• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.341-352
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• 2008

The number of school lunch-supported children who belong to low-income families has been rapidly increased in Korea. This study was aimed at evaluation of nutritional status of school lunch-supported elementary school children. One hundred school lunch-supported children and 119 non-supported children of fourth to sixth year class in 3 elementary schools in Gyeongbuk rural area were selected, and surveys were conducted twice, i.e., once during school term and once during summer vacation in 2006. Food consumption survey during school term was carried out through an interview by dieticians at school-lunch time using a 24-hour recall method, and the survey during summer vacation conducted by recording food intakes for three days by children. Nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 program. School lunch-supported children showed higher rate of skipping breakfast and rather irregular meal time as compared to non-supported students. Eating alone was more frequent in school lunch-supported children than in nonsupported children. The average nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy ratios were lower in supported children than in non-supported children. During term, percentages of nutrient intakes provided by school-lunch were higher in supported children than in non-supported children. Intakes of energy nutrients were within acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, but proportion of carbohydrate intake increased during vacation. Analysis of patterns of food intakes based on major food groups (dairy, meat, grain, fruit, vegetable) indicated that meals during term were more balanced as compared to meals during vacation. In conclusion, food behaviors and nutrient intakes of school lunchsupported children were inferior to those of non-supported children during term and during summer vacation. They were provided with more nutrient intakes from school lunch during term as compared to non-supported children. Therefore, it is necessary not only to keep meal support program during vacation but also to provide a proper nutrition education as a part of school lunch program to improve nutritional status and food behaviors of school lunch-supported children.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.681-689
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 대학생의 음주 여부에 따른 식습관을 조사하여 앞으로 어떻게 개선해 나갈 것인가에 대해 살펴보았다. 전체 355명(남자 188명, 여자 167명)의 대학생을 대상으로 음주 여부에 따른 식습관 조사를 실시한 결과, 음주를 하는 비율은 남자 94.1%, 여자 93.4%로 나타났고, 이중 19세 이하 음주 비율이 남녀 모두 94.4%로 나타났다. 학년은 1학년이 가장 많았는데, 이 중 음주를 하는 비율은 95.3%로 나타났다. 음주 여부에 있어서 식습관의 차이는 크게 보이지 않았다. 점심 식사를 함께 하는 사람은 음주, 비 음주 집단의 각각 55.9%, 59.1%가 가족보다는 친구와 함께 식사를 하였고, 음주 집단 내에서 식사 소요 시간은 남자는 10분 미만(20.9%), 여자는 20~30분 미만(35.3%)이라는 응답이 나타나, 여자의 식사시간이 10~20분 정도 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 또한 결식률은 음주, 비 음주 집단 각각 49.5%, 54.5%가 아침 식사는 가끔 먹는다가 가장 많았고, 저녁 식사의 경우 꼭 먹는다의 비율이 각각 59.2%, 68.2%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 음주 집단 내에서 남자(29.9%)보다 여자(47.4%)가 저녁을 가끔 먹는다는 응답이 많아 여학생의 다이어트에 의한 저녁 결식률이 높음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.01). 아침 식사 형태는 음주, 비 음주 집단 각각 83.5%, 83.4%로 밥이 가장 많았고, 비 음주 집단 내에서 남자는 주로 학교식당(63.6%)에서, 여자는 주로 학교 밖 음식점(72.7%)에서 점심 식사를 한다는 응답이 더 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 음주 집단 내에서 과식 횟수는 여자는 주 1~2회(61.5%), 남자는 과식을 거의 하지 않는다(27.7%)라고 나왔다(p<0.05). 주요 식품군 섭취율에 있어서 음주 및 비 음주, 남자와 여자의 차이가 크게 나타나진 않았다. 곡류 및 전분류는 매일(음주 61.3%, 비음주 61.4%), 육류 및 육류 가공품(음주 40.8%, 비음주 40.3%), 채소(음주 33.0%, 비음주 32.7%) 및 과일류(음주 27.9%, 비음주 29.1%)는 주 3~4회 섭취한다는 응답이 가장 많았다. 우유 및 유제품의 경우에는 음주 집단(주 1~2회 28.5%)보다 비 음주 집단이 주 3~4회(31.8%)로 섭취횟수가 높게 나타났으며, 음주 집단 내에서 여자(주 1~2회 26.3%)보다 남자(매일 섭취한다 31.1%)의 섭취횟수가 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 유지 및 당류는 음주, 비 음주 각각 33.3%, 36.4%로 주 1~2회 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 대부분의 남녀 학생들이 음주를 하는 경향이 있으며, 음주 여부에 따른 식습관의 차이보다는 성별에 따른 식습관이 다르게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이에 따라 대학생 시기의 올바른 식습관 확립 및 균형 잡힌 식품 섭취를 통해 건강한 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 학교나 지역 사회 및 정부 차원에서 지속적이고 체계적인 영양 교육이 필요하다. 또한 일단 성립된 바람직하지 않은 식습관은 쉽게 변화하지 않으므로 이론 위주의 영양 교육보다는 실제적인 행동변화를 유도할 수 있는 적극적인 영양 교육 프로그램이 필요하다. 바람직한 식생활 영위를 위해서 영양소 및 식품에 관한 지식을 전달하는 것뿐만 아니라, 영양적으로 균형 잡힌 식사를 하려는 적극적인 태도 및 실천 의욕을 고취시키고, 그 점을 개선하고자 하는 식행동으로 변화를 유도할 수 있는 영양 교육의 기회 부여가 절실히 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2005

인천지 역 대표선수인 중ㆍ고등학교 여 자 펜싱 , 사격 , 육상, 수영 선수 총 102명을 대상으로 건강과 식습관에 대해 설문조사를 시행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 전 체 조사대 상자 중 35.9%가 현재 비타민 및 철분 보충제를 섭취하고 있다고 응답하였으며, 육상선수의 섭취율이 62.5%로 운동경기 종목별 유의적 차이를 보였다. 본인이 인식하는 건강상태는 전체 조사대상자의 65.3%가 '보통이다', 21%가 '좋다'고 응답하였고, 건강에 대한 관심정도는 전체 조사대상자의 69.5%가 보통이다', 25.3%가 '많다'고 응답하였다. 운동이 정신적 스트레스의 주요원인으로 나타났으며 운동과 관련된 스트레스가 펜싱＆gt;사격＆gt;육상)수영 순인 반면에 훈련 중 신체적 부담에 대해서는 수영＆gt;육상＆gt;펜싱＆gt;사격 순으로 나타나서 운동경기 종목별 유의적 차이를 보였다. 훈련 중 현기증을 느낀 적이 있는가에 대해 사격선수가 다른 종목에 비해 유의적으로 적게 느끼는 것으로 나타났고, 생리 주기의 규칙성에 대해 절반이상이 "불규칙하다"고 응답하였다. 가장 문제가 되는 식습관에 대해 결식＆gt;폭식＆gt;편식＆gt;맵고 짠 음식선호 순으로 응답하였다. 주로 결식하는 끼니로 펜싱과 사격선수는 아침식사를, 육상과 수영선수는 저녁식사를 주로 걸러서 유의적 차이를 보였다. 결식빈도에 대해 펜싱＆gt;사격＆gt;육상＆gt;수영 순으로 자주 결식하는 것으로 나타나서 운동경기 종목별 유의적 차이를 보였다. 아침식사의 규칙성에 대해 펜싱과 사격선수가 육상과 수영선수에 비해 '불규칙하다'고 응답한 비율이 유의적으로 높았다 주로 섭취하는 간식으로는 스낵 및 과자류, 탄산음료, 초콜릿, 사탕류＆gt;우유, 요구르트, 아이스크림 등 유제품＆gt;빵, 케이크, 떡(볶이)＆gt;라면＆gt;햄버거, 피자 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 인천지역 대표 여자 운동선수의 건강과 식습관은 운동종목별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로, 이들 청소년 대표 여자 운동선수의 운동수행 능력과 건강을 위해 올바른 식습관 형성을 위한 영양상담 및 교육프로그램이 운동종목별로 다양하게 개발되어 실용화되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

There are many concerns about the smoking among adolescents. Smoking status, smoking habit and dietary habit of high school students were studied using anonymous questionnaires. One hundred fifteen of 380 students(30.3%) have experienced smoking and 58.3% of them initiated it in the middle school, mostly because of the curiosity. The most plausible reasons for smoking were for stress reduction and feel bored. The students who smoked cigarettes were not likely to eat properly and their dietary habits were generally inadequate. The smoking group had less consideration of food balance, more skipping breakfast, more irregular meal time, less snack, and less frequent intake of vegetables. Also one-day dietary records obtained from 24hr recall showed less diverse food intake in smoking students. Considering the risk of poor eating behavior in smoking, nutritional care should be taken to emphasize as well as the smoking prevention and health programs, and more attention needs to be given to the relationship between smoking and the attitude and the behavior of smoking students toward their health, including proper eating habits. Since the results revealed that the majority of smoking students had previously attempted or thought about quitting to smoke, proper support programs that are more comprehensive and not temporal need to be developed.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1998

This study was peformed by questionnaire to investigate the recognition, preference and intake of calcium and related food behaviors of middle-aged people (males 600, females 550) in Daegu area. The daily intake was determined by 24-hr dietary recall method. The results were summarized as follows: The meal skipping, diet and nutrition consideration ratio of the subjects were 40.6, 11.1, 34.6% respectively. The recognition scores of calcium of the subjects were 14.3 for male and 15.1 for female, respectively. Also the preference scores of calcium source foods of the subjects were 3.6 for male and 3.5 for female. They preferred laver, cabbage, bean curd and lettuce, in that order, but they disliked cheese and ice cream. The variety of calcium source foods was remarkably low. Milk products were the lowest preferred and eaten calcium source foods. A day's calcium intake was 68.4% (478.6 mg) of the RDA for Koreans. There were significant positive correlations among the recognition, preference and intake scores of calcium.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intakes and food lifestyles between double income families' children and full-time housewives' children. The subjects included 525 children ages 4 to 7 years old. The proportion of children receiving regular meals was 77.8%. One of the primary reasons for skipping breakfast was 'no appetite'(49.9%). In terms of food habit score 20.8% of the subjects belonged to the 'good' category and children from double income families had significantly higher scores than in full-time housewives' children(p<0.01). The first consideration for meal preparation was significantly different between the two types of families : for 44.3% of the children from it was double income families it was 'favorite', while for 42.8% of full-time housewives' children it was 'nutrition'(p<0.001). Mothers' attention to food for the health of their children was the primary reason in the response 'have regular meals each day'(90.6%). Vitamin C and fat intakes were significantly different between double income families' children and in full-time housewives' children(p<0.01, p<0.05). In conclusion, double income families' children have a lower frequency for eating breakfast and lower intakes of nutrients, such as Ca, P, K, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, and vitamin C than full-time housewives' ones.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2001

The relationship among food behavior, psychological factor(life strees) and perceive tiredness was investigated in 514 adolescents. Tiredness was measured in four cases: in lessons, before school, in the early evening and at weekends. Adolescents felt most tired in lessons and before school, and leat at weekends. Irregularity of meal times and skipping breakfast were positively correlated with tiredness in lessons and befor school. Consumption of some foods was related to perceived tiredness. High sugar or fat containing ice-cream, hamburger of fizzy drinks in boys, and crisps and cookies in girls were positively associated with tiredness. Whereas beans and mushrooms were negatively associated with tiredness in girls. Life stress(by scholastic problem and personal problem) of adolescents was positively related to tiredness. The contribution of stress to tiredness was much greater than of food behavior according to multiple linear regression .There was no relationship between nutrients intake and tiredness in lessons and before school which were more strongly influenced by stress, whereas the relationship was found at weekend without influences of stress. The more tired, the lower NARs(nutrient adequacy ratio) of energy, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$, and niacin were. In conclusion, some eating behavior and psychological factor can cause tiredness in adolescents, but tiredness in school and before school had more of a psychological cause than at weekend. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):89-97, 2001)

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to compare the obesity related dietary factors among rural middle school students living in the Daegu.Kyungbuk area. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 162.7$\pm$8.6cm and 53.9$\pm$9.8kg in 220 male students and 158.4$\pm$6.2cm and 51.0$\pm$7.6kg in 210 female student. Mean BMIs for boys and girls were 19.00$\pm$2.35 and 19.30$\pm$2.45, respectively. 71.36% of male students and 71.9% of female students were underweight by the BMI index. Students who skipped the breakfast were up to 66.8%. The reasons for skipping a meal for both sexes were significantly different. Compared to males, more female respondents felt guilty and depressed related to eating. Furthermore, females were more significantly concerned about body image, diet and body weight (p<0.001), and they were not satisfied with their weight. The sources of information on obesity and diet were radio and TV in males, while females gathered information from magazines and friends. The ideal body weight of male students was heavier than the actual body weight while female students desired a thinner body shape. In conclusion, a different approach for nutrition education based on sex should be developed, and implemented fur adolescents.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2000

This study was carried out with 200 students of Chungbuk National University to investigate their dietary behavior and calcium intake and to find out variables among general characteristics of subjects which influence dietary behavior and calcium intake. Questionaires and interviews were used for data collection. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Dietary behavior of college students were not desirable as a whole. The percentages of skipping breakfast and irregular meal among students were over one third, respectively. Especially students living alone skipped breakfast more frequently, took their meals more irregularly, and their eating frequencies of 6 food groups were lower compared to students eating at home. 2) Calcium intake was significantly different according to gender. Mean calcium intake of male students was 744.0 mg/day and that of female students was 480.8 mg/day. Average %RDA of calcium intake of female students was 68.5%. Resource food contributing to calcium intake in the first order was milk, next was yogurt, Small anchovies, kimchi made with Chinese cabbage, ice cream and soybean curd in that order. From the results of this study, we found that the students living alone and female students are exposed to high risk of poor dietary behavior and undernutrition of calcium. In conclusion, nutrition education programs for them are required as soon as possible.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.172-185
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the information concerning dietary patterns and analysis of the various factors that influence obesity. The subjects of this study were 1,020 middle and high school students in Seoul. Subjects were classified into under weight, normal weight and over weight group by body mass index. We investigated eating habits, life habits, food behavior and food consumption. Data were collected by questionnair and analysed with the SAS program. The results of this study way are summarized and concluded as fellows; In the case of dietary pattern, over weight group showed significantly higher in skipping a meal than the other group. Also over weight group tend to eat fast. There were significant differences of food intake frequency score by body mass index. From the results of factor analysis of variable related to obesity, 4 factors were generated and the factors were named 'Food behavior related to obesity', 'Snack consumption pattern', 'Life habit', 'Family environment related to food habit'. These factors were associated with obesity. To maintain nutritional balance and health, we should implement to ensure good dietary patterns.