, 평균연령 $41.59{\pm}8.92$세)이 연구에 참여하였다. 정신과적 진단평가를 위한 구조화 면담과 불면증의 국제진단 분류를 근거로 주요우울장애와 불면증을 각각 진단하였다. 이를 기준으로 연구 대상을 1) 정상 대조군(n=127), 2) 일차성 불면증군(n=11), 3) 불면증상이 없는 우울증군(n=14), 4) 불면증상이 있는 우울증군(n=29) 이상 4개군으로 나누었다. 각 군의 신체화 증상 정도를 평가하기 위해 간이정신건강진단검사(Symptom Checklist-90, SCL-90)의 신체화 증상 차원의 12문항을 자가 작성하게 하였다. 결 과: 각 군의 신체화 증상 척도 점수는 서로 유의한 차이가 있었다(F=25.30, p<0.001). 불면증상이 있는 우울증군은 정상 대조군(p<0.001), 일차성 불면증군(p=0.01), 불면증상이 없는 우울증군(p<0.001)에 비해 모두 신체화 증상 척도 점수가 높았다. 일차성 불면증군은 정상 대조군에 비해 신체화 증상 척도 점수가 높았다(p<0.01). 그러나 불면증이 없는 우울증 환자의 신체화 척도 점수는 정상 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 다중 회귀분석에서 불면증은 신체화 증상척도 점수를 유의하게 예측하였으나(beta=0.44, p<0.001), 주요 우울증은 통계적으로는 유의하지 않은 경향성만을 보여주었다(beta=0.14, p=0.08). 결 론: 불면증은 주요 우울증 유무와 독립적으로 신체화 증상과의 관계를 보였다. 일차성 불면증이 있는 경우 신체화 증상이 심했으며, 우울증이 있는 환자에서도 불면증이 동반된 경우에만 신체화 증상이 심했다. 이러한 결과들은 불면증상이 신체화 증상과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 1962

1) 장령기(狀齡期)에 가까운 리기다소나무 임분(林分)에 대(對)한 맹아갱신(萌芽更新)의 가능성(可能性)을 실험(實驗)함과 동시(同時)에 맹아갱신임목(萌芽更新林木)과 같은 환경하(環境下)에 자라는 같은 연령(年齡)의 실생수(實生樹)와의 생장(生長)을 비교(比較)하였다. 2) 연령(年齡)20년(年) 평균흉고직경(平均胸高直徑) 14cm의 리기다소나무 임분(林分)(0.1ha)을 근주(根株)의 높이를 20cm로 하여 개벌(皆伐)한 결과(結果) 60%의 맹아발생율(萌芽發生率)을 얻었다. 3) 일근주당(一根株當) 맹아발생수(萌芽發生數)는 40~80개(個) (최고(最高) 412)었으나 점차(漸次) 도복고사(倒伏枯死)하고 맹아연령(萌芽年齡)이 3년(年)이 될 때에는 일근주당(一根株當) 4~5개식(個式)의 발아(發芽)가 남았었는데 그중(中) 건전(健全)한 맹아일주(萌芽一株)민 남기고 다른것은 제거(除去)했다. 4) 맹아(萌芽)는 점차(漸次) 생장(生長)함에 따라서 모수근주(母樹根株) 둘레를 새로운 조직(組織)으로 둘러쌓기 시작(始作)함과 동시(同時)에 새로운 뿌리가 형성(形成)되어 마침내 실생수(實生樹)와 같이 되었는데 맹아연령(萌芽年齡)이 13년(年)이 되는 때에는 원근주(原根株)는 완전(完全)히 고사(枯死)되었으며 그 당시(當時)의 맹아(萌芽)로 갱신(更新)된 임목(林木)의 평균흉고직경(平均胸高直徑)이 9.7cm(o.b.)평균수고(平均樹高)가 5.5m였다. 5) 맹아갱신임목(萌芽更新林木)의 연령(年齡)이 13년(年)인 때에 수고재적(樹高材積) 흉고직경(胸高直徑) 흉고단면적등(胸高斷面績等)의 총생장량(總生長量) 및 평균생장량(平均生長量)에 있어선 맹아갱신임목(萌芽更新林木)이 실생수(實生樹)에 비(比)하여 상위(上位)에 놓여있으나 연년생장량(連年生長量)은 10년(年)을 전후(前後)하여 실생수(實生樹)가 앞서고 있다. 그리고 1~4년(年)때를 제외(除外)한 모든 생장률(生長率)에 있어서도 실생수(實生樹)가 항상(恒常) 큰 값을 나타내고 있었다. 이상(以上)에 의(依)하여 다음과 같이 결론(結論)할 수 있다. 1) 리기다소나무 맹아갱신(萌芽更新)에 있어서 절단면(切斷面)의 높이는 지면(地面)에 가까운 것이 좋다. 2) 충분(充分)한 광선(光線)만 받으면 장령기(狀齡期)에 가까운 (20년생(年生))리기다소나무도 맹아갱신(萌芽更新)이 가능(可能)하다. 3) 맹아(萌芽)로 갱신(更新)된 리기다소나무의 생장(生長)은 10년(年)까지는 동일수종(同一樹種)의 실생수(實生樹)보다 우세(優勢)하다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2009

This study proviedes GARCH model(Bollerslev, 1986) to analyze the structural characteristics of price volatility in domestic aquacultural fish market of Korea. As a case study, flatfish and rock-fish are analyzed as major species with relatively high portion in an aspect of production volume among fish captured in Korea. For analyzing, this study uses daily market data (dating from Jan 1 2000 to June 30, 2008) published by the Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market which is located in Seoul of Korea. This study performs normality test on trading volume and price volatility of flatfish and rock-fish as an advanced empirical approach. The normality test adopted is Jarque-Bera test statistic. As a result, first, a null hypothesis that "an empirical distribution follows normal distribution" was rejected in both fishes. The distribution of daily market data of them were not only biased toward positive(+) direction in terms of kurtosis and skewness, but also characterized by leptokurtic distribution with long right tail. Secondly, serial correlations were found in data on market trading volume and price volatility of two species during very long period. Thirdly, the results of unit root test and ARCH-LM test showed that all data of time series were very stationary and demonstrated effects of ARCH. These statistical characteristics can be explained as a reasonable ground for supporting the fitness of GARCH model in order to estimate conditional variances that reveal price volatility in empirical analysis. From empirical data analysis above, this study drew the following conclusions. First of all, from an empirical analysis on potential effects of seasonality and the day of week on price volatility of aquacultural fish, Monday effects were found in both species and Thursday and Friday effects were also found in flatfish. This indicates that Monday is effective in expanding price volatility of aquacultural fish market and also Monday has higher effects upon the price volatility of fish than other days of week have since it has more new information for weekend. Secondly, the empirical analysis led to a common conclusion that there was very high price volatility of flatfish and rock-fish. This points out that the persistency parameter($\lambda$), an index of possibility for current volatility to sustain similarly in the future, was higher than 0.8-equivalently nearly to 1-in both flatfish and rock-fish, which presents volatility clustering. Also, this study estimated and compared and model that hypothesized normal distributions in order to determine fitness of respective models. As a result, the fitness of GARCH(1, 1)-t model was better than model where the distribution of error term was hypothesized through-distribution due to characteristics of fat-tailed distribution, was also better than model, as described in the results of basic statistic analysis. In conclusion, this study has an important mean in that it was introduced firstly in Korea to investigate in price volatility of Korean aquacultural fishery products, although there was partially a limited of official statistic data. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study will be useful as a reference material for making and assessing governmental policies. Also, it is looked forward that the results will be helpful to build a fishery business plan as and aspect of producer, and also to take timely measures to potential price fluctuations of fishery products in market. Hence, it is advisable that further studies related to such price volatility in fishery market will extend and evolve into a wider variety of articles and issues in near future.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2003

Statement of Problem: Recently, resin cements have become more widely used and have been accepted as prominent luting cements. Current resin cements exhibit less microleakage than conventional luting cements. However, the constant contact with water and exposure to occlusal forces increase microleakage even in resin cements inevitably. Most bonding resins have been modified to contain a hydrophilic resin such as 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) to overcome some of the problems associated with the hydrophobic nature of bonding resins. By virtue of these modifications, bonding resins absorb a significant amount of water, and there may also be significant stresses at bonding interfaces, which may adversely affect the longevity of restorations. Therefore the reinforcement of water stability of resin cement is indispensable in future study. Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the influence of water retention on microleakage of two resin cements over the period of 6 months. Materials and Methods: 32 extracted human teeth were used to test the microleakage of a single full veneer crown. Two resin cements with different components and adhesive properties - Panavia F (Kuraray Co., Osaka, Japan) and Super-Bond C&B (Sun Medical Co., Kyoto, Japan)- were investigated. The storage medium was the physiological saline solution changed every week for 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. One group was tested after storage for 1 day. At the end of the each storage period, all specimens were exposed to thermocycling from $5^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$ of 500 cycles and chewing simulation of 50,000 cycles, and then stained with 50% silver nitrate solution. The linear penetration of microleakage was measured using a stereoscopic microscope at ${\times}40$ magnification and a digital traveling micrometer with an accuracy of ${\pm}3{\mu}m$. Values were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range tests (DMRT). Results : Statistically significant difference of microleakage was shown in the 3-month group compared with the1-day or 1-month group in both systems (p<0.05) and there were statistically significant differences in microleakage between the 3-month group and the 6-month group in both systems (p<0.05). The two systems showed different tendency in the course of increased microleakage during 3 months. In Panavia F, microleakage increased slowly throughout the periods. In Super-Bond C&B, there was no significant increase of microleakage for 1 month, but there was statistically significant increase of microleakage for the next 2 months. For the mean microleakage for each period, in the 3-month group, microleakage of Super-Bond C&B was significantly greater than that of Panavia F. On the other hand, in the 6-month group, microleakage of Panavia F was significantly greater than that of Super-Bond C&B (p<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, water retention of two different bonding systems influence microleakage of resin cements. Further studies with the longer observation periods in viro are required in order to investigate water stability and the bonding durability of the resin cement. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Microleakage at the Cement-tooth interfaces did not necessarily result in the failure of the crowns. But it is considered to be a major factor influening the longerity of restorations. Further clinical approaches for decreasing the amount of microleakage are required.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.299-309
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• 1999

The composite resin, due to its esthetic qualities, is considered the material of choice for restoration of anterior teeth. With respect to shade control, the direct-placement resin composites offer some distinct advantages over indirect restorative procedures. Visible-light-cured (VLC) composites allow dentists to match existing tooth shades or to create new shades and to evaluate them immediately at the time of restoration placement. Optimal intraoral color control can be achieved if optical changes occurring during application are minimized. An ideal VLC composite, then, would be one which is optically stable throughout the polymerization process. The shade guides of the resin composites are generally made of plastic, rather than the actual composite material, and do not accurately depict the true shade, translucency, or opacity of the resin composite after polymerization. So the numerous problems associated with these shade guides lead to varied and sometimes unpredictable results. The aim of this study was to assess the color changes of current resin composite restorative materials which occur as a result of the polymerization process and to compare the color differences between the shade guides provided with the products and the actual resin composites before- and after-polymerization. The results obtained from this investigation should provide the clinician with information which may aid in improved color match of esthetic restoration. Five light activated, resin-based materials (${\AE}$litefil, Amelogen Universal, Spectrum TPH VeridonFil-Photo, and Z100) and shade guides were used in this study. Three specimens of each material and shade combination were made. Each material was condensed inside a 1.5mm thick metal mold with 10mm diameter and pressed between glass plates. Each material was measured immediately before polymerization, and polymerized with Curing Light XL 3000 (3M Dental products, USA) visible light-activation unit for 60 seconds at each side. The specimens were then polished sequentially on wet sandpaper. Shade guides were ground with polishing stones and rubber points (Shofu) to a thickness of approximately 1.5mm. Color characteristics were performed with a spectrophotometer (CM-3500d, Minolta Co., LTD). A computer-controlled spectrophotometer was used to determine CIELAB coordinates ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) of each specimen and shade guide. The CIELAB measurements made it possible to evaluate the amount of the color difference values (${\Delta}E{^*}ab$) of resin composites before the polymerization process and shade guides using the post-polishing color of the composite as a control, CIE standard D65 was used as the light source. The results were as follows. 1. Each of the resin composites evaluated showed significant color changes during light-curing process. All the resin composites evaluated except all the tested shades of 2100 showed unacceptable level of color changes (${\Delta}E{^*}ab$ greater than 3.3) between pre-polymerization and post-polishing state. 2. Color differences between most of the resin composites tested and their corresponding shade guides were acceptable but those between C2 shade of ${\AE}$litefil and IE shade of Amelogen Universal and their respective shade guides exceeded what is acceptable. 3. Comparison of the mean ${\Delta}E{^*}ab$ values of materials revealed that Z100 showed the least overall color change between pre-polymerization and post-polishing state followed by ${\AE}$litefil, VeridonFil-Photo, Spectrum TPH, and Amelogen Universal in the order of increasing change and Amelogen Universal. Spectrum TPH, 2100, VeridonFil-Photo and ${\AE}$litefil for the color differences between actual resin and shade guide. 4. In the clinical environment, the shade guide is the better choice than the shade of the actual resin before polymerization when matching colors. But, it is recommended that custom shade guides be made from resin material itself for better color matching.

• 지질공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

본 연구는 2000년 시드니올림픽사이트의 해안가를 따라 인위적인 매립으로 인한 지하수 내 수리화학적인 특징을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 올림픽게임지역을 3개의 지역, 즉 간척지역(reclaimed area, 과거에는 강구하였으나 폐기물로 매립되어 있으며 현재는 조수간만 보다 높은 지역), 매립지역(landfill area, 해수면 위에 폐기물을 매립한 지역), 그리고 자연 상태지역(non-infilled area, 폐기물의 매립이 전혀 없었던 지역))으로 나누어 조사하였다. 또한 시추공 심도별로 심부시추공, 천부시추공 및 스텐드파이프로 구분하여 상대적인 농도들의 거동을 상오 비교하였다. 그 결과 간척지역 내 지하수는 Na, K 그리고 Mg 이온이 지배적이지만 매립지역은 Na 그리고 K가 지배적인 이온이다. 또한 간척지역 및 자연 상태지역의 지하수는 Mg 및 Ca 농축이 특징이지만, 매립지역은 K 및 $NO_3$의 농축이 특징이다. 그러나 시추공심도 별로 살펴보면 심부시추공 지하수는 Na와 Mg가 지배적이지만 천부시추공 및 스텐드파이프 지하수는 Na와 K가 지배적인 원소로 나타났다. 간척지역, 매립지역 그리고 자연 상태지역 지하수 내 전기전도도와 중금속 농도와는 명확한 상관관계를 보여 주지 않는다. 간척지역 및 자연 상태지역과 비교 시 매립지역 지하수의 Fe 및 Mn의 농도는 pH가 감소함에 따라 현저히 증가하는 양상을 보여준다. 심부시추공과 천부시추공 지하수 내 평균 전기전도도 값은 스텐드파이프보다 높지만 스텐드파이프 지하수 내 전기전도도 값의 최대 및 최소 값은 현저한 차이를 보이는데 이는 국부적인 공동의 영향으로 사료된다. 심부시추공, 천부시추공, 그리고 스텐드파이프 지하수 내 pH 대비 중금속(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr) 농도사이의 상관관계는 없었지만 이들 지하수 내 Fe와 Mn은 pH가 감소하면 농도가 증가하는 양상을 보여준다. 지하수 내 농축된 중금속 농도는 매립된 폐기물의 성상과 밀접한 관계를 보이며 해안가를 따라 매립되어 있는 지역의 토양 내 중금속의 용출은 주변 환경에 대한 잠재적인 환경위험을 결정 시 중요한 역할을 한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

생태계서비스중 문화서비스 측면에서 억새경관 보전 가치를 경제적으로 추정하기 위해 부산 도심지에 위치한 승학산과 경남지역 억새명산으로 유명한 화왕산 및 재약산을 조사 대상지로 선정하였다. 각 대상지의 탐방객들을 대상으로 억새경관보전가치에 대한 지불의사액을 설문조사한 후, 수집된 지불의사액(Willingness To Pay)으로부터 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 이용해 각 대상지의 1인당 억새경관의 경제적 가치를 평가하였으며, 카이제곱검정으로 대상지간 차이를 분석한 후, 변수별 상관관계도 알아보았다. 억새경관보전에 대한 지불의사액은 응답자의 소득이 높을수록 높게 나타났으며, 일상생활에서 환경보전노력을 많이 할수록 높게 나타났다. 제시액이 높을수록 "예"의 응답은 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 각각의 투입된 변수로 추출된 계수를 이용하여 추정한 1인당 억새경관가치에 대한 평가는 승학산(38,277원), 화왕산(38,648원), 재약산(48,891원)으로 추정되었으며, 전체 평균 지불의사액은 38,679원으로 추정되었다. 이러한 억새경관의 경제적 가치는 영화 관람비나 놀이 공원입장료 등의 현 시세 물가와 비교하였을 때 탐방객들의 지불의사가 비교적 높다고 볼 수 있는데, 이는 탐방객들이 억새경관에 대해 자연이 제공하는 생태계서비스중 문화서비스(cultural services)의 측면에서 자연자산자원으로의 가치를 충분히 인지하고 있기 때문으로 판단할 수 있다.