• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2003

Whether respiratory muscle training is of benefit to the singing students is controversial. The purpose of the study is to investigate pulmonary function and the maximal inspiratory(MIP) and expiratory pressure(MET), and maximum phonation time in five female singing students before and after the specially programmed respiratory muscle training during 2 months. All singing students had average 4.8 years of formal classical voice training. Respiratory muscle training machine (Ultrabreath) was used to train respiratory muscle. Pulmonary function test data on simple pulmonary function, flow volume curve, static lung volumes are obtained from Vmax 6200. The MIP and MEP were measured using Spirovis, and the MPT were measured using hand-held stopwatch. Any pulmonary function test variables are not changed after respiratory muscle training. However, MIP and MEP were significantly increased between before and after respiratory muscle training. MPT increased significantly after training, compared to the pre-trained. MIP, MEP, and MPT after training in female singing students were 26%, 25% and 33% higher than those before training. The result indicated that the specially programmed respiratory muscle training is beneficial to improve respiratory muscle strength and vocal function without an increment in pulmonary function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1995

Bowing of the vocal cords may be due to aging. atrophy. bilateral superior laryngeal nerve paralysis. injudicious vocal cord surgery, of an idiopathic cause. The bowing usually produces a dysphonia characterized by breathiness due to air escape : however, it can produce aphonia. This report reviews vocal function after surgical correction of bowing of the vocal cords for diagnosis and management. The vocal function of 13 patients with sulcus vocalis and 12 patients with vocal cord atrophy was evaluated with the use of a test battery of multidimensional evaluation items. The voice was improved postoperatively in most patients. The voice improvement was reflected objectively in maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate during phonation, stroboscopic findings. sound pressure level range and fundamental frequency range of phonation, and results of acoustic analyses of tape-recorded voice. The vocal function after surgical correction of the sulcus vocalis and vocal cord atrophy was improved postoperatively in most patient, but the results were not satisfactory.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.169-189
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• 2003

Trained singers, one group of professional voice users, have much more interest on the voice than common people, and on its management, too. They train for singing beautiful songs, and, at the same time, try for efficient voice production. The present study was performed with three tenors and three baritones, undergraduate students majored in classical singing, to investigate the degree of improvement of their voice production efficiency through vocal function exercise, by measuring the three dependent variables, maximum phonation time, speed quotient of glottal contact, and the number of semi tones. For the baseline establishment, dependent variables were measured 3$\sim$6 times for two weeks. Then, the subjects exercised vocal function exercise for seven weeks, and after the termination of training, evaluation was performed four times for two weeks, to find the maintenance of the training effect. Vocal function exercise is composed of four successive steps: warm-up, stretching exercise, contracting exercise, power exercise. As results, all of six subjects showed improvement in the aspect of maximum phonation time, speed quotient if glottal contact, and the number of semitones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1997

Recently, many people suffering from voice color change visit otolaryngologist. There is no specific data which can be evaluated objectively for voice color change in korean. In aerodynamic study, maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate, phonatory flow volume and subglottal pressure were tested by using Aerophone II voice function analyzer in korean. 112 male and 122 female aged from 10 to 69 years were randomly selected. Maximum phonation time was 20.8${\pm}$6.4sec in male and 17.2${\pm}$4.1sec in female. Mean air flow rate was 167.1${\pm}$61.4ml/sec. in male and 129.6${\pm}$49.3ml/sec in female. Phonatory flow volume was 3184.5${\pm}$646.0ml in male and 2122.1${\pm}$670.5ml in female. Subglottal pressure was 4.1${\pm}$1.8 cmH2O in male and 3.5${\pm}$1.4cm $H_2O$ in female. There was no statistically significant difference among age groups in all above results.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2000

Speech evaluation and treatment planning for the patients with articulation disorders have traditionally been based on perceptual judgement by speech pathologists. Recently, various computerized speech analysis systems have been developed and commonly used in clinical settings to obtain the objective and quantitative data and specific treatment strategies. 10 dysarthric children (6 neurogenic and 4 functional dysarthria) participated in this experiment. Speech evaluation of dysarthria was performed in two ways; first, the acoustic analysis by Visi-Pitch and a Computerized Speech Lab and second, the perceptual scoring of phonetic errors rates in 100 word test. The results of the initial evaluation served as primary guidlines for the indivisualized treatment planning of each patient's speech problems. After mean treatment period of 5 months, the follow-up data of both dysarthric groups showed increased maximum phonation time, increased alternative motion rate and decreased occurrence of articulatory deviation. The changes of acoustic data and therapeutic effects were more prominent in children with dysarthria due to neurologic causes than with functional dysarthria. Three cases including their pre- and post treatment data were illustrated in detail.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

Cerebral palsy children represent abnormal vocalization pattern caused by respiration problem and paralyzed oral motor muscle that are the basics of speech production. Thus, this study examined the effect of respiration and articulator training programs on the basic ability of speech production in CP children. The subjects of this study were 4 children with 3 of spastic CP and 1 of ataxia CP. The respiration and articulator program was conducted in 30 sessions for 30 minutes each. Pre-test was administered twice before the program, ongoing test was administered every 5 session during the period of experiment, and post-test was administered twice. The program included speech production such as respiration training, lips, jaw, cheek, and tongue exercise, and velopharyngeal training, and related articulator training. The following results were obtained. First, all subject children were less than 5 seconds in maximum phonation time before the experiment and 2 were improved by more than 4$\sim$5 seconds during the experiment, but 2 had relatively low rising width. Second, while children with less than 30dB before the experiment became bigger in strength during the experiment, children with more than 35dB before the experiment showed a minor change. Subject child 4 had lower vocal strength in the post-test period. Finally, although each subject had individual difference in syllable diadochokinetic ability, the function was improved and the number of repetition in one respiration was also increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2002

MIP was significantly increased in singers, compared to the untrained group. MIP in patients showed decreasing tendency compared to the untrained group, but were significantly lower than that in singers. MEP in singers was higher than that in the untrained group. MPT increased significantly in singers, but diminished in patients compared to the untrained group. MIP, MEP, and MPT in male singers were 50.8%, 61.0%, and 28.7 % higher than those in female singers. MIP, MEP, and MPT in the untrained male were more increased 32.3%, 25.0%, and 28.7%, respectively than those in the untrained female. There was no correlation between MPT and MIP or MEP. Regression analysis of the data set showed that weight and vocal cord dysfunction was a positive predictor of MPT. Factors affecting MIP were male, singers and weight. Factors affecting MEP were male, singers, vocal cord dysfunction and weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2000

To determine what is the change of pre and postoperative voice and image analysis parameters and correlations between them, videostroboscopy was analyzed in each 18 patients with unilateral vocal cord paralyses or vocal polyps before and after the surgery from November, 1996 to April, 1999. The correlation between acoustic and aerodynamic parameters was investigated. The software-Videolink and $\pi$-View(Mediface Co, Seoul, Korea)-was used in a quantitative analysis. In unilateral vocal cord paralysis, the glottic angle is well correlated with maximum phonation time, jitter and shimmer preoperatively. The postoperative glottic angle is also correlated with preoperative maximum phonation time. In patients with the vocal polyp, the chink is postoperatively decreased, but the size of the chink and the polyp is not correlated with pre and postoperative voice analysis parameters. These findings reveal that glottic an and vocal fold angle are good indicators of e postoperative glottic configuration in unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Vocal fold ratio is also a useful indicator that represents the length of vocal folds. We consider that the computerized analysis through videostroboscopy is one of objective diagnostic methods in many voice disorders if we can measure a distance between the telelaryngoscope and vocal folds.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.171-188
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• 2008

This study was purposed to introduce Korean Oro-motor Mechanism Screening Examination (KOMSE) and to provide the standardized scores taken from 120 normal adults aged $18{\sim}59$. KOMSE was composed of 13 items of structure, 17 items of function, 3 items of voice, and 14 items of regularity and accuracy of articulation during diadochokinesis. Additionally, maximum phonation time and diadochokinetic rates were measured. Total score of KOMSE is ranged from 0 to 200. It was significantly higher in the $50{\sim}59$ age group than in the $20{\sim}29$ age group, but was not significantly different in sex. MPT had a significant difference in sex, but no significant difference among different age groups. The rate of DDK was also had no significant difference among different age groups. However, some reducing trend in the rate of DDK was observed as age increased. KOMSE would be very helpful for SLPs to screen the abnormality of oro-motor mechanism.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2012

The patients with incomplete glottic closure have an important feature decreasing the maximum phonation time (MPT) because airflow rate or air leakage is greater than people without voice disorders. Also they can appear a problem in the intensity regulation. This study analyzed MPT difference based on the comfortable intensity and louder intensity and the correlation between MPT and respiration volume of unilateral vocal fold palsy (UVFP) and sulcus vocalis (SV) group. The twenty with UVFP, the 21 with SV, the 21 normal subjects measured MPT in /a/ vowel prolongation task with comfortable intensity and louder intensity and compared analysis by measuring FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$ to analyze the correlation between MPT and respiration volume. First, a comparison of MPT according to the intensity between groups is that MPT of the normal group was statistically significant long compared to the patient group in comfortable intensity, but MPT between groups was not statistically significant difference in the louder intensity. Second, an analysis of the correlation between MPT and respiration volume is that this was statistically significant correlation between MPT in comfortable intensity and MPT in louder intensity. But this did not show statistically significant correlation between intensity and respiration volume. This study can be supported the preceding study results deduced that shorting MPT of the patient group compared to the normal group was originated in the problem of laryngeal valving mechanism at the level of vocal folds rather than a problem of respiratory function. Also at the phonation by varying the intensity, the result can deduce that in the case of patient group, the length of MPT had been improved by increasing the glottal closure ratio in the louder intensity. These results can support the theoretical basis that should be applied to the clinicians by varying the intensity at the voice evaluation and voice therapy for the patients with the glottis incompetence.