• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2019

Healing of 48 cases of radial fractures in small breed dogs treated with acrylic pin external fixation was evaluated retrospectively to investigate the factors affecting the healing of radial fractures. The mean age of the subjects was 15.02 months, the mean body weight was 3.48 kg, and the mean maximum length of the radius (MLR) was 90.77 mm. External skeletal fixation frames type 1a, 2a, and 3 were used; among them type 2a was used most frequently (75%). The mean time to clinical union (TCU) was 67.17 days, and the success rate was 95.8%. Age, bodyweight, MLR, and occurrence of complications increased TCU significantly. Among complications, pin loosening, swelling of the operated forelimb tissue for more than 2 weeks, and coexistence of two or more complications increased TCU significantly (p < 0.05). There was no relationship between location of the fracture and TCU. The results of this study may be useful to predict the prognosis of radial fractures in small dogs.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of Coreoleuciscus splendidus egg and larvae morphology in the Ungcheon-stream. C. splendidus eggs were round and ranged in size from 1.86-2.01 mm (mean $1.91{\pm}0.14mm$). Immediately after hatching, the larvae had egg yolk in the abdomen with a total length of 5.27-6.63 mm (mean $5.95{\pm}0.96mm$). On the 10 days after hatching, the latter was 8.44-8.65 mm (mean $8.54{\pm}0.14mm$) in total length, and 5 dorsal fin rays were formed in dorsal fin and 8 caudal fin soft rays were formed in caudal fin. At 88 days after hatching, total length was 26.2-25.7 mm (mean $25.9{\pm}0.35mm$), and scales were formed throughout the body. The fin rays of each part were iii.7 in dorsal fin and iii.6 in anal fin, and finally the external form was the same as the adult fish.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Objective : To report cases of patients with Parkinson's syndrome. Design : Case-series Patients and methods : 35 of patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center were treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine from May until December 2007. 35 patients were participated in this study. 21 patients were dropped out during the trial, and we evaluated symptom progress of 14 patients by using several questionnaires such as Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), modified Hoehn & Yahr stage (H&Y stage) and Schwab & England ADL scale(S&E ADL scale). Results : The whole group consists of 14 male patients and 21 female patients. Mean±SD age range is 64.5±8.4. There were no significant differences of the demographic and clinical characteristics between the case group and drop-out group. The mean±SD medical treatment period of the Case group were 8.4±6.3weeks, the mean±SD of the total score in first medical treatment UPDRS section 1~3 were 29.6±11.0, the mean±SD of the final score were 27.1±12.6, all of which showed significant improvement(p=0.007). There were no significant changes on the H&Y stage and S&E ADL scale. Conclusion : Patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center had a tendency of showing improvement in clinical symptoms.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1993

To analyze biochemical changes of liver function following combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia, we reviewed retrospectively 37 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and hyperthermia between July 1988 and December 1990 at Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Mean age was 52.7 years and male to female ratio was 11:1. The patients were classified as follows; to A and B group by Child's classification, to M and L group by irradiated volume, and subclassified into BM, BL, AM and AL group according to the combination of Child's classification and irradiated volume. Radiation dose to the primary tumor was 3060 cGy with daily 180 cGy, 5 fraction per week using 10 MV or 4 MV linear accelerator. Hyperthermia (Thermotron RF-8) was performed more than 4 times in all patients. Biochemical parameters including albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T. Bil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were regularly followed from 1 week before the treatment to 3 months after the treatment. The results are summerized as follows; 1) In all the patient, mean ALP level peaked at 1 month, decreased at 2 months, slightly increased at 3 months after the treatment. Mean SGOT and SGPT levels peaked at 1 month after the treatment. Mean T. Bil level increased continuously and highest at 3 months after the treatment. Mean Alb level did not show significant changes.; 2) Mean ALP level retured to normal level at 3 month after the treatment in A but increased in B group and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). Mean SGOT and SGPT levels peaked 1 month in A and 2 months after the treatment in B group. All the biochemical parameters did not show significant difference between M and L group. Mean ALP level increased at 3 months after the treatment in BM and BL groups and decreased in AM and AL groups. Mean SGOT level increased at 3 months after the treatment in BL groups.; 3) Hepatic failure occurred within 3 months after the treatment in 4 patients, all of whom were in BL group. It is suggested that pre-treatment liver function and irradiated volume influence biochemical changes of liver in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia, and this treatment modality appears generally to be safe but might cause hepatic failure particularly in patient with poor liver function and large treatment volume.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1994

Formaldehyde has been in widespread industrial use since World War II . Numerous sources of formaldehyde are present in the indoor environment. Additionally, the current trend toward tighter, more energy efficient buildings with lower ventilation rates has led to increase concentrations of this and other pollutants generated indoors. In this paper, the field survey was carried out once a month from January to MarctL 1994 to measure indoor and outdoor formaldehyde concentration in several underground locations in Seoul. The results could be summarized as follows : 1. At Yang- jae underground shopping center, the mean formaldehyde concentration was 77.8ppb for indoor and 68.4ppb for outdoor. At Ban- po underground shopping center, it was 175.8ppb for indoor and 127.3ppb for outdoor. At Jam- shil underground shop ping center, it was 135.2ppd for indoor and 34.6ppb for outdoor. Indoor the No.2 sub way line, it was 105.6ppb. The formaldehyde concentration using Berge equation was as follows : At Yang- jae underground shopping center, the mean formaldehyde concentration was 85.99ppb for indoor and 72.75ppb for outdoor At Ban- po underground shopping center, it was 254. 17ppb for indoor and 138.14ppb for outdoor. At Jam- shil underground shopping center, it was 249.13ppb for indoor and 36.87ppb for outdoor. Indoor the No.2 subway line, it was 131.73ppb. 3, The result of correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between temperature and formaldehyde concentration is very high( $\gamma $= 0.831 ∼ 0.974). 4. Also, the relationship between humidity and formaldehyde concentration is variant ($\gamma $ = 0.246 ∼0.999). 5. The mean formaldehyde concentration indoor and outdoor Ban- po underground shop ping center and indoor Jam- shil underground shopping center and indoor the No.2 sub way line exceed the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, Air- conditioning Engineers( ASHRAE) stflndard of 100ppb(120 $\mu $g/m$^{3}$).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.851-855
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• 1993

Among elevn consecutive cases having undergone Completion Pueumonectomy[CP]between 1958 and Aug. 1993 at the Dep. of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery in National Medical Center. The patient`s mean age was 43 years[range 28 yrs, to 68yrs.],& they consisted with 10 males and 1 female. The indications for CP were benign diseases in 9 cases & 2 cases of lung cancer. The mean interval between the first operation & CP was 62.3 months[from 17 days to 288 months]. The several special intraoperative procedures such as intrapericardial pulmonary vesselsdivision & suture ligation, reinforcement of bronchial stumpmargin, & applied the Fibrin glue & hemostatics. The mean intra operative bleeding was 3582ml.[1500ml. to 6500ml.] The post orerative complication were developed in 5 cases[45.5%] they were empyema with BPF in 2 cases, empyema in 2 cases, & 1 case of repiratoy insufficiency which leading to death. We concluded that the C P noted high morbidity & mortality compared with ordinary first pulmonary resectional surgery. But, it will be a challenge to improved the morbidity because of increasing trend of completion pneumonectomy in a furture time.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.523-534
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• 2023

Purpose: Intra-abdominal infection is a common postoperative complication of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomies (PPGs). Many studies have reported that intra-abdominal infectious complications after gastrectomy adversely affect patient survival outcomes. To prevent gastric fluid leakage into the abdominal cavity, we developed a novel anastomosis method in which the stomach lumen is not opened (termed the non-opened clean end-to-end anastomosis method [NoCEAM]) and evaluated its feasibility. Materials and Methods: Subsequent to lymphadenectomy, the oral and anal resection lines were sutured using an intraoperative endoscope. After closing the stomach circumferentially with clips, the specimen was rolled outward like a "donut." We resected the specimen circumferentially using a linear stapler, and anastomosis was completed simultaneously. We examined the feasibility of this procedure ex vivo, using three porcine stomachs, and in vivo, using one pig. Subsequently, we applied the procedure to 13 consecutive patients with middle-third early gastric cancer utilizing laparotomic, laparoscopic, and robotic PPG. Results: NoCEAM was completed in all porcine models and human cases. In the human cases, the mean operation time (±standard deviation) was 279±51 minutes, and mean blood loss volume was 22±45 mL. The mean number of linear staples used was 5.06±0.76. None of the patients had complications, and all were discharged on the eighth postoperative. The serum total protein, serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels did not change significantly after surgery. Conclusions: NoCEAM is feasible and safe for performing totally laparoscopic or robotic PPG. It may reduce postoperative complications, such as intra-abdominal infections.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2015

This study considers mean skin temperature to calculate expected temperature using the new heat balance model because the skin temperature is the most important element affecting the heat balance outdoors. For this, we measured the skin temperature in high temperature condition of Korea and applied it to calculate the expected temperature. The calculated expected temperature is compared with the result calculated using previous models which use the estimated mean skin temperature by considering metabolic rate only. Results show that the expected temperatures are higher when measured mean skin temperature is applied to the model, compared to the expected temperature calculated by applying mean skin temperature data calculated using metabolic rate like previous models. The observed mean skin temperature was more suitable for outside conditions and expected temperature is underestimated when mean skin temperature calculated by the equation using metabolic rate is used. The model proposed in this study has a few limitations yet, but it can be applied in various ways to facilitate practical responses to extreme heat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2010

In order to investigate the physiological properties of velvet antler of elk (Cervus e. canadensis) raised in Korea, antlers (n=378) were collected from deer in 8 provinces including Gyeonggi-do (n=53), Gangwon-do (n=49), Chungcheongbuk-do (n=62), Chungcheongnam-do (n=68), Jeollabuk-do (n=52), Jeollanam-do (n=15), Gyeongsangbuk-do (n=30) and Gyeongsangnam-do (n=49). The exterior characteristics (weight, length, girth and crown) of all antlers were measured, and 18 antler samples were randomly selected for measurement of interior characteristics such as specific gravity, capacity and diameter of cross section. The mean antler weight, length of the main beam and mean length of upper section were $4.87{\pm}1.79\;kg$, $83.7{\pm}13.2\;cm$ and $40.6{\pm}11.4\;cm$, respectively. Mean girth of the top, middle and base of the main beam were $27.1{\pm}5.9\;cm$, $22.1{\pm}3.6\;cm$ and $22.9{\pm}3.6\;cm$ respectively, indicating a slight narrowing in the middle of the antler. In each of the tines, the girth at the base was markedly thicker compared to the top. The depth of the crown at the top of the antler, and the average number of crowns and tines were $14.1{\pm}7.0\;cm$, $2.1{\pm}0.6$ and $3.0{\pm}0.5$, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in mean specific gravity between top and base, mean specific gravity of main beam tended to increase from top to base of the antler with decreasing capacity. Additionally, the inner diameter of the base of the antler was significantly reduced compared to that of the top, indicating a greater integumental thickening due to mineralization. Information on the morphological and physiological properties of elk antlers is scarce. Therefore, these results may be useful in providing basic information for the physiological properties of antler, and encourage further studies on antler morphology in other deer species showing species specific differences.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.485-496
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 지역아동센터 이용 청소년의 부모-자녀 대화, 또래애착, 센터교사만족도, 자아탄력성, 자아존중감, 진로정체감 간 구조적 관계를 탐색하고, 성별에 따른 잠재평균 및 구조모형의 경로계수의 크기 차이를 검증하는 것이다. 지역아동센터 아동패널조사 2기 패널 4차 조사(2017년)의 청소년 438명이 분석 대상이다. 첫째, 구조모형 분석 결과, 또래애착 및 센터교사만족도는 자아탄력성과 자아존중감에 정적 영향을 미치는 반면, 부모-자녀 대화는 자아탄력성, 자아존중감에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 또래애착 및 센터교사만족도는 자아탄력성, 자아존중감을 매개로 진로정체감에 정적 영향을 미치는 완전매개효과가 확인되었다. 둘째, 잠재평균분석 결과, 남학생이 여학생보다 자아탄력성, 자아존중감이 더 높은 반면, 여학생이 남학생보다 부모-자녀 대화 정도가 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 다집단 경로계수 크기 차이 검증 결과, 남학생은 여학생보다 또래애착이 자아탄력성과 자아존중감에 더 많은 영향을 미치며, 여학생은 남학생보다 센터교사만족도가 자아탄력성에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 지역아동센터 이용 청소년의 진로정체감을 향상시키기 위해서는 사회적 지지 체계를 통한 자아탄력성과 자아존중감을 높이는 것이 필요하며, 이때 성별에 따른 차별적 특성을 고려한 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.