• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2003

Skeletal relapse is known as a complication following orthognathic surgery of mandibular prognathism and occurring during intermaxillary fixation period. Therefore relapse of teeth and skeleton during intermaxillary fixation period is considered as a important problem of orthognathic surgery. In this study, cephalolateral radiographs taken at pre-operation, immediate post-operation and after release of intermaxillary fixation were measured for evaluation of dental and skeletal relapse in 30 cases. The cases were classified as screw fixation group and plate fixation group, then we compared magnitude of dental and skeletal changes of each group. The results were as follows 1. The $\underline{1}$ SN angle increased at immediate post-operation with a mean value of $0.12^{\circ}$ and at intermaxillary fixation period with a mean value of $0.43^{\circ}$ (p>0.05). 2. The $\overline{1}$ MP angle decreased with a mean value of $0.14^{\circ} at immediate post-operation and with a mean value of $1.28^{\circ} during intermaxillary fixation period but there were not significant difference(p>0.05). 3. There were not significant difference in magnitude of dental position changes between screw fixation group and plate fixation group(p>0.05). 4. Gonial angle increased with a mean value of $0.62^{\circ} during intermaxillary fixation period. Each group showed changes of gonial angle during intermaxillary fixation period but there were not significant difference(p>0.05).

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.375-388
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• 1989

건강한 여대생을 대상으로 하여 1일 총 열량은 체중 1kg당 40kcal, 단백질은 체증 1kg당 0.45g (I 단계식이), 0.60g(III 단계식이), 0.75g(II 단계식이), 0.90g(IV 단계식이)의 4가지 수준으로 조정한 식이를 각각 5일간씩 20일간 섭취시키고 구리의 섭취량, 배설량 및 대사를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. I, III, II 와 IV단계 식이내의 구리함유량은 각각 0.86mg, 0.70mg, 1.86mg,과 2.34mg이었다. 2. 소변중의 평균구리배설량은 I, III, II과 IV단계 식이섭취 기간 동안 각각 $0.12{\pm}0.03mg$, $0.16{\pm}0.02mg$, $0.35{\pm}0.08mg$과 $0.11{\pm}0.02mg$ 단백질 섭취량에 따른 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 3. 대변중의 평균 구리배설량은 I, III, II과 IV단계 식이섭취 기간 동안 각각 $1.23{\pm}0.16mg$, $1.28{\pm}0.25mg$, $0.99{\pm}0.01mg$과 $1.85{\pm}0.19mg$으로 4단계별 단백질 섭취량에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 I 단계와 IV 단계 식이섭취 기간 동안 대변중 평균 구리배설량에는 유의적인 차이가 있었다.(p<0.05). 4. 평균 구리 balance는 I, III, II과 IV단계식이섭취 기간 동안 각각 $-0.48{\pm}0.14mg$, $-0.74{\pm}0.26mg$ $0.52{\pm}0.12mg$과 $0.38{\pm}0.20mg$으로 4단계별 단백질 섭취량에 따른 유의적인 변화는 있었으나 I 단계와 IV 단계 식이 섭취시의 평균 구리 balance에는 유의적인 차이가 있었으며(p(0.05), 대변중의 구리배설량과 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다.(p<0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.625-636
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• 2007

Marginal tissue recession makes problems like esthetics, root caries, hypersensitivity and plaque accumulation. Request for root coverage is higer than ever, especially esthetic problems involved. So techniques for root coverage hav been developed. There are some kinds of surgical techniques using soft tissue for root coverage. For example, free gingival graft, kinds of pedicle flap, subepithelial connective tissue graft(SCTG), and so on. Subepithelial connective tissue graft has many advantage for root coverage, that is less pain on donor site, good blood supply for graft, and more esthetic result. For this reaseon, this case report was performed to evaluate the effect of root coverage using subepithelial connective tissue graft. Three patients has Miller's class I marginal tissue recession and one patients has Miller's class III marginal tissue recession. The following period is 36.5 month on average. The results are as follows: 1. Root coverage of 100% was obtained in 5 of 6 defects, and 80% was obtained in 1 of 6 defects, The mean root coverage was 96,6% in six cases on 4 patients. 2. The mean root coverage was 3.83mm and mean recession depth decreased from 4mm to 0.16mm. 3. The mean width of clinical attached gingiva increased from 1.5mm to 4mm. The mean width of gained attached gingiva after surgery was 2.5mm. 4. The mean follow up period was 36.5 months. The longest follow up period was 50 months and the shortest follow up period was 22 months. 5. The result that obtained by surgery was stable during follow up period. Within the above results, root coverage with SCTG is an effective procedure to cover marginal tissue recession defect with long term stability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with HCl on blood biochemical profiles in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age, 88.54${\pm}$3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three groups in a completely randomized design on the basis of their body weight. Animals in all the three groups were fed on concentrate mixture. In addition, they were offered wheat straw, ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level) and HCI treated ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level and HCl added to trap 30% of the NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for a period of 180 days, as per Kearl (1982) for body weight gain of 500 g/d. In all diets, concentrate:roughage ratio was fixed at 50:50 and were made isonitrogenous by adjusting CP levels of conc. mixtures. Blood was collected from jugular vein of each buffalo calf at the beginning and subsequently at two months interval of experimental feeding. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96% and addition of HCl along with urea further increased the CP content to 10.09%. In all the three groups, the mean values of plasma glucose (mg %) and serum globulin (g %), showed a decreasing trend, while the mean value of serum TP (g %), serum A:G ratio, serum urea (mg %), serum creatinine (mg %), serum ALP (KA units), SGOT (units/ml.), SGPT (units/ml), serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ (ng/ml) showed an increasing trend with the advancement of feeding period. The cumulative period mean values of serum TP (6.15 to 6.20 g %), serum albumin (3.07 to 3.18, g %), serum globulin (2.98 to 3.09, g %), serum A:G ratio (1.03 to 1.10), serum ALP (23.15 to 23.63, KA units), serum T$_3$ (1.20 to 1.23 ng/ml) and serum T$_4$ (21.33 to 21.88 ng/ml) were comparable among the groups. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose (mg %) in group III (57.28) was similar to groups I (55.31) and II (59.41), however, the cumulative period mean plasma glucose in group II was significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum urea (mg %) in group III (47.34) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than group I (38.38) and II (42.24), which were statistically alike. However, the cumulative period mean serum creatinine values (mg %) in groups II (1.43) and III (1.52) were similar and were significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I (1.24). The cumulative period mean SGOT (units/ml) in groups I, II and III was 91.71, 96.04 and 96.64, respectively. Similarly the cumulative period mean SGPT (units/ml) was 19.00, 19.93 and 20.01 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The cumulative period mean values of SGOT (p<0.05) and SGPT (p<0.001) in groups II and III were similar and were significantly higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ values in groups I (1.21 and 21.81), II (1.23 and 21.42) and III (1.20 and 21.33) were comparable. From the present study it may be concluded that feeding of AWS treated with and without HCI to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no significant adverse effect on blood biochemical profile.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1981

Long term precipitation gaging station record (58 years) was analyzed by progressive mean method to compare the estimated effective period of records for computing mean and probable values. Obtained results are as follows: 1. Fifty-eight years precipitation records at Jinju, Gyeong Sang Nam Do was analyzed by double mass analysis method. Result was appeared that the record was consistent with time. 2. The effective period of records for estimating mean values with the departure of 5% or less from the true mean are up to 33 years for annual precipitation, 20 years for annual maximum daily precipitation and 45 years for maximum successive dry days in summer season. 3. To estimate the probable values by Gumbel-Chow method within the departure of 5% level from true value, periods of 51 years, 38 years and 45 years were required for annual precipitation, annual maximum daily precipitation and maximum successive dry days in summer season, respectively.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.154-164
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• 1994

The secular period behavior of 23 field RR Lyrae stars is studied in order to determine if the observed period changes could be attributed, at least in the mean, to stellar evolution. The sample of stars is subdivided into two Oosterhoff groups based on the metallicity and period-shift. Despite the small sample size, we found a distinct bias toward positive period changes in the group II variables. The period changes of the group I variables, however, are small and in the mean near zero. This is consistent with the behavior predicted by the recent evolutionary models, as was the case for the variables in globular clusters. This provides yet another support for the Lee, Demarque, and Zinn (1990) evolutionary models of RR Lyrase stars and their explanation of the Sandage period-shift effect.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.169-190
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• 2016

This paper tests the weak-form efficient market hypothesis for Korean industry-sorted portfolios. Based on a panel variance ratio approach, we find significant mean reversion of stock returns over long horizons in the pre Asian currency crisis period but little evidence in the post-crisis period. Our empirical findings are consistent with the fact that Korea accelerated its integration with international financial market by implementing extensive capital liberalization since the crisis.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1995

Since precipitation is variable with time and space, a mean annual precipitation should be estimated with adequate consideration of their variations. In Korea, the thirty-year period has been widely used to estimate the mean annual precipitation. However,

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 감 재배지 간 과실 특성 차이에 관계한 기온 요인을 분석하고자 8개 단감 '부유' 재배지의 16개 기온요인과 과실 특성을 조사하여 주성분 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 16개 기온요인 중 제1주성분은 12개 요인으로 이중 연 평균최저기온, 10월 평균기온, 연 평균최저극온, 생육기 평균기온의 영향력이 아주 높았다. 그리고 제2주성분은 4개 요인으로 4월에서 7월까지의 월 평균기온이었고 5월과 6월 평균기온의 영향력이 높았다. 이에 제2주성분까지 누적기여율은 91.4%로 재배지 간 기온 차이에 관여하는 기온 요인을 분석하는 데에는 충분하였다. 8개 재배지 중 5 재배지은 주요 기온요인이나 그 영향력에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 기온요인과 과실 특성 간 다중회귀분석에서 과고는 생육기 평균기온($X_8$) 겨울철 적산온도($X_6$) 영향을 뚜렷이 받으며 회귀식 $Y=150.55-5.375X_8+0.014X_6$을 나타내었고, 이 회귀식에 대하여 생육기 평균최저기온($X_9$), 적산온도($X_5$), 8월 평균기온($X_{12}$) 등이 영향을 주었다. 과경은 생육기 평균기온($X_8$, 부의 상관), 과육갈반정도는 생육기 평균최저기온($X_9$, 정의 상관), 과피색 $a^*$값은 연 평균최저기온($X_2$, 정의 상관)의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.