• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.647-653
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• 2007

Rapid crestal bone resorption following maxillary tooth loss is further accentuated in the posterior regions because of pneumatization and enlargement of the maxillary sinuses. A treatment rationale that allows preservation and augmentation of vertical available bone at the time of posterior maxil-lary tooth extraction may offer numerous therapeutic benefits which are more short courses of ther-apy and no needs of additional surgical augmentation. The present study comprised 3 patients who had 4 posterior maxillary teeth with no evident bone between the tooth apex and sinus floor, as estimated through preoperative radiographic analysis. Sinus floor augmentation at the time of tooth extraction was chosen for the ltreatment of these patients. After the tooth was carefully extracted, the empty alveolus was thoroughly debrided and a trephine approach was performed. Particulated autogenous bone was gently pushed beyond the empty alveolus to elevate the sinus membrane using an osteotome. The distance between bone crest and si-nus floor was radiographically estimated 4 months after the first procedure. Another procedure was then carried out to place the implants of 11 mm length without another augmentation procedure. All implant were clinically stable, with no sign of infection. The presented surgical procedure performed at the time of extraction of posterior maxillary teeth in close proximity to the sinus floor allowed placement of implants of proper length.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2013

The maxillary floor sinus augmentation is considered as a safe and predictable procedure to ensure optimal implant placement. However, this procedure may have a variety of intra-surgical or post-surgical complications, also the major drawback of the procedure is deemed maxillary sinusitis. This case is a very unusual delayed occurrence of acute maxillary sinusitis after simultaneous maxillary sinus augmentation, using xenograft and implant placement. This report describes a serious complication of the maxillary sinus augmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.351-356
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• 2019

Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is an essential procedure for implant installation in the posterior maxillary area with vertical alveolar bone deficiency. For the past several decades, MSFA has been refined in terms of surgical methods along with technical progress, accumulation of clinical studies, and development of graft materials and surgical instruments. Although some complications in MSFA are inevitable in clinical situations, management of those complications in MSFA has been well established thanks to many clinicians and researchers. Nevertheless, some rare complications may arise and can result in fatal results. Therefore, clinicians should be well aware of such rare situations and complications associated with MSFA. In this review, the authors present several rare complications regarding MSFA, along with corresponding management strategies through a thorough review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.346-352
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• 2009

There have been reports of successful bone formation with sinus floor elevation by simply elevating the maxillary sinus membrane and filling the sinus cavity below the lifted sinus membrane with a blood clot. But, in a review of the current literature, we found no animal study that substantiated blood clot's ability in this respect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the method of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using the patient's own venous blood in conjunction with a sinus membrane elevation procedure. An implant was placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinus of six adult mongrel dogs so that it protruded 8 mm into the maxillary sinus after sinus membrane elevation. On one side of the maxillary sinus, the resultant space between the membrane and the sinus floor was filled with autologous venous blood retrieved from the dog. On the opposite side, the maxillary sinus was left untreated as a control. The implants were left in place for six months. The mean height of the newly formed bone in the sinus was 3.7 mm on the side without venous blood and 3.5 mm on the side with venous blood (p>0.05). There was no difference between the two sides regarding new bone height in the sinus. Our results indicate that filling the space between the lifted sinus membrane and the sinus floor with venous blood has no effect on bone formation around implants placed in the maxillary sinus cavity.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

The maxillary posterior edentulous region presents unique and challenging conditions in implant dentistry. The height of the posterior maxilla is reduced greatly as a result of dual resorption from the crest of the ridge and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus after the loss of teeth. Materials previously used for sinus floor grafting include autogenous bone, allogeneic bone, xenogenic bone and alloplastic materials. Autogenous bone is the material of choice, but its use is limited by donor-site morbidity, complications, sparse availability, uncontrolled resorption and marked volume loss. One way to overcome this problem would be to use bone substitutes alone as a osteoconductive scaffold for bone regeneration from the residual bone or in combination with allogeneic bone, which also has osteoinductive properties. The purpose of this article is to describe a double layers technique of demineralized and mineralized bone graft materials instead of autogenous bone in sinus floor augmentation of deficient posterior maxillary alveolar process and to report our experience with this technique. Our results show that maxillary sinus augmentation using mineralized and demineralized bone materials, when installed simultaneously with the implant or not, is good results for bone healing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this report is to investigate the efficacy of anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) at maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Materials and methods: Two male patients who missed maxillary posterior teeth were included. They were performed maxillary sinus floor augmentation using anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$). After 10 or 13 months, the regenerated tissues were harvested using trephine drills with 2 or 4mm diameter and non-decalcified specimens were made. The specimens were examined histologically and histomorphometrically to investigate graft resorption and new bone formation. Results: Newly formed bone was in contact with Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ particles directly without any gap between the bone and the particles. The proportions of newly formed bone were $23.4{\sim}25.3%$ in patient 1(Pt.1) and 28.8% in patient 2(Pt.2). And the proportions of remained Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ were $29.7{\sim}30.2%$ in Pt.1 and 29.2% in Pt.2. The fixtures installed at augmented area showed good stability and the augmented bone height was maintained well. Conclusion: Anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) has high osteoconductivity and helps new bone formation, so that it can be used in maxillary sinus floor augmentation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2011

Purpose: Placement of endosseous implants in the atrophic maxilla is often restricted because of the lack of supporting bone. In this article, augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor with deproteinized bovine bone to enable insertion of endosseous implants is described. The technique is aimed at providing a cortical layer on top of the graft to ensure a reliable seal of the maxillary sinus and to achieve optimal stability of the bone graft in case of simultaneously placement of dental implants. Methods: The procedure was used in 200 patients (839 implants), using deproteinized bovine bone. The mean follow-up was 28.5 months. No inflammation of the bone grafts nor of the maxillary sinus occurred. The patients received implant supported overdentures or bone-anchored bridges. Results: The survival rate of implant restoration of this study was 97.6%. The total average of marginal bone loss in radiographs was $0.20{\pm}0.38$ mm. Insufficient primary stability, bony quality, and infection were thought to be associated factors in the failed cases. Conclusion: This study documented that deproteinized bovine bone, when used as a grafting material for augmentation of the sinus floor, may lead to proper osseointegration of a endosseous implant.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.771-779
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• 2016

Purpose: Antral pseudocyst is a common benign lesion that exists in the maxillary sinus. Because of this possible complication, controversy remains with respect to sinus floor elevation operations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antral pseudocyst related to maxillary sinus augmentation. Patients and Methods: The radiographs of 268 patients who visited Chosun University Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2010 and underwent the maxillary bone grafting procedure were examined. Results: Of the 268 patients who underwent the maxillary bone grafting procedure, 5 patients (1.86%) were diagnosed with antral pseudocysts. In all cases, maxillary sinus floor elevation was performed without aspiration, biopsy or extraction of the antral pseudocyst. Conclusion: Antral pseudocysts are not considered a contraindication for maxillary sinus bone grafting procedure.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.224-229
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• 2014

The maxillary posterior area is the most challenging site for the dental implant. Although the sinus graft is a predictable and successful technique for rehabilitation of atrophic and pneumatized posterior maxilla, when there is severe destruction of alveolar bone, a very long crown length remains challenging after successful dental implants installation with sinus graft. We performed vertical augmentation of the maxillary posterior alveolar ridge using the allogenic block bone graft with a simultaneous sinus graft using allogenic and heterogenic bone chips. After about six months, we installed the dental implant. After this procedure, we achieved a more favorable crown-implant fixture ratio and better results clinically and biomechanically. This is a preliminary report of vertical augmentation of maxillary posterior alveolar ridge using allogenic block bone graft and simultaneous maxillary sinus graft. Further research requires longer observation and more patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate implant stability placed in the maxillary sinus which was augmented with bovine bone mineral(Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) mixed with autogenous bone from the maxillary tuberosity. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with the mixture of bovine bone mineral and autogenous maxillary tuberosity bone was performed in 30 maxillary sinuses, and 68 implants were placed at the time of sinus graft. After 6 months of implant placement abutments were connected and implant stability quotient(ISQ) was measured by radio frequency analysis(RFA). In addition, bone level changes was evaluated by taking periapical radiograph. During surgical procedures, no complication was observed, and all patients healed uneventfully. At 6 months the implant showed stable ISQ values. The marginal bone level changes around the fixtures was stably maintained through out the follow up period. This study confirmed that maxillary sinus floor augmentation with mixture of bovine bone mineral and maxillary tuberosity bone could be reliable for bone regeneration in subantral space.