• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

Odontogenic infection in the oral and maxillofacial regions caused by bacteria (mostly of oral origin) is one of the most common diseases encountered by dentists. Localized infection can easily be treated with incision and drainage followed by antibiotics. Emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria called "Superbacteria" has become one of the serious problems in modern society, due to its small window of opportunity for treatment and high casualty. The acronym "ESKAPE", encompassing the common and serious MDR pathogens stand for Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. Literature search was performed in Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar ranging from 2012 to 2020. ESKAPE patient's infection period was longer than that of non-ESKAPE group, and the treatment method due to antibiotic resistance was also complicated. The purpose of this study is to investigate infection caused by ESKAPE pathogens in the oral and maxillofacial regions through literature review and to inform dental surgeons of the danger of ESKAPE pathogens and to suggest viable treatment options. Many studies worldwide reported infections associated with ESKAPE pathogens, but only limited number of studies targeted infection in oral and maxillofacial regions. Further research is required with more data on ESKAPE bacteria and their infection, especially in oral and maxillofacial regions.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2020

Oral and maxillofacial infection is a common complication in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The treatment of oral diseases in such patients differs from that administered to healthy patients. This paper reports a case of acute osteomyelitis of odontogenic origin following a recent chemotherapy session. The patient's condition was life-threatening because of neutropenic fever and sepsis that developed during the inpatient supportive care. However, the patient showed prompt recovery within 40 days following the use of appropriate antibiotics and routine dressing, without the requirement for surgical treatment, except tooth extraction. As seen in this case, patients undergoing chemotherapy are more susceptible to rapid progression of infections in the oral and maxillofacial areas. Therefore, accurate diagnosis through prompt clinical and radiological examination, identification of the extent of infection, and assessment of the patient's immune system are crucial for favorable outcomes. It is also necessary to eliminate the source of infection through appropriate administration of antibiotics. In particular, a broad-spectrum antibiotic with anti-pneumococcal activity is essential. Proper antibiotic administration and wound dressing are essential for infection control. Furthermore, close consultation with a hemato-oncologist is necessary for effective infection management based on the professional evaluation of patients' immune mechanisms.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1996

Although the use of the antibiotics has minimized the dangers of the spread of odontogenic infection to adjacent important organs, sometimes the fatal cases, such as Ludwig's angina, mediastinitis, intracranial complications from the odotogenic infection, may be occurred. The odontogenic infections or oral and maxillofacial region may involve the intracranial area through systemic circulation or by direct spread into the intracranial cavity. Headache, malaise, loss of appetite, chills, fever, vomiting, apathy, and irritability are usually followed by more specific involvement of the nervous system. We experienced one patient who died of intracranial complication from odontogenic infection. So we report the case and the literatures about intracranial involvements following odontogenic infections and dental procedures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.296-301
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• 2008

Actinomyces is a part of the normal oral flora, but under certain circumstances it may become pathogenic. Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infective disease caused by microaerophilic Gram-positive bacteria of the genus actinomyces. It can involve almost any system, but principally affects the head and neck. Because the lesions in the submandibular region and the angle of the jaw give the face a swollen, indurated appearance, actinomycosis of mandible can be easily misdiagnosed in its acute or early state of infection. In these cases the disease usually presented as a swelling suggestive of an abscess or mimicking a neoplasm. The yield from standard cultures was poor and repeated sampling and anaerobic culture may be needed to obtain a positive culture. So actinomycosis should always be considered in a differential diagnosis of all infections of the cervicofacial area. Diagnosis of actinomycosis is made based on the histopathology, the clinical presentation and past dental history. We experienced a case of actinomycosis in the masseter muscle and present the case with review of literature.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 1994

Necrotizing fascitis is a severe soft tissue infection characterized by extensive necrosis of superficial fascia, suppurative fascitis, vascular thrombosis, widespread undermining of surrounding tissues. Associated systemic problems are widespread undermining of surrounding tissues, Associated systemic problems are common, with chronic alcoholism and diabetes being most prominent. Most commonly this disease presents in the extremities, trunk, and perineum. Necrotizing fascitis of dental origing is rare and its fulminating clinical course is not well documented in the dental literature. The present report is a case of necrotizing fascitis following vital extirpation of the pulp in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. Originally throught to be caused by hemolytic streptococcus organism or stphylococcus aureus, advances in anaerobic culturing have shown it to be a synergistic bacterial infection involving aerobic and ovligate anaerobes. it is relatively rare in relatively rare in haea and neck regions. If it was not diagnosed and treated in early stages, necrotizing fascitis can be potentially fetal, with a mortality rate approaching 40%. It's treatment requires early recognition, prompt and aggressive surgical debriment and proper supportive cares, such as, antibiotic therapy, fluid resuscitation and correction of metabolic and electrolyte disorder, resolving of the underlying systemic disease. Recently, we experienced two cases of necrotizing fascitis in cervicofacial region, One patient was 60 years old male with uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and other patient was 48 years old with steroid therapy during 30 years. Local surgical wound healing was successful but, patients were died after admission, because of lung abscess, gastrointestinal bleeding, septic shock and respiration hold.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2010

The spreading pathways which is the cause of infection on head and neck area are submandibular space, masticatory space, parapharyngeal space, retropharyngeal space, carotid sheath and mediastinum, etc. If spread to parapharyngeal area involving airway, such infection can be life-threatening by airway obstruction, or can cause vascular injury followed by hemorrhage, nerve injuries. Also, if spread to superficially, necrotizing fasciitis and many complications may occur including gangrene of skin. The key to successful treatment of infection on head and neck area is recognition of spreading pathways, early diagnosis and following therapeutic management. Our department present two cases, one is infection progressed superficially to suprasternal space, another is spreading deep according to parapharyngeal space, subclavian space and carotid sheath followed by airway obstruction, and obtained significant results with surgical incision and drainage, administration of selected antibiotics, continuous post-operative treatment. We report these 2 cases with literatures review.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.538-542
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• 2007

Sweet syndrome is characterized by acute onset of fever. neutrophilic leukocytosis, painful erythematous plaque on the face and extremities, infiltration of mature neutrophils in the dermis. Cutaneous lesion and clinical symptoms rapidly improve after treatment with systemic corticosteroids. The cause of sweet syndrome is unknown but the associations with hypersensitivity to bacteria, virus, or tumor antigen have been reported. Sweet syndrome itself can be a premonitory manifestation of malignancy, so diagnostic work up for other internal malignancy is recommended. Because of fever and leukocytosis, cutaneous infections are important differentials. Sweet syndrome can be divided into 4 categories according to associated disease and symptom. (Idiopathic Sweet syndrome, Parainflammatory Sweet syndrome, Paraneoplastic Sweet syndrome, Pregnacy associated Sweet syndrome.) Sweet syndrome is relatively rare disease and the association with myelodisplastic syndrome has been reported. We report a case of Sweet syndrome associated with myelodisplastic syndrome which has initial manifestation of odontogenic buccal cellulites.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-117
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• 2014

Septic pulmonary embolism is a rare disease entity that consists of pulmonary infection and embolism predominantly arising from endocarditis and thrombophlebitis. We report a rare case of candidal septic pulmonary embolism secondary to odontogenic infection in a previously healthy and immunocompetent man, who had a submandibular abscess with dyspnea and fever. The patient was not responsive to prolonged broad spectrum antibiotics and surgical drainage, however, antifungal therapy was successful after Candida albicans was confirmed by his blood culture. Since proper identification and the resolution of the septic origin is as important as the diagnosis of septic pulmonary embolism, in a patient with odontogenic infection, who shows definite respiratory complications despite antimicrobial therapy with surgical drainage, various culture examinations should be adopted.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.180-186
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• 1990

This is a case report of first branchial cleft cyst in 56 year old male patient, which was tentatively diagnosed as acute right submandibular abscess resulted from the periapical lesion of the lower right second molar. The results are as follows, 1. The accompanying ipsilateral inflammatory swelling resulted from the periapical lesion of lower right second molar tooth makes the diagnosis difficult. 2. The onset of this case was very late in comparison to the mean discovering age of branchial cleft cysts. 3. The plain radiography using contrast media is helpful for the diagnosis of cystic lesions within soft tissues. 4. This case in a first branchial cleft cyst(Type I) which occurs less than 1% of all branchial cleft anomalies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.267-270
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• 2012

Lipoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the body with rare occurrence in the oral cavity. It represents 1~4% of benign neoplasms of the mouth, which affect the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, tongue and lips. We report a case of lipoma in the labial vestibule with extraoral swelling, which could easily be misdiagnosed as an odontogenic abscess. Excisional biopsy in this case revealed well-circumscribed masses, surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule and composed of sheets of mature adipocytes, arranged in a "chicken wire" configuration. After a computed tomography scan, excisoinal biopsy was done, and there were no recurrence after 5-month follow-up period.