• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

The installation of a topside structure can be categorized into the following stages: start, pre-lifting, lifting, lifted, rotating, positioning, lowering, mating, and end of installation. The transfer of the module onto the floating spar hull occurs in the last three stages, from lowering to the end. The coupled multi-body motions are calculated in both calm water and in irregular waves with a significant wave height (1.52m). The effects of the hydrodynamic interactions between the heavy lifting vessel and the spar hull during the lowering and mating stages are considered. The internal forces caused by the load transfer and ballasting are derived for the mating phases. The results of the internal forces for the calm water condition are compared with those in the irregular sea condition. Although the effect of the pitch motion on the relative vertical motion between the deck of the floating structure and the topside module is significant in the mating phases, the internal force induced pitch motion is too small to have this influence. However, the effect of the internal force on the wave-induced heave responses in the mating phases is noticeable in the irregular sea condition because transfer mass-induced draught changes for the floating structure are observed to have higher amplitudes than the external force induced responses. The impacts of the module on the spar hull in the mating phase are investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.50-55
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• 2003

Tribological testing of DLC films was conducted using a rotating type ball on a disk friction tester in a dry chamber. This study made use of four kinds of mating balls that were made with stainless steel but subjected to diverse annealing conditions in order to achieve different levels of hardness. In all load conditions using martensite mating balls, the test results demonstrated that the friction coefficient was lower when the mating materials were harder. The high friction coefficient found in soft martensite balls appeared to be caused by the larger contact areas. The wear track on the mating balls indicated that a certain amount of material transfer occurs from the DLC film to the mating ball during the high friction process. Raman Spectra analysis showed that the transferred materials were a kind of graphite and that the contact surface of the DLC film seemed to undergo a phase transition from carbon to graphite during the high friction process.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2002

Diamond-like Carbon(DLC) films were deposited on Si wafers by an RF-plasma-assisted CVD using CH$_4$gas. Tribological tests were conducted with the use of a rotating type ball on a disk friction tester with dry air. This study made use of four kinds of mating balls that were made with stainless steel but subjected to different annealing conditions in order to achieve different levels of hardness. In all load conditions, testing results demonstrated that the harder the mating materials, the lower the friction coefficient was. The friction coefficients were fecund to be lower with austenite mating balls than with fully annealed martensite balls. Conversely, the high friction coefficient found in soft martensite balls appeared to be caused by the larger contact area between the DLC film and the ball. The wear tracks on DLC films and mating balls could prove that effect. Measuring the wear track of both DLC films and mating balls revealed a similar tendency compared to the results of friction coefficients. The wear rate of austenite balls was also less than that of fully annealed martensite balls. Friction eoefficients decrease when applied leads exceed critical amount. The wear track on mating balls showed that a certain amount of material transfer occurs from the DLC film to the mating ball during a high friction process. Raman Spectra analysis Showed that the transferred materials were a kind of graphite and that the contact surface of the DLC film seemed to undergo a phase transition from carbon to graphite during the high friction process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.260-266
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• 2002

DLC films were deposited on Si wafer by RF plasma assisted CVD using CH4 gas. Tribological tests were conducted using rotating type ball on disk friction tester in dry air. Four kinds of mating balls were used. The mating balls were made with stainless steel but apply different annealing conditions to achieve different hardness conditions. Testing results in all load conditions showed that the harder the mating materials, the lower the friction coefficient among the three kind of martensite mating balls. In case of austenite balls, the friction coefficients were lower than fully annealed martensite ball. The high friction coefficient in soft martensite balls seems to be caused by the larger contact area between DLC film and ball. The wear tracks of DLC films and mating balls could have proven that effect. Measuring the wear track of both DLC films and mating balls have similar tendency comparing to the results of friction coefficients. Wear rate of austenite balls were also smaller than that of fully annealed martensite ball. The results of effect of applying load showed, the friction coefficients were become decrease when the applying loads exceed critical load conditions. The wear track of mating balls showed that some material transfer occurs from DLC film to mating ball during the high friction process. Raman spectra analysis showed that transferred material was a kind of graphite and contact surface of DLC film seems to undergo phase transition from carbon to graphite during the high friction process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.147-148
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• 2002

This study made use of four kinds of mating balls that were made with stainless steel but subjected to different annealing conditions in order to achieve different levels of hardness. In all load conditions, testing results demonstrated that the harder the mating materials, the lower the friction coefficient was. Conversely, the high friction coefficient found in soft martensite balls appeared to be caused by the larger contact area between the DLC film and the ball. Raman Spectra analysis showed that the transferred materials were a kind of graphite and that the contact surface of the DLC film seemed to undergo a phase transition from carbon to graphite during the high friction process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.408-420
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• 2014

Yeast surface-displayed antibody libraries provide an efficient and quantitative screening resource for given antigens, but suffer from typically modest library sizes owing to low yeast transformation efficiency. Yeast mating is an attractive method for overcoming the limit of yeast transformation to construct a large, combinatorial antibody library, but the optimal conditions have not been reported. Here, we report a large synthetic human Fab (antigen binding fragment) yeast surface-displayed library generated by stepwise optimization of yeast mating conditions. We first constructed HC (heavy chain) and LC (light chain) libraries, where all of the six CDRs (complementarity-determining regions) of the variable domains were diversified mimicking the human germline antibody repertoires by degenerate codons, onto single frameworks of VH3-23 and $V{\kappa}1$-16 germline sequences, in two haploid cells of opposite mating types. Yeast mating conditions were optimized in the order of cell density, media pH, and cell growth phase, yielding a mating efficiency of ~58% between the two haploid cells carrying HC and LC libraries. We constructed two combinatorial Fab libraries with CDR-H3 of 9 or 11 residues in length with colony diversities of more than $10^9$ by one round of yeast mating between the two haploid HC and LC libraries, with modest diversity sizes of ${\sim}10^7$. The synthetic human Fab yeast-displayed libraries exhibited relative amino acid compositions in each position of the six CDRs that were very similar to those of the designed repertoires, suggesting that they are a promising source for human Fab antibody screening.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 1995

When mating type A and a cells of heterobasidiomycetous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides were mix-cultured, both of the mating type cells have shown strong agglutination. But this agglutination was not detactable when the A and a cell were cultured separately. From reagglutination made just after the result of disassembling the agglutination by sonication, we knew that the agglutination was sexual-agglutination, not simple physical cell agglutination. The sexual agglutination was progressed actively on logarithmic phase and, in addition, progressed faster on mating type a cell treated with rhodotorucine A. These sexual agglutination have been inhibited by several protease such as trypsin, pronase, chymotrpysin and thermolysin and inhibited by 5 mM DTT as well.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.747-754
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• 1988

High strength steels (HS) of dual phase and monogalvanized steel sheets (GA ; plated plane, GAB ; bare plane0 were used to investigate the fatigue strengths of four kinds of single-spot-welded joint specimen under tensile-shear repeated load. The specimen is classified as the same mating metal specimen (HS*HS, GA*GAB) and different mating metal specimen (HS*GA, HS*GAB). Some of the results are ; (1) Static tensile load of single-spot-welded joint specimens is proportional to tensile strength of metal and rigidity of mating metal sheet. (2) Fatigue life of HS*HS specimens increased about 20% longer than that of GA*GAB specimens in low cycle range. (3) In different mating metal specimens, the fatigue life of HS*GA specimens increased about 84% more that of HS*HS specimens in high cycle range.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.481-485
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• 1992

In order to upgrade native sheep, Rambouillet (R) rams were mated to Kaghani (K) ewes to generate F1 ($R{\times}K$) crossbred ewes. Crossbred ewes were backcrossed to Rambouillet rams to produce B1 ($R{\times}F1$), B2 ($R{\times}B1$) and B3 ($R{\times}B2$) genotypes. Weaning weight of 2605 lambs and wool weight of 2378 mature ewe records, representing R, K, F1, B1, B2 and B3 genotypes, were analyzed to compare genetic variation among genotypes produced during upgrading process and identify genotypes of the highest performance. Performance of Rambouillets was also evaluated under semi-temperate climate. Data were adjusted for yearly variation considering Rambouillet as a control. Genotypes influenced lambs weaning weight (p<.01). B1 lambs were heaviest (18.4 kg) followed in order by B2, F1, B3, R and K lambs (18.3, 17.9, 16.9, 16.8 and 13.2 kg, respectively). The highest wool production was 2.5 kg from R ewes followed by B2 (2.3), B3 (2.3), F1 (2.0) and K (1.2) ewes (p < .01). Ewe mating weight, reproduction, growth and wool production of Rambouillets deteriorated significantly after the first decade of their importation. Compared with the first phase (1959-1971), ewe mating weight, litter size, birth weight, lamb weaning weight and wool production declined by 20, 23, 32 and 36%, respectively, in the second phase (1972-1988).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the changes of progesterone and estrone sulphate concentration in serum of Korean native goats throughout gestation, and to apply the serum levels of the hormones to pregnancy diagnosis. Serum concentration of progesterone and estrone sulphate were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Serum progesterone concentration was similar to its luteal phase values during early pregnancy and remained at the high level continually at 20∼140days and decreased rapidly at the day of parturition. Serum estrone sulphate concentration showed to increase markedly at 40∼50dyas gestation and steadily increased to the maximum of 7.13ng/ml at 140days, but declined sharply at the day of parturition. The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by the measurement of serum progesterone at 20∼24days after mating was 85.7∼92.3% and that of non-pregnancy diagnosis was 100%, when the serum progesterone levels higher and lower than 3.0ng/ml were supposed to indicate pregnancy and non-pregnancy, respectively. The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by the mearsurement of serum estrone sulphate was found to be nearly 100% since 50days after mating, when the serum levels of estrone sulphate higher then 0.5ng/ml were diagnosed to be pregnant. The optimal sampling time for pregnancy diagnosis was considered to be at 50 days after mating or to be later. It appears that estrone sulphate values above 7.0ng/ml at any time in gestation are highly indicative of twin. But there was found no significant difference(P<0.05) in serum estrone sulphate concentration and number of kids between does with single and twin kids.