• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2005

This study was performed to validate the procedure of transarterial embolization of the renal artery (TAE-RA) and sclerotherapy of renal pelvis using iohexol-ethanol solution in dogs with unilateral experimental hydronephrosis. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by unilateral ureter ligation for 20 days in five Beagle dogs. Renal artery embolization with iohexol-ethanol solution was performed using selective catheterization technique in the hydronephrotic kidney and sclerotherapy was done by injection of the iohexol-ethanol solution through percutaneously placed pig-tail catheter. EKG, $SpO_2$ body temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. Average pure ethanol dose for renal artery embolization was $1.1\pm0.3ml/kg$. Renal artery embolization was confirmed by the detection of no blood flow signal at the interlobar and arcuate artery using color Doppler ultrasonography. There were no dogs expired after TAE-RA and sclerotherapy and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ethanol solution. The value of BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, Ca, P in five dogs were within normal range during the experiment period. Ultrasonographically, the mean longitudinal and transverse length and the depth of the embolized kidney significantly decreased at 28 days after TAE-RA. We may conclude that TAE-RA and sclerotherapy with iohexol-ethanol solution is an effective methods for the treatment of unilateral hydronephrosis in dogs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 1999

Safety evaluation of LB71350, a new HIV-1 protease inhibitor, was performed in mice, rats and dogs. For the general behavior of mice, LB71350 at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg did not show any significant effects on muscle tone and locomotor activity. In terms of central nervous system, at oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, LB71350 inhibited acetic acid-induced pain response approximately 41% and 83% of control. respectively. At oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, it reduced the rectal body temperature in rats. Pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice was slightly potentiated by oral administration of LB71350 at doses ranging from 200 mg/kg to 1000 mg/Ag. Single or five day treatment of LB71350 doubled the hexobarbital- induced sleeping time in mice at oral doses ranging from 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. It did not cause any effects on gastric secretion and acidity in rat at oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg and also it did not change intestinal motility in mice up to 1000 mg/kg. Blood coagulation indices such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT) in rats were not affected by the treatment of LB71350 up to 500 mg/kg. LB71350 caused no significant effects on the cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and mean blood pressure when infused intravenously to the anesthetized rats and dogs. Taken together, LB71350 at high oral doses caused significant pharmacological effects on the central nervous system and the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1433-1442
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• 2021

In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture fluid (SCCF) has been added to a diet of lactating dairy cows to attempt to improve the ruminal fermentation and potentially increase the dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SCCF on the milk yield and blood biochemistry in lactating cows during the summer. Twenty-four Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) total mixed ration (TMR-1) (Control); (2) TMR-1 supplemented with SCCF (T1); (3) TMR-2 (containing alfalfa hay) (T2); and (4) TMR-2 supplemented with SCCF (T3). SCCF (5 ml/head, 2.0×10⁷ CFU/mL) was mixed with TMRs daily before feeding to dairy cows. The mean daily temperature-humidity index (THI) during this trial was 76.92 ± 0.51 on average and ranged from 73.04 to 81.19. For particle size distribution, TMR-2 had a lower >19 mm fraction and a higher 8-9 mm fraction than TMR-1 (p < 0.05). The type of TMR did not influence the DMI, body weight (BW), milk yield and composition, or blood metabolites. The milk yield and composition were not affected by the SCCF supplementation, but somatic cell counts were reduced by feeding SCCF (p < 0.05). Feeding SCCF significantly increased the DMI but did not affect the milk yield of dairy cows. The NEFA concentration was slightly decreased compared to that in the control and T2 groups without SCCF. Feeding a yeast culture of S. cerevisiae may improve the feed intake, milk quality and energy balance of dairy cows under heat stress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.380-386
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• 2024

Background: Type A aortic dissection (AD) and intramural hematoma (IMH) are critical medical conditions. Emergency surgery is typically performed under cardiopulmonary bypass immediately after diagnosis, which involves lowering the body temperature to induce total circulatory arrest. Selection of the arterial cannulation site is a critical consideration in cardiac surgery and becomes more challenging in patients with AD. This study explored the strengths and weaknesses of different cannulation methods by comparing each cannulation strategy and analyzing the reasons for patients' outcomes, especially mortality and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for type A AD or IMH between 2008 and 2023, using the moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest approach at a single center. Results: Among the 146 patients reviewed, 32 underwent antegrade cannulation via axillary, innominate artery, aortic, or transapical cannulation, while 114 underwent retrograde cannulation via the femoral artery. The analysis of surgical outcomes revealed a significant difference in the total surgical time, with 356 minutes for antegrade and 443 minutes for retrograde cannulation (p<0.001). The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was significantly longer in the retrograde group (5±16 days) than in the antegrade group (3±5 days, p=0.013). Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between the groups in the 30-day mortality or postoperative CVA rates (p=0.2 and p=0.7, respectively). Conclusion: Surgeons should consider an appropriate cannulation strategy for each patient instead of adhering strictly to a specific approach in AD surgery.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2024

Objectives This study is designed to evaluated the safety of peony root extract tablet in healthy male volunteers. Methods 12 healthy male volunteers were recruited, and this study was conducted by a single center. The safety was evaluated by collecting laboratory test and vital signs of volunteers. As the registration process, 12 subjects were assigned by serial number. To evaluate safety, vital signs were checked and blood samples were collected 4 times during the screening period, pre & post-administration (after 8 hours) and post-administration (after 7 days). The difference in variables was summarized by the mean±standard deviation. The normality test was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. When normality is fulfilled, a paired t-test is applied and the significance level was p<0.05. And the incidence of all adverse effects and serious adverse effects are shown in percentage. Results In the case of vital sign, body temperature (BT) (℃) was 0.06±0.05 ℃ (p=0.008), and there was a statistically significant difference in before and after administration. However, clinical symptoms were not occurred and BT (℃) of all subjects before and after administration showed values within the normal reference value. There was no significant difference from the control group in all other vital signs and laboratory test data. And no side-effects associated to clinical trial drugs were followed. Conclusions The peony root extract tablet was considered to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.258-272
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• 2014

Bats hibernating in caves and unused mines were surveyed during six hibernation periods (from December to February, 2005 and 2011) in Korea. We recorded 13,288 individuals of 11 species at 140 hibernacula (60 caves and 80 abandoned mines): Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (n=3,509), Eptesicus serotinus (n=6), Hypsugo alaschanicus (n=349), Miniopterus fuliginosus (n=5,919), Murina hilgendorfi (n=417), Myotis aurascens (n=294), Myotis bombinus (n=2), Myotis formosus (n=401), Myotis macrodactylus (M.mac, n=151), Myotis petax (n=2,131) and Plecotus ognevi (n=109). We studied the thermal preference and selection of hibernacula of seven dominant bat species. Four species (Myotis petax, Hypsugo alaschanicus, Plecotus ognevi and Murina hilgendorfi) hibernated mainly at the cold site below than $7^{\circ}C$, while three species (Myotis formosus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Miniopterus fuliginosus) hibernated at warm site above than $7^{\circ}C$. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum had broad-ranged temperature zone for their hibernating site. The mean body temperature of each species was $2.64{\pm}0.98^{\circ}C$ for Murina hilgendorfi, $2.76{\pm}1.68^{\circ}C$ for Hypsugo alaschanicus, $2.78{\pm}0.98^{\circ}C$ for Plecotus ognevi, $4.52{\pm}1.02^{\circ}C$ for Myotis petax, $7.83{\pm}1.94^{\circ}C$ for Miniopterus fuliginosus, $9.19{\pm}2.35^{\circ}C$ for Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and $13.64{\pm}0.76^{\circ}C$ for Myotis formosus, respectively. The body temperatures of hibernating bats were closely related to the rock surface temperatures rather than the ambient temperatures. In conclusion, the diversity of bats community in hibernacula were closely related to the range of inner ambient temperature of hibernacula, and more species of bats were occupied at sites presenting a broad range of ambient temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2001

The early developmental stages, growth and morphological changes of the Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, were studied from a series of reared specimens. Details of the early developmental stages are illustrated with special reference to morphological transformations. Egg and sperm of Korean bullhead were obtained from mature adults under hormonal treatment, fertilized artificially, and incubated in the aquarium. The incubation period of fertilized eggs was 55 to 66 hours at a temperature of 24.9${\pm}$0.34$^{\circ}$. Larvae were fed successively with Artemia salina and Daphnia magna for 2 to 15 days and artificial food after 20 days. Fertilized eggs were adhesive and spherical with a diameter of 2.04mm(n = 100). The mean total length of newly hatched larvae was about 4.92${\pm}$0.33 mm. Mouth opening occurred on one-day-old yolk-sac larvae, and initial feeding was observed on the third day after hatching. The morphological transitions from larvae to juvenile and juvenile to young stages occurred when the fish reached about 17 mm in total length (about 13days after hatching) and about 32 mm in total length (about 30 days after hatching), respectively. Many changes in proportion of body parts to total length were observed at about 7~8 mm and 30~32 mm, corresponding to the transformations from larvae to juvenile and from juvenile to young, respectively. In comparing relative growth of each body part against total length, those characteristics related to head parts showed positive growth in the pre-larval stages, while those concerning mobile abilities showed positive growth in the post-larval stage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2017

Objective: The present study investigated the litter performance of multiparous sows fed 3% and 6% densified diets at farrowing to weaning during summer with mean maximum room temperature of $30.5^{\circ}C$. Methods: A total of 60 crossbred multiparous sows were allotted to one of three treatments based on body weight according to a completely randomized design. Three different nutrient levels based on NRC were applied as standard diet (ST; metabolizable energy, 3,300 kcal/kg), high nutrient level 1 (HE1; ST+3% higher energy and 16.59% protein) and high nutrient level 2 (HE2; ST+6% higher energy and 17.04% protein). Results: There was no variation in the body weight change. However, backfat thickness change tended to reduce in HE1 in comparison to ST treatment. Dietary treatments had no effects on feed intake, daily energy intake and weaning-to-estrus interval in lactating sows. Litter size, litter weight at weaning and average daily gain of piglets were significantly greater in sows in HE1 compared with ST, however, no difference was observed between HE2 and ST. Increasing the nutrient levels had no effects on the blood urea nitrogen, glucose, triglyceride, and creatinine at post-farrowing and weaning time. The concentration of follicle stimulating hormone, cortisol and insulin were not affected by dietary treatments either in post-farrowing or weaning time. The concentration of blood luteinizing hormone of sows in ST treatment was numerically less than sows in HE2 treatment at weaning. Milk and colostrum compositions such as protein, fat and lactose were not affected by the treatments. Conclusion: An energy level of 3,400 kcal/kg (14.23 MJ/kg) with 166 g/kg crude protein is suggested as the optimal level of dietary nutrients for heat stressed lactating sows with significant beneficial effects on litter size.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.292-300
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• 1997

In this study PZT powders were prepared with shapes of cubic by hydrothermal synthesis with various starting materials, and the sintering characteristics of the powders were investigated. The particle shapes were cubic regardless of starting materials, but the mean size of particles formed using $Pb(NO_3)_2$, $Ti(OC_4H_9)_4$ and $Zr(OC_4H_9)_4$ was relatively smaller than that of particles prepared from other starting materials. Agitation of the feedstock during hydrothermal reaction results in decreasing the required reaction temperature for the formation of nuclei, and in increasing the size of product particles. XRD results showed that the major phase of PZT crystal powders was a tetragonal phase at the Zr to Ti ratio of 40 to 60, or a rhombohedral phase at its ratio of 60 to 40. The density of a sintered body made from the hydrothermal powders in PbO surrounding varied with sintering temperatures and with periods of sintering time. The experimental results also showed that the optimum sintering condition was at $1150^{\circ}C$ for a 2hr sintering, and that the density of a sintered body was $7.6g/cm^3$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-61
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• 1985

The purse-seine fishery is very important in the coastal fishery of Korea and the main fish species of this fishery are mackerals and also the main fishing grounds are Tushima Current region, To investigate the relationship between the fishing grounds of mackerels and oceanographic condition, the distribution of mean catches of mackerals of each size (1974~1982) was firstly examined and the oceanographic observation carried out in eastern and western area of Cheju island, being main fishing grounds, in July and October, 1983. The results are as follows: The main fishing grounds of mackerals were also in the Tsushima Current region in southern sea of Korea and the season of the good catches are in May and September to October. The small and medium size of mackerals of which the body lengths are 27 cm to 31 cm, about 2-3 ages, occupied about 90% but the smaller size mackerals of which body lenth is 22 cm (1 age)were about 40 to 70% in February to March. The locations of seasonal fishing grounds could founded by 15$^{\circ}C$ isotherm which indicates the Tsushima Current Water. With trace of this isotherm it was founded that the fishing grounds near the Korean Strait than that of south of Cheju island moves faster northward and/or later southward. The main fishing grounds eastward and westward of Cheju island were the front areas formed between the Tsushima Current Water and the southern coastal water of Korea or Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water. And also the distributions of transparences, water colors and the penetration of sun light of this fishing grounds were similar to that of the temperature, the salinity or volume of planktonic organism.