• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.257-267
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• 2016

This study sought to clarify the relation of children's suicidal ideation and parental depression/life satisfaction, and the mediating effect of the self-esteem in child. With regard to suicidal ideation in children, most studies have used children's depression as predictor, not parental depression. Similarly, parental life satisfaction have not been included in spite of its general influence on child development. Relations among these variables were examined in 512 children and their parents in $7^{th}$ Korean welfare panel data using the structural equation model. Results showed that the maternal life satisfaction was the only significant factor affecting the suicidal ideation of children, no having the mediating effects of the self-esteem in child. The implication of these results and suggestions for intervention and prevention work, and future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in environmental and psychological factors in children with obesity and to offer useful information for obesity treatment and prevention. 123 children of 5-6th grade in elementary school and their mothers were included in this study and divided into either the obese group and normal group(obese group: 61, normal group: 62) according to the Weight-Length Index(WLI). Results showed that between the two groups there no significant differences in family income, mother's occupation status, educational level, and anthropometric measurement. Nutritional knowledge in the obese group was significantly higher than that of the normal group(p<0.05). The mothers of children with obesity had a higher level of nutritional knowledge than the mothers of normal children(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in food behavior between the obese and normal groups. There were no significant differences in maternal child-rearing practices and in maternal attitude on flood behavior of children. Considering psychological factors ; 72.1% of the children with obesity appraised their body image as obese(p<0.05), and 54.1% of the mothers in obese group perceived their child's body shape as obese(p<0.05). The level of self-esteem were not significantly different when compared between the obese and normal groups. From these results, it was suggested that effective measures for obesity treatment and prevention should include nutritional monitoring, and such efforts need to be maintained in order to help the obese children and their mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.159-175
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• 2000

This study examined the relations of acculturation and parenting behaviors of 279 Korean-Chinese mothers living in Yanbian Area in China to Adjustment of their eighth- and ninth-grade children. The mothers completed a questionnaire consisted of items regarding daily eating habits(food life) and language use, the acculturation scale, and the parenting scale, and their children completed the depression, self-esteem, and social competence scale. While most of mothers preferred Korean food to Chinese food, they preferred Chinese to Korean in daily language use. The mothers'ethnic identity was negatively related to depression of their children, whereas their out-group orientation was positively related to social competence of their children. In general, the relation between mothers'acculturation and adjustment of their children was not mediated by their parenting behaviors. But maternal warmth and acceptance partly mediated the relation between their out-group orientation and social competence of their children. These results imply that their acculturation tends to have direct effects on adjustment of their children.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antenatal depression in pregnant women and its influencing factors. Methods: With a cross-sectional survey design, a total of 396 pregnant women were recruited from a local obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Measurements included antenatal depression, perceived stress, predictors of depression during pregnancy, and demographic and obstetric characteristics. Results: Mean antenatal depression score was 8.20 (standard deviation=4.95) out of 30, falling into its normal range. However, the prevalence of antenatal depression was 35.9% when cut-point of 9/10 was used. The prevalence of antenatal depression among women in the first trimester was 31.4%. It was slightly increased to 34.9% in the second trimester but significantly increased to 40.5% in the third trimester. In multiple logistic regression analysis, experiencing prenatal anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 4.16), having no job (OR, 2.90), lower self-esteem (OR, 1.62), and higher perceived stress (OR, 1.32) were significant factors influencing antenatal depression. Conclusion: Negative feeling such as feeling anxious, lower self-esteem, and higher perceived stress during pregnancy are key factors affecting antenatal depression. Thus, antenatal nursing intervention focusing on pregnant women's feeling upon their job status is necessary to improve their antenatal psychological well-being.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of postpartum depression. The qualitative research method used was rounded theory. The interviewees were eight others who had experienced postpartum depression. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of twelve months. he data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. Analysis the grounded data resulted in 28 concepts being identified. Eight categories emerged from the analysis. The categories were regret, loss of freedom, isolation of oneself, heartache, loss, emotional upset, avoidance, recovery. These substantive categories are consistent with precious research results. Causal conditions included : regret, loss of freedom. Phenomena : heartache, loss, emotional upset. Context : isolation oneself. Intervention condition : avoidance. Action/interaction strategies : desire for recovery. Consequences : recovery. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-The process of filling the empty loss of self. The process of the experienced postpartum depression was ① change after delivery, ② searching for a reason for depression, ③ effort to recover from postpartum depression, ④ recovery from postpartum depression and return to previous life. The process of recovery from postpartum depression was proceeded by ① support from others, especially husband, ② resolution of stressful life events, ③ reconstructing of life goals and resolution strategies, ④ acceptance of depression and seeking psychiatric treatment. Seven hypotheses were derived from the analysis. ① Mothers who experienced stressful life event and economic problem are more depressive. ② Mothers who have conflict with parents are more depressive. ③ The more somatic symptoms, the more depression. ④ Social support facilitates recovery from postpartum depression. ⑤ Mothers who have lower self-esteem are more depressive. ⑥ Mother's role overload disturbs recovery from postpartum depression. ⑦ Ideal maternal identity facilitates recovery from postpartum depression. Through this substantive theory, nurses can understand the importance of postpartum depression management.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a parenting intervention program and determine the efficacy of the program with low-birth weight infants and their mothers. Nine dyads for the experimental group and twelve dyads for the control group discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Seoul were recruited for the study. For the intervention group, programmed education and support which focused on the maternal sensitivity of the infant's behavior. rearing environment. motherinfant interaction and infant care were given to each subject. Individual counseling and home visits were provided at discharge, one week after discharge. and one and three months of corrected age in every infant. Structured questionaires were administered and feeding interactions were videotaped and coded by a blinded certified observer. A Quasi-experimental design was conducted for this study. Postpartum depression, maternal self esteem. infant care burden, HOME. mother-infant interaction, and infant development were measured. Results were in favor of the intervention versus the control group. On the Beck depression inventory, intervention mothers showed decreasing trends in depressive symptom vs control mothers although, there were statistically no significant differences between the two groups at each time. The mean score of experimental group was 11.55(mild depression state) at discharge and became 8,6(normal state) at 1 month of corrected age. On the other hand, the mean score of the control group was 13.92(mild depression state) at discharge and became 14.0. Maternal self esteem in both groups improved over time. Infant care burden in both groups was also shown to increase over time. There was a significant difference between the two groups in HOME(p=.0340) at 3 months of corrected age. HOME scores of the experimental group and the control's were 31.10 and 25.58, respectively. Mothers' emotional and language responses were significantly high in the intervention group compared with the control group(p=.0155). Intervention group (53.33) showed a significantly high quality of motherinfant interaction compared with the in control group (42.80)(p =.0340). Intervention group mothers appeared have a better quality of mother-infant interaction behaviors. On the other hand, there was no statistical difference in the infant part between groups. Intervention group infants had higher trends in a general developmental quotient: although, there was no statistical difference between groups. The general developmental quotient of intervention infants was 102.56 and control's was 91.28. However, the developmental quotient of the domain of 'individuality-sociality' was higher in the intervention group infants compared with the control's(p=.0155). The concerns identified by parents revealed two domains of an infants' health management -knowledge and skills in caregiving of lowbirthweight-infants, characteristics of lowbirthweight infants, identifying a developmental milestone, coping with emergency situations and relaxation strategies of mothers from the infant care burden. Interview data with the mothers of low-birth weight infants can be used to develop intervention program contents. Limited intervention time and frequency due to time and cost limitations of this study should be modified. The intervention should be continuously implemented when low-birth weight infants become three years old. An NNNS demonstration appeared to be a very effective intervention for the mothers to improve the quality of mother-infant interactions. Therefore intervening in the mothers of low-birth weight infants as early after delivery as possible is desirable. This study has shown that home visit interventions are worthwhile for mothers only beyond the approach as an essential factor in ability of facilitating a growth fostering environment. In conclusion. the intervention program of this study was very effective in enhancing the parenting for the mothers of low-birth weight infants, resulting in health promotion of low-birth weight infants. The home-visit outreach intervention program of this study will contribute to the health delivery system in this country where there is a lack of continuous follow-up programs for low-birth weight infants after discharge from NICU, if it is activated as part of the home visit programs in community health systems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 1987

Il-primigravidas who visited antenatal clinic and their husbands were taught lamaze childbirth education by the investigator in the third trimester of pregnancy. Lamaze childbirth educational course consisted of six weekly class totaling twelve hours of instruction. A questionnaire was adminstered to subjects for the evaluation of Lamaze educational Program. 21-questions were rated on a Likert-type scale containing five responses and subjects described the advantages, the disadvantage, and the difficulties of lamaze childbirth education course. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The core contents of lamaze childbirth educational Program were Process of labor, anatomy and physiology of the female body, the care of newborn, maternal-infant attachment, breathing patterns to be used at the appropriate stage of labor, techniques for conscious relaxation of muscles during labor and delivery, and exercise to limber and prepare the body for the work of labor and delivery. All couples understood the above core contents very well and there were not significant differences between the understanding scores of wives and those of husbands (p>0.05). 2. 81.8% of couples Practiced breathing pattern to be used at the appropriate stages of labor one or three times a day and 72.7% of couples practiced conscious relaxation of muscles one or three times a day. 3. The contents of Lamaze childbirth educational program were easy for the couples to understand, and the total length, the amounts and the structures of 6-classes were appropriate. 4. Lamaze childbirth educational program was very useful, necessary, interesting, and successful to achieve the couples' objectives. 5. The couples expressed that they had positive attitude and high self-esteem, and reduced their anxiety on the pregnancy and labor.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.394-407
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• 2011

Better understanding of the complex factors leading to human diseases will be necessary for both long term prevention and for managing short and long-term health problems. The underlying causes, leading to a global health crisis in both acute and chronic diseases, include finite global health care resources for sustained healthy human survival, the population explosion, increased environmental pollution, decreased clean air, water, food distribution, diminishing opportunities for human self-esteem, increased median life span, and the interconnection of infectious and chronic diseases. The transition of our pre-human nutritional requirements for survival to our current culturally-shaped diet has created a biologically-mismatched human dietary experience. While individual genetic, gender, and developmental stage factors contribute to human diseases, various environmental and culturally-determined factors are now contributing to both acute and chronic diseases. The transition from the hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-dependent human being has brought about a global crisis in human health. Initially, early humans ate seasonally-dependent and calorically-restricted foods, during the day, in a "feast or famine" manner. Today, modern humans eat diets of caloric abundance, at all times of the day, with foods of all seasons and from all parts of the world, that have been processed and which have been contaminated by all kinds of factors. No longer can one view, as distinct, infectious agent-related human acute diseases from chronic diseases. Moreover, while dietary and environmental chemicals could, in principle, cause disease pathogenesis by mutagenic and cytotoxic mechanisms, the primary cause is via "epigenetic", or altered gene expression, modifications in the three types of cells (e.g., adult stem; progenitor and terminally-differentiated cells of each organ) during all stages of human development. Even more significantly, alteration in the quantity of adult stem cells during early development by epigenetic chemicals could either increase or decrease the risk to various stem cell-based diseases, such as cancer, later in life. A new concept, the Barker hypothesis, has emerged that indicates pre-natal maternal dietary exposures can now affect diseases later in life. Examples from the studies of the atomic bomb survivors should illustrate this insight.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.141-164
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand the school achievement of domestic adopted children in Korea and its related factors. Although the developmental outcomes of domestic adopted children were the focus of research interests, their school achievement has never been fully addressed in Korea. The subsample (9-17 years old) of 5th wave data of was used for the analysis. The results showed that the school achievement level of domestic adopted children was not significantly different from their non-adopted peers during elementary school years except the mathematics, but changed drastically after they entered the middle school, showing significantly lower level from their non-adopted peers. Factors related with the overall school achievement were the level of school, maternal education, age at adoption, child's self-esteem and school adjustment. For specific subject, however, significant factors were found to be somewhat different. Based on the results of the study, the practical guidelines to improve the school achievement of adopted children were suggested. Also, suggestions for the following studies were made.