• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.41-51
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• 2005

We examined whether extracts from 14 local citrus spp. on Jeju Island (Korea) contained chemosensitizing activity that would increase the cytotoxic effect of vincristine(VCR) in drug-resistant cancer cells. We report that methanol extracts from fruits and flowers of some species had a chemosensitizing effect that reversed P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Using drug-sensitive AML-2/WT and drug-resistant AML-2/D100 in the absence of VCR in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells we found that fruit or flower extracts alone generally had low cytotoxicity $(IC_{50}>200\;{\mu}g/ml)$. In studies examining the effect of extracts on 120 ng/ml VCR cytotoxicity in drug-resistant AML-2/D100 cells, we found that immature fruit extracts had greater chemosensitizing activity than either extracts from mature fruit or flower. Of the 14 species examined, the immature fruit extract from Inchangkyool (Citrus ichangiensis) showed the hishest chemosensitizing index(CI) valus. Immature fruit extracts of Hongkyool(C. tachibana), Byungkyool(C. platymamma), Cheongkyool(C. nippokoreana) and Jinkyool (C. sunki) also strongly potentiated VCR cytotoxicity in AML-2/D100 cells. The chemosensitizing effect of peel extracts was 2-10-fold that of whole fruit extracts from Hongkyool (C. tachibana), Byungkyool (C. platymamma) and Inchangkyool (C. inchangiensis). The CI values for flower extracts were higher than those for mature fruit extracts, but lower than those for immature fruit extracts. These results indicate that immature citrus fruits contain compounds that do not exert their activity solely through cytotoxicity. In particular, Incahngkyool (C. inchangiensis), Byungkyool(C.platymamma), Cheongkyool(C. nippokoreana) and Hongkyool (C. tahibana) may be useful sources of chemosensitizing compounds.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2011

Cold pretreatment, washing medium and composition of nutrient media may have marked effects on microspore embryogenesis. When microspores isolated from radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Gwanhun) flower buds were washed with Nitsch & Nitsch (NLN) medium liquid medium containing $130g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose (NLN-13), yields of microspore-derived embryos were greater than when using B5 liquid medium containing $130g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose. Microspore viability is known to decrease rapidly with storage; however, in this experiment, microspore viability was maintained for 24 h at $4^{\circ}C$ without media. Among the various medium concentrations used ($0.25{\times}$, $0.5{\times}$, $1.0{\times}$, $2.0{\times}$, and $4.0{\times}$ NLN liquid medium), $0.5{\times}$ NLN liquid medium induced the most efficient formation of microspore-derived embryos. In addition, microspore-derived embryos yields were greater when microspores were cultured in $0.5{\times}$ NLN liquid medium supplemented with $0.25{\times}$, $0.5{\times}$, and $1.0{\times}$ NLN microelements, compared to medium not supplemented with microelements. In this study, the highest yield of microspore-derived embryos was observed when the microspores derived from flower buds were washed using NLN-13 liquid medium and then cultured on $0.5{\times}$ NLN liquid medium supplemented with $0.25{\times}$ NLN microelements, followed by incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2011

This study examined the types and cooking methods for dasik (traditional pressed sweet), as recorded in 16 old Joseon dynasty (1392-1909) studies. The ingredients used in dasik during the Joseon dynasty were categorized into cereal powders, tree fruits, flower powders, root clods, dry-fish beef powders, and vegetables. In the early, middle, and late eras of the Joseon dynasty, $1^{st}$ set (two, five, and 70 kinds of dasik), $2^{nd}$ set (two, four, and 16 kinds of dasik) were prepared using cereal powders, and during the middle and late eras of the Joseon dynasty one and 22 kinds of dasik were prepared using tree fruits. During the late eras of the Joseon dynasty, seven kinds of dasik were prepared using flower powders, 11 kinds of dasik were prepared using root clods, 12 kinds of dasik were prepared using dry-fish beef powders, and two kinds of dasik were prepared using vegetables. The frequency of the ingredients were in the order of Huek-im (黑荏), Hwang-yul (黃栗), Jin-mal (眞末), Song-wha (松花), and Nok-mal (菉末) during the Joseon dynasty. To prepare dasik, the ingredients were mixed with honey, soy sauce, sesame oil, pepper, and water or ground and shredded to prepare for pressing and for abstract dasik, respectively. The appearance and taste of dasik varied, thereby resulting in nutrient supplementation, as the types of ingredients increased throughout the Joseon dynasty. This observation may be associated with the commercial industrial development that prevailed during the late Joseon dynasty. Further investigation will be conducted on the recipes and ingredients recorded in these old studies to develop a standardized recipe for the globalization of dasik.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2001

Thionins are a family of low molecular weight cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides. We isolated a cDNA encoding thionin gene from a flower bud cDNA library of Chinese cabbage (CFT). The gene contains 611 by nucleotides with 60 bp, and 150 by untranslated regions at its N- and C-terminal, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded 133 amino acids containing precursor polypeptide. The protein reveals that the precursor has a tripartite structure: a putative signal sequence at the N-terminus, followed by a mature thionin peptide, and a C-terminal acidic domain, which facilitates transport of the mature thionin through membrane. Genomic Southern blot analysis suggests that the CFT gene may be present as a single or two copy gene in the Chinese cabbage genome. Northern blot analysis shows that the gene is specifically expressed in flowers, but not in leaves, stems, or roots. When we analyzed the antifungal activity of the recombinant CFT protein, which was expressed in E. coli using the truncated cDNA region corresponding to the mature protein part, it was not active on fungal growth inhibition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2016

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.146-148
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• 1994

강원도(江原道) 지방(地方)에서 일반(一般) 관행법(慣行法)으로 재배(栽培)할 때 5월(月)제(第)1본엽(本葉) 출현후(出現後)부터 5월(月) 하순(下旬) 제(第)3본엽(本葉) 출현시(出現始)까지 경단조직(莖端助織)의 화아분화(花芽分化) 상태(狀態)를 관찰(觀察)한 바 참당귀의 화아분화(花芽分化)는 제(第)2본엽(本葉)이 출현한 5월(月) 중순경(中旬頃)으로 관찰되었으나 묘소질의 차이에 의한 개체별 분화기변리(分化期變異)가 심(甚)하였다. 따라서 재배관리상(栽培管理上) 추대(抽臺)를 억제(抑制) 또는 감소(減少)시킬 목적(目的)으로 억제(抑制) 물질(物質) 처리(處理), 일장(日長)이나 광도조절(光度調節) 등의 인위적(人爲的) 조치(措置)는 이 시기를 고려함이 바람직 할 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.367-367
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• 2017

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures, sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was 15.8 g kg-1 and C/N rate was 20.3. Its growth was good in sandy loam and loam. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, which are approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference between soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover was 2.5 Mg ha-1, 2.3 Mg ha-1 each in sandy loam and loam. Therefore, it was approximately 0.8 ~ 1.1 Mg ha-1 higher than dry weight of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover was increased late harvest time. Nitrogen contribution were higher in loam and clay loam, when it was respectively 51.3 kg ha-1, 53.5 kg ha-1. Therefore, according to flowering properties and dry weight, the growth and development of crimson clover was finest in sandy loam and loam.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2015

The flower buds of Sophora japonica L (SF), as a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, have been used to treat bleeding-related disorders such as hematochezia, hemorrhoidal bleeding, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and diarrhea. However, no specific anti-cancer effect and its molecular mechanism of SF have been described. Thus, we performed in vitro study to investigate if treatment of SF affects activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression and ATF3-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. The effects of SF on cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and Western blot analysis against cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). ATF3 activation induced by SF was evaluated using Western blot analysis, RT-PCR and ATF3 promoter assay. SF treatment caused decrease of cell viability and increase of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Exposure of SF activated the levels of ATF3 protein and mRNA via transcriptional regulation in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 by PD98059 and p38 by SB203580 attenuated SF-induced ATF3 expression and transcriptional activation. Ectopic ATF3 overexpression accelerated SF-induced cleavage of PARP. These findings suggest that SF-mediated apoptosis may be the result of ATF3 expression through ERK1/2 and p38-mediated transcriptional activation.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

'URI 2010-6'은 우리꽃종묘에서 2011년 종간 교잡종인 'Evergreen Emerald'을 자방친으로 D. chinensis 'Ruby'를 화분친으로 실시한 교잡의 $F_1$ 후대로부터 선발, 육성한 패랭이꽃속 신품종이다. 2007년 교배실생 개체를 획득하였고, 2008년부터 2010년까지 3년 동안의 생육특성검정을 통해 선발하여 2011년 국립종자원에 'URI 2010-6'로 신품종 등록하였다(품종보호: 제4431호). 'URI 2010-6'의 화색은 주로 밝은 적색(Red, N79C)이며, 2차색으로 백색(White, N155C)이 꽃잎 가장자리와 꽃잎에 반점형태로 발현되는 석죽형의 홑꽃이다. 또한 꽃의 직경은 2.7cm, 길이는 0.8cm이고, 개화 지속기간은 평균 150일 정도로 장기개화가 가능하며, 겨울철에도 상록성이 우수하다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2008

덴파레 유묘 및 성묘의 온도, 일장, 생장조절제에 의한 생육 및 개화기 촉진을 목적으로 10시간 및 16시간 일장처리는 3월 24일부터 5월 23일까지 하여 생육 및 개화조사를 하였다. 1년생묘(유묘) 덴파레 'Semi alba'를 온도와 일장처리 결과, $30/25^{\circ}C$로 12주 처리시 생육이 가장 빨랐고, 16시간 일장일 때 신초의 생육과 개화가 촉진되었다. 2년생묘 (성묘) 덴파레 'Candistriape ${\times}$ Tedtakiguz'의 일장처리에서는 16시간 일장에서 소화수, 화폭, 경장 등 개화특성에는 차이가 나지 않았으나, 신초에서부터 개화소요일수는 16시간 일장이 216일, 자연일장 241일, 10시간 일장은 243일로, 16시간 일장이 자연일장이나 10시간일장보다 약 25일 빨랐다. 생장조절제처리는 생장과 개화에 뚜렷한 효과가 없었다.