• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

Singing requires exquisite coordination between the respiratory and phonatory system to efficiently control glottal airflow. Respiratory function and vocal aerodynamics were investigated in six female professional sopranos and in six female subjects without vocal training. All sopranos had more than 15 years of formal classic vocal training. Pulmonary function test data on simple pulmonary function, flow volume curve, static lung volumes, maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP), and maximum expiratory pressure(MEP) were obtained from all subjects. Vocal aerodynamic studies of maximum phonation time(MPT), phonation quotient, and mean glottal flow rates (MFR) were also measured in all subjects. Simple pulmonary function in professional sopranos was generally the same as that of other female subjects without vocal training. However, MIP and MEP showing respiratory muscle forces were significantly elevated in professional sopranos, compared to those of other female subjects without vocal training. Maximum phonation times and phonation quotient in sopranos are longer than those of other female subjects even though there were no differences in simple pulmonary function. High-pitched tones were made with significantly higher mean glottal flow rates(GFR) in normal subjects than low-pitched tones, whereas no changes in GFR were found in sopranos. The result indicated that sopranos demonstrated significant improvements in aerodynamic measures of GFR, maximum phonation time, suggesting an increase in glottal efficiency.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of breathing exercise in the water on the pulmonary function and maximum phonation time in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: The subjects were 24 children with cerebral palsy at GMFCS levels I-III, who were allocated randomly to either the aquatic breathing exercise group or general breathing exercise group 12 subjects per group. Each subject was required to complete 40 minutes of exercise twice a week for eight weeks. Those in the aquatic breathing exercise group performed aquatic breathing exercise, whereas those in the general breathing exercise group performed general aquatic exercise. RESULTS: Significant differences in $FEV_1$, PEF, VC, TV, ERV, and maximum phonation time were observed in the aquatic breathing exercise group after intervention, but there were no significant differences in either FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, IC, or IRV. In the general breathing exercise group, there were no significant differences in the FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$, PEF, VC, IC, TV, IRV, ERV, and maximum phonation time after intervention. In terms of the pulmonary function, the two groups showed a significant difference in the change in $FEV_1$, PEF, and TV after intervention, but not in the FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, VC, IC, ERV, IRV, and maximum phonation time. CONCLUSION: These results above show that aquatic breathing exercise training in water is more effective in improving the pulmonary function than general breathing exercise training.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

Background and Objectives : There are so many methods to investigate the causes of voice disorders. However, they were almost invasive or non-physiologic methods. And none of them showed the laryngeal movements. Phonation pharyngogram is non-invasive method to see the laryngeal movement directly. Authors studied to evaluate the availability of phonation pharyngogram in laryngeal nodule. Materials and Methods : 30 laryngeal nodules and 10 control groups were evaluated. Acoustic analysis and maximum phonation time were measured and pharyngogram was taken during sustaining /a/ phonation immediately after swallowing the barium. We measured the width of hypopharyngeal wall, shape of hypopharyngeal wall and pyriform sinus apex, level difference between both true vocal folds, angle of subglottis, location of true vocal folds, elevated distance of vocal folds and shape of c-spine. Results : Jitter, Shimmer of laryngeal nodule were higher than control group and maximum phonation time was shorter in laryngeal nodule. There was a significance in width of hypopharyngeal wall, shape of pyriform sinus apex, level difference between both true vocal folds, elevated distance of vocal folds and shape of c-spine. Conclusions : Authors knew that there were differences when we used the phonation pharyngogram between normal group and laryngeal nodule group.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1979년도 제13차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.8.3-8
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• 1979

음의 생성은 성문하의 기류가 성대에서 조절되고 성대상부의 Vocal tract에서 modulation되어 생성되므로 후두에 이상이 생기면 발성시 후두를 통과하는 기류에 변화가 오게된다. 타국에서는 Dohne(1944)과 Arnold(1955, 1958)등 여러학자들이 후두질환에 따른 공기역학적 변화를 측정하여 후두질환의 진단에 기여한 바 크다. 본 저자들은 후두질환에 따른 공기역학적 측정에 앞서 이에 대한 정상역치를 측정하여 그 기준치로 하고자 21∼30세의 정상인 남녀 각각 20명을 대상으로 Collins회사제 Respirometer를 이용하여 평균 기류유출률, 최대 밭성량, 최대발성시간 및 발성속력치 등을 측정하였기에 제 1보로서 보고하는 바이다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2023

목적: 물 속에서 튜브 발성은 semi-occluded vocal tract(SOVT) 연습 중 하나로 환자가 튜브를 물 속에 잠기게 하여 거품을 내면서 발성을 하는 것으로 음성 훈련에 널리 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 과기능성 음성장애 환자를 대상으로 물저항발성 동안 튜브 직경과 튜브를 담그는 물 깊이가 물거품 높이와 최대발성지속시간(maximum phonation time, MPT)에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법: 과기능성 음성장애 환자 17명에게 튜브 직경(5, 7, 10 mm), 튜브를 담그는 물 깊이(4, 7, 10 cm)에 따라 지속적인 /u/발성을 하면서 거품을 내도록 하였다. 물거품 높이 및 MPT 기록을 위해 수위 센서를 이용한 물저항발성 바이오피드백 시스템을 사용하였다. 결과: 물거품 높이는 튜브 직경에 의해 유의하게 변화한 반면 MPT는 튜브 직경과 깊이에 따라 유의하게 변화하였다. 직경이 더 넓을수록 주어진 깊이에 대해 유의하게 낮은 물거품 높이를 나타냈지만, 상대적으로 일관된 버블 높이가 유지되었다. 물의 깊이에 따라 주어진 튜브 직경에서 물거품 높이는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 물의 깊이에 따라 MPT는 유의하게 감소하였고 튜브가 넓을수록 MPT가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 수위 센서 방식의 물저항 바이오피드백 시스템은 튜브 직경 및 수심에 따른 기포 특성 및 성대 진동에 대해 유용한 정보를 제공하였다. 또한, 수위센서를 이용한 물저항발성 바이오시스템은 과기능적 음성장애가 있는 환자의 물저항 발성 중 호흡 지지를 모니터링하는 데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2016

The present study examined the change of aerodynamic features after laryngomicrosurgery in patients with vocal polyps. Aerodynamic evaluation was performed in thirty-nine patients (15 males and 24 females) one week before surgery and four weeks after surgery. Evaluation protocols of vital capacity, maximum sustained phonation(MXPH), and voicing efficiency(VOFT) were used to collect 29 phonatory aerodynamic measures, requiring voice with a comfortable pitch and loudness. Statistically significant changes were found for phonation time and airflow values in the MXPH protocol, while changes were also found for airflow values, subglottal pressure values and acoustic resistance values in the VOFT protocol. Although phonation time was increased in both male and female patients, gender-dependent changes were found in airflow measurements. Men's phonation time increased with no difference in airflow rate, but women's phonation time increased with decreased airflow rate and lower subglottal pressure. The changes of aerodynamic features may be affected by women's self-perceived change for vocal attitude, which was reducing sense of vocal effort after surgery.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

This study compared the aerodynamic multiparameters of whispers and phonation in patients with muscle misuse dysphonia(MMD) to evaluate the voice aerodynamic analysis for discrimination between whispers and phonation. Eleven patients with muscle misuse dysphonia were examined. Whispers were shorter with a maximum phonation time(MPT; p<.01), a lower phonatory sound pressure level(SPLp; p<.01), a higher phonatory flow rate (PFR; p<01), lower phonatory efficiency(PE; p<.01), and a lower phonatory resistance (PR; p<.05) than phonation. The subglottal pressure level was not significantly different between whispers and phonation. (Psub; p>.05). The ROC analysis showed that the threshold of 23.83 ppm for PE achieved a good classification for whispers, with the perfect sensitivity(100%) and specificity(100%). Those results indicate PE reliably distinguished between whispers and phonation. The results also suggest that PE may provide a useful tool for studying the laryngeal source.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Thyroidectomy patients may have vocal paralysis or paresis, resulting in a breathy voice. The aim of this study was to investigate the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a breathy voice in thyroidectomy patients. Thirty-five subjects who have vocal paralysis after thyroidectomy participated in this study. According to perceptual judgements by three speech pathologists and one phonetic scholar, subjects were divided into two groups: breathy voice group (n = 21) and non-breathy voice group (n = 14). Aerodynamic analysis was conducted by three tasks (Voicing Efficiency, Maximum Sustained Phonation, Vital Capacity) and acoustic analysis was measured during Maximum Sustained Phonation task. The breathy voice group had significantly higher subglottal pressure and more pathological voice characteristics than the non breathy voice group. Showing 94.1% classification accuracy in result logistic regression of aerodynamic analysis, the predictor parameters for breathiness were maximum sound pressure level, sound pressure level range, phonation time of Maximum Sustained Phonation task and Pitch range, peak air pressure, and mean peak air pressure of Voicing Efficiency task. Classification accuracy of acoustic logistic regression was 88.6%, and five frequency perturbation parameters were shown as predictors. Vocal paralysis creates air turbulence at the glottis. It fluctuates frequency-related parameters and increases aspiration in high frequency areas. These changes determine perceptual breathiness.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2011

This study evaluated the respiratory capacity of spastic cerebral palsy children who were grouped by GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) levels and identified the acoustic characteristics of three different types of Korean stops (stop consonants) which are needed for the temporal coordination of larynx and supra-larynx, in these children. Thirty-two children with dysarthria due to spastic cerebral palsy were divided into two subgroups: 14 children classified at GMFCS levels I~III were placed in Group 1 and 18 classified at GMFCS levels IV~V were placed in Group 11, and 18 children with normal speech were selected and placed in the control group. /a/ pronged phonation (sustained vowel /a/) and nine Korean VCV syllables were used. Examined acoustic characteristics were maximum phonation time (MPT) and closure duration and aspiration duration. The results were as follows: 1) The MPTs of the cerebral palsy (CP) groups, both Group I and Group II, were significantly shorter than those of the normal group. 2) The closure durations of the two CP groups were longer than those of the normal group for all 9 target syllables. 3) The aspiration durations of the two CP groups were longer than those of the normal group. 4) The closure duration of the normal and CP Group I was significantly different among tense, aspirated, and lax. However, the CP Group II was different from normal. 5) The aspiration duration of the normal and CP Group I was significantly different among aspirated, tense, and lax. However, the CP Group II was different from normal. 6) The place of articulation influenced less than the manner of articulation on closure and aspiration duration.

• 음성과학
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• 제3권
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• pp.38-49
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• 1998

Dysarthrias are a sort of neuromotor disorders because of the weakness of neuromotor controls. They are classified in six types on the basis of Mayo clinic research: flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypokinetic, hypekinetic and mixed types. Five dysarthria types are investigated in this study. MRI, EMG, neuropathological tests are essential diagnostic processing. Visi-Pitch and Spectrgraphy, CSL are used for assessing dysarthria speech. Maximum phonation time, diadochokinetic rate, Voice Onset Time and substitution rate are the speech evaluation parameters. Maximum phonation time and diadochokinetic rates are the lowest in case of spastic and ataxic dysarthrias. Spastic dysarthria shows the substituted glottalized consonants. However, flaccid, ataxic and hypokinetic dysarthrias show the substituted aspirated consonants. VOT is the longest for hypokinetic dysarthria and the shortest for ataxic dysarthria. Jitter shows higher percentage in comparison with control group. Speech evaluation using experimental phonetic instruments help create on international standardization of speech evaluation for speech disorders.