• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권2_1호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2020

2015년 발사된 이후 KOMPSAT-3A 영상정보가 여러 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 그러나 실제 육상 환경의 분석에 필요한 지표 반사도를 얻을 수 있는 도구 개발이 이루어지지 않아서 식생 지수 산정 등과 같이 이러한 자료를 적용하는 과학적 분석과 응용 분야의 확산에는 한계가 있었다. 지표 반사도는 절대 대기 보정 처리 과정을 수행하여 얻어지는 성과물이다. 이 연구에서는 OTB 오픈 소스 확장 프로그램으로부터 KOMPSAT-3A 영상정보의 대기 반사도와 지표 반사도를 구하고, 국제 검보정 포털 RadCalNet에서 제공하는 대기 반사도와 지표 반사도 현장 측정 자료를 이용하여 정확도를 비교 검증하고자 한다. 또한 같은 지역의 Landsat-8 OLI 영상으로부터 지표 반사도를 구하고 비교 검증 실험에 같이 적용하였다. 검증 실험 결과로 KOMPSAT-3A 영상의 대기 반사도는 같은 분광대역에 해당하는 RadCalNet 자료의 평균값과 비교했을 때 0.00에서 1.00까지의 범위에서 최대 ± 0.02 차이가 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. KOMPSAT-3A 영상의 지표 반사도 산출 결과는 RadCalNet 자료와 0.02에서 0.04까지의 차이 값을 갖는 높은 일치도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과들은 KOMPSAT-3A 영상의 분석대기자료(Analysis Ready Data)로서의 활용 가능성을 증가시키는 기본 자료로 사용할 수 있다. 또한 이 연구에서 개발된 도구와 연구 방법은 향후 국토, 농업, 산림 활용을 위한 차세대 중형 위성 영상자료의 각 센서 모델에 맞는 확장 프로그램 개발과 검증에도 적용이 가능할 것으로 생각한다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2012

The decreased fertility is frequently thought to be problem of cattle production. However, studies figure out that number of these problems is related to bull factors especially in artificial insemination setting. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the fertility status of bull by their estimated relative conception rate of cows that were inseminated by frozen semen from Korean proven bulls. Here we use the non-return rate (NRR) to access the bull fertility whereas, the NRR was define as the proportion of bulls that semen were used to inseminate cows and the number of cows that did not return for another service within 60 days. The data from 54,388 artificial inseminations (AI) were analyzed from 88 KPN semen. The NRRs of highest and lowest fertile bull were 83.81 and 51.33%, respectively. And mean NRR was 68.27%. In comparison to previously reported study, our data shows 17.38% higher NRR and the absolute value of difference in 50%>NRR and 50%

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.743-776
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• 2012

본 연구는 메타분석을 기반으로 한 편익이전 방법과 자료 수집을 위하여 지리정보시스템(GIS: geographic information system)을 활용하여 쓰레기 매립지 선택을 위한 7개 후보지들의 사회적 비용을 추정하였다. 그리고 MA-1, MA-2, 직접편익전달 방법을 타당성(validity), 신뢰성(reliability) 관점에서 검토해 보았다. 타당성(validity)은 메타분석을 기반으로 한 편익이전에 의한 추정치와 원래의 값의 차이의 여부를 통계적으로 검정하는 것이고 신뢰성(reliability)은 추정치와 원래의 값의 % 차이의 절대값을 이용해서 유사성을 검토하는 것이다. 연구 결과는 쓰레기 매립지 선택을 위한 후보지들의 사회적 비용이 직접 비용에 비해서 상당히 크고 주변지역의 경제적 특성에 의해 큰 영향을 받을 수 있음을 보여준다. 그리고 타당성과 신뢰성의 기준으로 메타모형들은 직접적 편익이전에 비해서 선호된다는 것을 보여준다. 메타분석을 기본으로 한 편익이전 방법은 시간, 비용, 혹은 자료부족 때문에 직접적인 방법을 활용하기 어려운 경우 하나의 대안이 될 수 있다. GIS는 각 후보지의 특정 지역 내 자료를 수집하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2014

Purpose - In recent years, many firms have attempted various approaches to cope with the continual increase of aviation transportation. The previous research into freight charge forecasting models has focused on regression analyses using a few influence factors to calculate the future price. However, these approaches have limitations that make them difficult to apply into practice: They cannot respond promptly to small price changes and their predictive power is relatively low. Therefore, the current study proposes a freight charge-forecasting model using time series data instead a regression approach. The main purposes of this study can thus be summarized as follows. First, a proper model for freight charge using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which is mainly used for time series forecast, is presented. Second, a modified ARIMA model for freight charge prediction and the standard process of determining freight charge based on the model is presented. Third, a straightforward freight charge prediction model for practitioners to apply and utilize is presented. Research design, data, and methodology - To develop a new freight charge model, this study proposes the ARIMAC(p,q) model, which applies time difference constantly to address the correlation coefficient (autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation function) problem as it appears in the ARIMA(p,q) model and materialize an error-adjusted ARIMAC(p,q). Cargo Account Settlement Systems (CASS) data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) are used to predict the air freight charge. In the modeling, freight charge data for 72 months (from January 2006 to December 2011) are used for the training set, and a prediction interval of 23 months (from January 2012 to November 2013) is used for the validation set. The freight charge from November 2012 to November 2013 is predicted for three routes - Los Angeles, Miami, and Vienna - and the accuracy of the prediction interval is analyzed using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results - The result of the proposed model shows better accuracy of prediction because the MAPE of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model is 10% and the MAPE of ARIMAC is 11.2% for the L.A. route. For the Miami route, the proposed model also shows slightly better accuracy in that the MAPE of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model is 3.5%, while that of ARIMAC is 3.7%. However, for the Vienna route, the accuracy of ARIMAC is better because the MAPE of ARIMAC is 14.5% and the MAPE of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model is 15.7%. Conclusions - The accuracy of the error-adjusted ARIMAC model appears better when a route's freight charge variance is large, and the accuracy of ARIMA is better when the freight charge variance is small or has a trend of ascent or descent. From the results, it can be concluded that the ARIMAC model, which uses moving averages, has less predictive power for small price changes, while the error-adjusted ARIMAC model, which uses error correction, has the advantage of being able to respond to price changes quickly.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2006

해양에서 수온의 등온선 밀집 정도를 표준지수로 정량화하기 위해 선밀도 지수(line density index: LDI)를 개발하였다. 지수 값의 범위를 0에서 100까지 제한시킨 LDI의 개발과정에 대한 이론적 배경을 기술하였고, line의 총 길이가 해당 면적의 1/10를 넘지 못한다는 적용조건에 대한 타당성 검증도 수행하였다. LDI의 적용 실험을 위해 남해역에서 관측된 NOAA SST 자료를 이용하였다. GIS를 이용하여 SST 레스터 데이터로 부터 $0.1^{\circ}C$ 등온선 벡터 데이터를 선형화하고 단위격자 영역을 폴리곤으로 제작한 후 공간중첩을 통해 LDI를 계산하였다. 단위 영역의 크기가 LDI의 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 두 종류의 격자 크기를 설계하여 LDI의 통계량를 산출하고 정규성 검정을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 격자크기에 따라 LDI의 평균과 정규성 같은 고유특징은 변하지 않으나, 통계량 값의 범위, 분산, 표준편차 등은 변하였는데, 이는 수온전선 구조가 복잡하고 전선폭이 격자 영역보다 훨씬 작을 때 발생하는 문제임이 확인되었다. 또한, LDI와 수온 차(${\Delta}T^{\circ}C$) 와의 관계성을 분석하고 수온전선역의 수온 수평경도(${\Delta}T^{\circ}C/km$)를 선형회귀모델로부터 계산하여 기존 연구자들의 제시한 수온전선역에서의 수온 수평경도 값과도 비교하였다. 본 연구를 통해 새롭게 개발된 LDI가 지니는 의미는 해양환경에서 시 공간적인 변화에 따른 수온전선 형성 지역을 절대적인 지수치로 비교 가능함은 물론, 수온전선과 해양환경 또는 해양생물과의 관계를 정량적으로 분석할 수 있는 기반을 제시했다는 점이다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2016

Acuros XB advanced dose calculation algorithm (AXB, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) has been released recently and provided the advantages of speed and accuracy for dose calculation. For clinical use, it is important to investigate the dosimetric performance of AXB compared to the calculation algorithm of the previous version, Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Ten volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for each of the following cases were included: head and neck (H&N), prostate, spine, and lung. The spine and lung cases were treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) technique. For all cases, the dose distributions were calculated using AAA and two dose reporting modes in AXB (dose-to-water, $AXB_w$, and dose-to-medium, $AXB_m$) with same plan parameters. For dosimetric evaluation, the dose-volumetric parameters were calculated for each planning target volume (PTV) and interested normal organs. The differences between AAA and AXB were statistically calculated with paired t-test. As a general trend, $AXB_w$ and $AXB_m$ showed dose underestimation as compared with AAA, which did not exceed within -3.5% and -4.5%, respectively. The maximum dose of PTV calculated by $AXB_w$ and $AXB_m$ was tended to be overestimated with the relative dose difference ranged from 1.6% to 4.6% for all cases. The absolute mean values of the relative dose differences were $1.1{\pm}1.2%$ and $2.0{\pm}1.2%$ when comparing between AAA and $AXB_w$, and AAA and $AXB_m$, respectively. For almost dose-volumetric parameters of PTV, the relative dose differences are statistically significant while there are no statistical significance for normal tissues. Both $AXB_w$ and $AXB_m$ was tended to underestimate dose for PTV and normal tissues compared to AAA. For analyzing two dose reporting modes in AXB, the dose distribution calculated by $AXB_w$ was similar to those of AAA when comparing the dose distributions between AAA and $AXB_m$.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The accuracy of a gypsum model (GM), which was taken using a conventional silicone impression technique, was compared with that of a polyurethane model (PM), which was taken using an iTero$^{TM}$ digital impression system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary first molar artificial tooth was selected as the reference tooth. The GMs were fabricated through a silicone impression of a reference tooth, and PMs were fabricated by a digital impression (n=9, in each group). The reference tooth and experimental models were scanned using a 3 shape convince$^{TM}$ scan system. Each GM and PM image was superimposed on the registered reference model (RM) and 2D images were obtained. The discrepancies of the points registered on the superimposed images were measured and defined as GM-RM group and PM-RM group. Statistical analysis was performed using a Student's T-test (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. A comparison of the absolute value of the discrepancy revealed a significant difference between the two groups only at the occlusal surface. The GM group showed a smaller mean discrepancy than the PM group. Significant differences in the GM-RM group and PM-RM group were observed in the margins (point a and f), mesial mid-axial wall (point b) and occlusal surfaces (point c and d). CONCLUSION. Under the conditions examined, the digitally fabricated polyurethane model showed a tendency for a reduced size in the margin than the reference tooth. The conventional gypsum model showed a smaller discrepancy on the occlusal surface than the polyurethane model.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various exercise intensity on Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), and thyroid hormonal changes in trained (TR) and untrained (UT) people. The subject of the present study were divided into two groups and four periods: trained (TR; n=6) and untrained (UT; n=6) group. And the periods were divided as follows; Resting (R), Maximal (M), High intensity (H), and Low intensity (L). The percent body fat and RMR of all subjects were measured at every periods. The RMR was measured early in the morning following a 12-hour fast using MMX3B gas analyzer and blood sample were collected from the anticubital vein to investigate thyroid hormonal (T3, T4, Free T3, Free T4, & TSH) changes. All the RMR values were expressed as absolute value/BSA $(kcal/d/m^2)$. And We also analyzed mean energy expenditure for 30 minutes during and after different intensity exercise. There was significant difference in RMR among different intensity of exercise. in TR (p < .05) not in the UT group. however, there was no significant different percent body fat in TR and in UT group. In the energy expenditure, there was significant different between TR and UT in HEE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure), LEE (low intensity exercise energy expenditure), HEEPE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure post exercise) & LEEPE (low intensity exercise expenditure post exercise). In the hormonal level, there was significant different in T4 level in the TR group at H period and in T4, Free T3, & Free T4 levels in TR group at L period, however there was no significant different in the UT group. The present cross-sectional study was design to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity and RMR. The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (TR) and untrained (VI). The relationship among RMR, exercise intensity and percent body fat would best be investigated using MMX3B and body composition analyzer. Each subject completed measurement of percent body fat, RMR, hormone in the period of maximal oxygen uptake exercise (M), high intensity exercise (H), and low intensity exercise (L). From the results, Low intensity of exercise (L), there was a trend for an increased RMR (kcal/day) in the TR not for the UT. This is best explained not by the reduced percent body fat but by the highly induced energy expenditure (during exercise and post exercise energy expenditure) and increased T4, Free T3, and Free T4 hormonal levels in the low intensity exercise for the TR group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2020

Purpose: A stability-measuring device that utilizes damping capacity analysis (DCA) has recently been introduced in the field of dental implantology. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of this device by measuring the implant stability of ex vivo samples in comparison with a resonance frequency analysis (RFA) device. Methods: Six implant beds were prepared in porcine ribs using 3 different drilling protocols to simulate various implant stability conditions. Thirty-six pork ribs and 216 bone-level implants measuring 10 mm in height were used. The implant beds were prepared using 1 of the following 3 drilling protocols: 10-mm drilling depth with a 3.5-mm-diameter twist drill, 5-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill, and 10-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill. The first 108 implants were external-connection implants 4.0 mm in diameter, while the other 108 implants were internal-connection implants 4.3 mm in diameter. The peak insertion torque (PIT) during implant placement, the stability values obtained with DCA and RFA devices after implant placement, and the peak removal torque (PRT) during implant removal were measured. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the implant stability quotient (ISQ) results obtained using the RFA device at the medial, distal, ventral, and dorsal points were 0.997, 0.994, 0.994, and 0.998, respectively. The ICCs of the implant stability test (IST) results obtained using the DCA device at the corresponding locations were 0.972, 0.975, 0.974, and 0.976, respectively. Logarithmic relationships between PIT and IST, PIT and ISQ, PRT and IST, and PRT and ISQ were observed. The mean absolute difference between the ISQ and IST values on a Bland-Altman plot was -6.76 (-25.05 to 11.53, P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of ex vivo studies, measurements made using the RFA and DCA devices were found to be correlated under a variety of stability conditions.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2004

근육의 수의 수축에 의해 발생하는 근전도 신호는 다른 생체 신호보다는 비교적 출력 특성이 뛰어나기 때문에 많은 재활 시스템에 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 상지 절단 환자 혹은 경추 손상에 의한 마비 환자를 위한 근전도 기반의 휴먼-컴퓨터 인터페이스를 제안한다. 사용자는 독립적으로 수의 수축이 가능한 두 근육 부위를 각기 혹은 동시에 움직임으로써 최대 4가지의 의도를 표현할 수 있다. 근육의 수축 정도는 근전도 진폭 신호의 절대 평균값과 미리 정해둔 문턱치를 비교하여 인식한다. 그러나 사용자가 동시에 두 근육을 수축하고자 할지라도 각각의 근육 발화 시점에 따른 시간차가 발생할 수 있기 때문에, 단순한 비교 방법으로는 동시 수의 수축에 관한 사용자의 의도를 정확하게 인식하기 어렵다. 따라서 근육의 수의 수축의 인식에 필요한 문턱치를 주 문턱치와 보조 문턱치의 이중 문턱치를 갖는 인식 방법을 제안한다. 이중 문턱치 인식 방법에 의해 두 근육이 동시에 수의 수축할 때에도 정확한 인식이 가능하므로, 각기 하나의 근육 수축 상태만을 인식하는 HCI보다도 많은 수의 인터페이스 명령을 생성할 수 있다. 구현한 실시간 근전도 처리 하드웨어를 이용하여, 정상인과 전완 절단 장애자에 대한 실험으로부터 본 논문에서 제안하는 이중 문턱치를 이용한 인식방법이 관전 의수와 전동 휠체어 제어용 HCI에 적용될 수 있음을 보인다.