• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 2007

The major objective of this study is to investigate the fatigue effects of rail pad on High Speed Railway with concrete slab track system. It analyzed the mechanical behaviors of HSR concrete slab track with applying rail pad stiffness based on fatigue effect(hardening and increasing stiffness) on the 3-dimensional FE analysis and laboratory test for static & dynamic characteristics. As a result, the hardening of rail pad due to fatigue loading condition are negative effect for the static & dynamic response of concrete slab track which is before act on fatigue effect. The analytical and experimental study are carried out to investigate rail pad on fatigue effected increase vertical acceleration and stress and decrease suitable deflection on slab track. And rail pad based on fatigue effect induced dynamic maximum stresses, the increase of damage of slab track is predicted by adopting fatigue effected rail pad. after due consideration The servicing HSR concrete slab track with resilient track system has need of the reasonable determination after due consideration fatigue effect of rail pad stiffness which could be reducing the effect of static and dynamic behavior that degradation phenomenon of structure by an unusual response characteristic and a drop durability.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.640-644
• /
• 2010

Information technology devices, such as cellular phones, MP3s and so on, due to restrictions of space, require thin and small micro-speakers to generate sound. The reduction of the size of micro-speakers has resulted in the decrease of sound quality, due to such factors as frequency range and sound pressure level. In this study, the acoustical properties of oval microspeakers has been studied as a function of pattern shape on the diaphragm. The other conditions of micro-speakers, except for the pattern, was not changed. When the pattern is present on the diaphragm and the shape of pattern was a whirlwind, the resonance frequency was reduced due to the decrease of tensile strength of diaphragm. The patterns presented in the semi-minor axis of diaphragm did not effect a change of resonance frequency. However, increasing the number of patterns in the semimajor axis of diaphragm became a reason for the decrease of resonance frequency on edge side. When the depth of pattern on edge side was increased, the resonance frequency was decreased due to reduction of geometrical stiffness. If the height of edge and dome were increased, the resonance frequency and geometrical stiffness rapidly increased. After reaching the maximum values, they began to decrease with the continuous increase of height.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제3권5호
• /
• pp.749-766
• /
• 2012

Structural control through integration of passive damping devices within the building structure has been increasingly implemented internationally in the last years and has proven to be a most promising strategy for earthquake safety. In the present paper an alternative configuration of an innovative energy dissipation mechanism that consists of slender tension only bracing members with closed loop and a hysteretic damper is investigated in its dynamic behavior. The implementation of the adaptable dual control system, ADCS, in frame structures enables a dual function of the component members, leading to two practically uncoupled systems, i.e., the primary frame, responsible for the normal vertical and horizontal forces and the closed bracing-damper mechanism, for the earthquake forces and the necessary energy dissipation. Three representative international earthquake motions of differing frequency contents, duration and peak ground acceleration have been considered for the numerical verification of the effectiveness and properties of the SDOF systems with the proposed ADCS-configuration. The control mechanism may result in significant energy dissipation, when the geometrical and mechanical properties, i.e., stiffness and yield force of the integrated damper, are predefined. An optimum damper ratio, DR, defined as the ratio of the stiffness to the yield force of the hysteretic damper, is proposed to be used along with the stiffness factor of the damper's- to the primary frame's stiffness, in order for the control mechanism to achieve high energy dissipation and at the same time to prevent any increase of the system's maximum base shear and relative displacements. The results are summarized in a preliminary design methodology for ADCS.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제63권5호
• /
• pp.669-681
• /
• 2017

The design of reinforced concrete buildings must satisfy the serviceability stiffness criteria in terms of maximum lateral deflections and inter story drift in order to prevent both structural and non-structural damages. Consideration of plastic hinge formation is also important to obtain accurate failure mechanism and ultimate strength of reinforced concrete frames. In the present study, an iterative procedure has been developed for the analysis of reinforced concrete frames with cracked elements and consideration of plastic hinge formation. The ACI and probability-based effective stiffness models are used for the effective moment of inertia of cracked members. Shear deformation effect is also considered, and the variation of shear stiffness due to cracking is evaluated by reduced shear stiffness models available in the literature. The analytical procedure has been demonstrated through the application to three reinforced concrete frame examples available in the literature. It has been shown that the iterative analytical procedure can provide accurate and efficient predictions of deflections and ultimate strength of the frames studied under lateral and vertical loads. The proposed procedure is also efficient from the viewpoint of computational time and convergence rate. The developed technique was able to accurately predict the locations and sequential development of plastic hinges in frames. The results also show that shear deformation can contribute significantly to frame deflections.

• 항공우주기술
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2010

필라멘트 와인딩으로 제작된 고체 모터 연소관의 구조강성저하 평가 및 파열특성을 확인하기 위한 수압시험을 수행하였다. 본 연소관의 파손 요구조건으로서 운용 중 최대 예상압력(MEOP)의 1.5배 이상의 압력에서 실린더 파손이 일어나야함을 제시하였다. 해석 결과 연소관의 내부압력이 2088psig 일 때 실린더층의 섬유가 끊어지는 것으로 나타났으며 수압시험을 수행하여 2200psig 수준에서 실린더 부위가 파손됨을 검증하였다. 또한 제작 후 1년 정도 경과 후에도 강성저하가 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.579-586
• /
• 2022

Pile-supported structures are installed on saturated sloping grounds, where the ground stiffness may decrease due to liquefaction during earthquakes. Thus, it is important to consider saturated sloping ground and pile interactions. In this study, we conduct a centrifuge test of a pile-supported structure, and analyze the p-y_p loops, p-y_p loops provide the correlation between the lateral pile deflection (y_p) and lateral soil resistance (p). In the dry sand model (UV67), the p-y_p loops stiffness increased as ground depth increased, and the p-y_p loops stiffness was larger by approximately three times when the pile moved to the upslope direction, compared with when it moved to the downslope direction. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the stiffness with the ground depth and pile moving direction in the saturated sand model (SV69). Furthermore, we identify the unstable zone based on the result of the lateral soil resistance (p). In the case of the SV69 model, the maximum depth of the unstable zone is five times larger than that of the dry sand model, and it was found that the saturated sand model was affected significantly by kinematic forces due to slope failure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.443-454
• /
• 2023

Steel shear walls are used to strengthen steel and concrete structures. One such system is Partial Attached Steel Shear Walls (PASSW), which are only connected to frame beams. This system offers both structural and architectural advantages. This study first calibrated the numerical model of RC frames with and without PASSW using an experimental sample. The seismic performance of the RC frame was evaluated by 30 non-linear static analyses, which considered stiffness, ductility, lateral strength, and energy dissipation, to investigate the effect of PASSW width and column axial load. Based on numerical results and a curve fitting technique, a lateral stiffness equation was developed for frames equipped with PASSW. The effect of the shear wall location on the concrete frame was evaluated through eight analyses. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the shear wall on maximum frame displacement using three earthquake records. The results revealed that if PASSW is designed with appropriate stiffness, it can increase the energy dissipation and ductility of the frame by 2 and 1.2 times, respectively. The stiffness and strength of the frame are greatly influenced by PASSW, while axial force has the most significant negative impact on energy dissipation. Furthermore, the location of PASSW does not affect the frame's behavior, and it is possible to have large openings in the frame bay.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.151-165
• /
• 2024

In this paper, the evaluation of the elastic lateral stiffness factor (ELSF) of steel frames for different lateral load-resisting systems (LLRSs) is presented. First, 720 steel structural frame models have been analyzed and designed using the equivalent lateral force method. Then by using pushover analysis method, all models have been analyzed, compared and evaluated. Finally, the effects of a number of influenced parameters such as different types of LLRSs, span length, number of stories, number of spans as well as story height of the buildings on the lateral stiffness are assessed and by applying regression analysis some useful equations were submitted. Based on the results obtained for steel frames having different LLRSs, compared to ordinary moment-resisting frames (OMRFs) as a base (having ELSF of 1), the normalized average ELSFs of K-eccentrically braced-frames (K-EBFs), V-, Z-, inverted V-, X-braced-frames, shear walls with thickness of 25 cm (SW25) and shear walls with thickness of 30 cm (SW30) are about 2.2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 95, 155, respectively. Among the braced-frames, X-braced-frames have the maximum ELSF, about 10 times more than OMRF, while OMRFs provide the minimum ELSFs among all LLRSs, and the frames supported by shear walls have ELSFs about 100 to 150 times more than OMRFs.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.81-98
• /
• 1999

도심지 터널 건설에 있어서 중요한 고려 사항중 하나가 지상 건물에 대한 터널 굴착의 영향을 평가하는 문제이다. 일반적으로 터널 굴착에 의한 지표침하로 인접구조물이 영향을 받기도 하지만 기존 인접구조물이 터널 굴착에 따른 지표침하에 영향을 미치기도 한다. 이러한 터널 굴착에 의한 기존 인접구조물의 침하억제 효과와 구조물 손상 평가인자의 감소효과를 규명하기 위해서 3차원 탄소성 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 터널 굴착에 기인한 지반침하가 인접구조물에 미치는 영향과 인접구조물이 지표침하에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해서 총 162개의 2차원 탄소성 유한요소 모델을 설정하고, 매개변수 변환연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 구조물의 폭과 구조물의 축강성 및 휨강성, 구조물의 위치, 터널 심도 등을 고려하였다. 그리고, 구조물과 지반침하의 상호작용을 표현하기 위해서 구조물의 손상평가 인자인 뒤틈각(angular distortion), 처짐비(deflection ratio), 건물의 최대침하량, 부등침하량 및 수평변형률 등의 변화를 관찰하였다. 한편, 지반의 강성과 구조물의 축, 휨강성을 대표할 수 있는 상대 강성비를 도입함으로써 터널 설계자가 활용할 수 있는 도표를 제시하였고, 구조물을 고려하지 않은 상태에서의 greenfield 지표침하 트라프를 수정할 수 있는 보정계수(modification factor) 개념을 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 구조물과 지표침하와의 상호 간섭효과에 의한 지표침하의 억제와 인접구조물 손상평가 인자들의 감소효과를 고려할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 설계 단계에서 보정계수를 활용한 인접구조물의 합리적인 손상평가방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.756-759
• /
• 2004

We present a piezoelectric actuator using stiffness control and stroke amplification mechanism in order to make large lateral displacement. In this work, we suggest stiffness control approach that generates lateral displacement by increasing the vertical stiffness and reducing the lateral stiffness using additional structure. In addition, an additional structure of a serpentine spring amplifies the lateral displacement like leverage structure. The suggested lateral PZT actuator (bellows actuator) consists of serpentine spring and PZT/electrode layer which is located at the edge of the serpentine spring. The edge of the serpentine spring prevents the vertical motion of PZT layer, while the other edge of the serpentine spring makes stroke amplification like leverage structure. We have determined dimensions of the bellows actuator using ANSYS simulation. Length, width and thickness of PZT layer are 135$\mu$m, 20$\mu$m and 0.4$\mu$m, respectively. Dimensions of the silicon serpentine spring are thickness of 25$\mu$m, length of 300$\mu$m, and width of 5$\mu$m. The bellows actuator has been fabricated by SOI wafer with 25$\mu$m-top silicon and 1$\mu$m-buried oxide layer. The bellows actuator shows the maximum 3.93$\pm$0.2$\mu$m lateral displacement at 16V with 1Hz sinusoidal voltage input. In the frequency response test, the fabricated bellows actuator showed consistent displacement from 1Hz to 1kHz at 10V. From experimental study, we found the bellows actuator using thin film PZT and silicon serpentine spring generated mainly laterally displacement not vertical displacement at 16V, and serpentine spring played role of stroke amplification.