• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 2022

Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are generally known to be at greater risk for thrombosis, with arterial thrombosis-related complications being relatively rare compared to venous thrombosis-related complications. This report describes a 46-year-old male with historically proven minimal change disease (MCD) complicated by acute aortoiliac thrombosis. He had been diagnosed with MCD 8 months previously and was treated successfully with steroids. He was prescribed a second course of high-dose steroids (prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day) due to a relapse of MCD at the outpatient clinic 8 days before the emergency department visit. The patient presented with severe pain in both lower limbs and was diagnosed with aortoiliac thrombosis that developed during high-dose steroid treatment. He subsequently underwent surgical thromboembolectomy. Hypoalbuminemia has the strongest association with the risk of thromboembolism. According to international clinical practice guidelines, anticoagulant therapy is recommended when serum albumin is ≤2-2.5 g/dL. However, as serum albumin levels may be relatively high in the early phase of NS, as in this case report, an individualized anticoagulation strategy for each patient should be considered, regardless of serum albumin levels.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 1992

The mitotic cycle duration(MCD) and component phase periods of rice(Oryza sativa L.) root meristem cells on the different salt concentrations were investigated by using of tritiated thymidine. The time interval between the maxima of sequential mitotic appearances of marked cells was used as criteria in measuring the MCD of rice. The MCD of rice cultivars 'Seomjinbyeo and Chilseongbyeo' at 0.0%, 0.3%, and 0.6% of salt concentrations appeared the same period as 12hr. The durations of component phase of rice cultivar 'Seomjinbyeo' were the almost same periods at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.6% of salt, but in 'Chilseongbyeo' cultivar the G1 and G2 periods were shorter while the S period was longer at 0.3% and 0.6% of salt. Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and protein synthesis were increased while ribonucleic acid(RNA) synthesis was decreased with increasing salt concentrations at Chilseombyeo roots. In Seomjinbyeo roots, DNA and RNA synthesis were decreased while protein synthesis was increased with increasing salt concentrations. These results suggest that DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis may not affect the MCD in rice, but the increase of protein synthesis may be related to the salt tolerance of rice.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2005

Purpose : To determine the histological findings and treatment outcome in cases of child hood nephrotic syndrome which required renal biopsy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, laboratory, pathologic findings and therapeutic outcomes of 159 nephrotic children who received a renal biopsy at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyunghee Medical University Hospital, Seoul from 1984 to 2004 over a period of 21 years. The renal biopsy was performed in nephrotic children who showed atypical features at presentation, or needed cytotoxic therapy because of frequent-relapsing, steroid-dependent, or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS). Results : Minimal change disease(MCD) was found in 52.1$\%$ of the patients, followed by diffuse mesangial proliferation(33.1$\%$), focal segmental gomerulosclerosis(5.3$\%$), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(2.4$\%$), membranous nephropathy(2.4$\%$), and IgA nephropathy(1.8$\%$). In MCD children, 14.8$\%$ had hematuria, 22.7$\%$ had hypertension, 5.7$\%$ showed decreased renal function, and no patient was found to have an abnormal complement level. Among patients diagnosed with diseases other than MCD, 43.2$\%$ had hematuria, 21.0$\%$ was found to be hypertensive, 7.4$\%$ of children showed decreased renal function and only 3(3.7$\%$) had decreased complement level; the rates of hematuria and SRNS were found to be significantly higher than MCD patients. Among 37 SRNS patients, 30(81.0$\%$) showed a final remission state with long-term steroid therapy, including methylprednisolone pulse therapy, over 4 months, with or without cytotoxic therapy. Conclusion : Almost half of the cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome requiring renal biopsy were not diagnosed with MCD. Among atypical features, hematuria and steroid-resistance would be the most probable indicators for a diagnosis other than MCD. Even in patients with SRNS, long-term methylprednisolone pulse therapy may result in a good remission rate. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:149-158)

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-51
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• 2005

Mast cell is a cell that functions mainly in our body with a respect to inflammation and allergic response. Bee venom has been progressed in a study as a model related to mechanism in alleviation of pain until now, but it is being progressed in a study relevant to immunocyte in anti-inflammation or anti-allergic response. The present study is aimed to present the basis related to a future study of gene, by researching the influence of melittin and MCD Peptide, which are major ingredients in Bee venom, upon the expression of gene in the mast cell strain. In this study, it dealt with melittin and MCD Peptide respectively, in the effective concentration after passing though the experiment of cytotoxicity by using human mast cell strain. Also, with the respect in the aspect of expression in gene that changes at this time, information was obtained through the technique of analyzing microarray. Through experimental statistics, when regarding a case that global M is significant in more than 1 or -1, in melittin, all 7 genes were accelerated, and 8 inhibited. In MCDP, 7 genes were accelerated and 17 genes inhibited. The function in the body to which these genes are related, was associated with the protein binding within a cell, the activation in the function of lymphocyte, the acceptor related to macrophage antigen. In cell nucleus, substance related to GABA A receptor, protein associated with cAMP reactive element, substance related to complement system No.8 and to B-cell, protein substance related to polycystic kidney disease, substance related to inflammation, and the protein substance of influencing coagulation of blood. Through these results of analysis, it could obtain more useful materials in clarifying the mechanism of action in melittin and MCD peptide, which are in charge of mainly medical action in the abdomen. Also, it is thought that an in-depth study on the influence of main ingredients in Bee venom, the wholly honey bee venom aqua upon anti-allergic response or anti-inflammation are further required.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Purpose : Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is the most common primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Some suggested that tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) are involved in the pathogenesis of MCD. Methods : This study was done to see the changes of plasma and urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$, and its effect on the determination of permeability of the glomerular basement membrane (BM) contributed by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). Study patients consisted of 19 biopsy-proven MCD children aged 2-15 years old. Both plasma and urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured. Employing the Millicell system, $TNF-{\alpha}$ was screened for the permeability factors. We examined whether $TNF-{\alpha}$ regulated BM HSPG gene expression and HS synthesis in the glomerular epithelial cells (GECs). Results : Urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$ during relapse was significantly increased when compared with that of during remission or controls ($364.4{\pm}51.2$ vs $155.3{\pm}20.8,\;36.0{\pm}4.5$ ng/mg cr) (P<0.05). However, negative results were obtained in the permeability assay using the Millicell system. No difference was seen in the BM HSPG gene expression and HS synthesis in the GECs. Conclusion : It seems that $TNF-{\alpha}$ may not play a disease-specific role in the pathogenesis of MCD.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

Eight colors prescribed by the Enforcement Rules of the Road Traffic Act and the group standard were tested to secure the minimum recursive reflectance performance standards when drying and wetting. The results were calculated to be 260.8 (mcd/㎡·lux) when drying white and 154.6 (mcd/㎡·lux) when wet. Yellow was 67% compared to the white reflective performance when drying. Wet poetry was 79 % and 59 %, respectively. In the case of blue, it was 64% in the case of white versus 72% in the case of white. Wet poetry was 63 % and 72 %, respectively. The range of changes in reflective performance during wetting was higher than when drying, and the absence of glass grains was similar to the previous results. The new colors also have a standard value of more than 50% compared to the white color in red, orange, pink, light green, and green. Based on this, it was estimated that the minimum reflective performance criteria according to the color of the road markings would form the basis for the enforcement rules of the Road Traffic Act.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2003

Phosphorescent PET/liquid color films and phosphorescent PET/disperse dyes films were prepared by melt casting method using Hot press. Then, weight ratios and exhaustion percent of films were 0.7, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.3 wt.%. The effects of L/C and D/D contents(wt.%) of films on the thermal properties, crystal structure, H(%), brightness$(mcd/mm^2)$, morphology, and tensile properties were investigated by means of DSC and WAXD, etc. It was found that the melting temperature and crystalline diffraction peaks were not changes with increasing the liquid color contents and disperse dyes exhaustion. Also, in case of using liquid color to phosphorescent PET film, the H(%) and brightness$(mcd/mm^2)$ value were superior to phos.PET/disperse dyes film. The tensile strength and the tensile modulus were decreased with increasing the contents of liquid color and exhaustion of disperse dyes in the phosphorescent PET film. Also, the elongation at break was increased with increasing the contents of liquid color and exhaustion of disperse dyes in the phosphorescent PET film.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 1993

The feature based modeling approach is useful for post-CAD related works such as process planning and NC part programming. This paper describes the development of 'FeaTURN' system which is feature based NC part programming system for turning operation. The programming task in 'FeaTURN' system becomes easy and effective with the assistance of feature icons. The manufacturing attributes can be handled toghther with the features during input procedure. The cutter location data (CLD) is determined by the processor module. The post process module converts the CL data to machine control data (MCD). Also, the system graphically displays the tool path.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.601-610
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• 2018

The national accuracy of global land cover (GLC) products is of great importance to ecological and environmental research. However, GLC products that are derived from different satellite sensors, with differing spatial resolutions, classification methods, and classification schemes are certain to show some discrepancies. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of four commonly used GLC datasets in South Korea, GLC2000, GlobCover2009, MCD12Q1, and GlobeLand30. First, we compared the area of seven classes between four GLC datasets and a reference dataset. Then, we calculated the accuracy of the four GLC datasets based on an aggregated classification scheme containing seven classes, using overall, producer's and user's accuracies, and kappa coefficient. GlobeLand30 had the highest overall accuracy (77.59%). The overall accuracies of MCD12Q1, GLC2000, and GlobCover2009 were 75.51%, 68.38%, and 57.99%, respectively. These results indicate that GlobeLand30 is the most suitable dataset to support a variety of national scientific endeavors in South Korea.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2003

Purpose : Minimal Change Disease(MCD) is the most common primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Some suggested that tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) are involved in the pathogenesis of MCD. This study was done to see the changes of plasma and urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$, and their effects on the permeability of glomerular basement membrane. Methods : Study patients consisted of 19 biopsy-proven MCD children aged 2-15 years old. Both plasma and urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured. Employing the Millicell system, $TNF-{\alpha}$ were screened for the permeability factors. Results : Urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$ during relapse was significantly increased(P<0.01). No significant change was seen in the plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ during relapse when compared to those in remission and the healthy controls. Furthermore, in the in vitro Millicell system, $TNF-{\alpha}$ did not produce a significant change in albumin permeability. Conclusion : Therefore, it seems that $TNF-{\alpha}$ may not play a disease-specific role in the pathogenesis of MCD.