• 아동학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2002

영아기의 애착형성이 어머니의 특성에 따른 상호작용에 의해 안정애착 혹은 불안정 애착으로 발달된다는 이론이 널리 알려지면서 불안정 애착에 대한 예방과 치료중재의 필요성이 고취되어졌음에도 불구하고, 가장 결정적인 문제인 어머니의 어떤 특성들이 아동의 불안정애착 형성에 직접적인 영향을 미치는가에 대한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 어머니와 아동간의 세대간 애착순환을 재검증함과 동시에 어머니의 양육스트레스가 어머니-아동 불안정 애착전이를 예방 및 중재시킬 수 있는 매개변인이 되는지를 검증하고자 한다. 영아기 이후의 애착형성에 대한 이해를 확장시키기 위한 시도에서, 30개월에 달한 아동과 어머니 53쌍이 조사 관찰되어졌고, 이는 아동발달의 관점에서 이 아동들이 49개월에 달했을 때 다시 조사 관찰되어졌다. 아동양육과 관련된 어머니 특성들을 측정하기 위하여 the Attachment Style Questionnaire와 the Parental Stress Inventory를 사용하였고, 아동애착안정성을 측정하기 위하여 the Separation-Reunion Classifications (1차)와 the Attachment Q-set (2차)이 사용되어졌으며, 이를 분석하기 위해 Amos structural equation 통계분석법이 사용되었다. 이에 따른 본 연구결과는, 아동애착안정성은 어머니 애착유형과 유의미하게 관련되어 있다는 것을 증명하였고, 단 이러한 관계는 어머니 스트레스 형태를 통하여 전달 형성된다는 것을 입증하였다. 더욱이 본 연구는 어머니-아동 애착 형성의 순환에 있어서 직접적인 경로가 없다는 것을 밝혀 줌으로서, 세대간 불안정애착 유형 순환 붕괴의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1409-1415
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• 2004

Purpose. To examine the effect of Taegyo-focused prenatal classes on maternal-fetal attachment and self-efficacy related to childbirth. Methods. Over 4 weeks, 49 women, 20 to 36 weeks of gestation participated in a prenatal program led by the nurse who developed it. In addition to Lamaze content it included; understanding ability of fetus to respond, sharing motivation, purpose of pregnancy, and preconceptions of experiencing childbirth, training in maternal-fetal interaction, writing letters and making a declaration of love to unborn baby. Using a pre-experimental design, data were collected by self-report, before and after program, using Cranley's Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (1981), and Shin's(1997) Labor Self-Efficacy Measurement. Results and Conclusion. Paired t-test showed significant changes in scores of maternal-fetal attachment (t=6.91. p<.001) and self-efficacy related to childbirth (t=10.19, p<.001). Taegyo opens the possibility of integrating Western ideas with Korean traditional health behavior. Incorporation of Taegyo into existing prenatal classes is recommended.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.81-103
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• 2000

Two sub-standies were conducted to analyze attachment related variables in infants and characteristics of maternal behavior. The first study investigated the relationships among attachment related variables in infants. The sample consisted of 58 pairs of 11- to 13- months-old infants and their mothers. A significant relationship was found among attachment security, infant temperament and maternal sensitivity. There were differences between security scores of the easy and difficult infants. Securely attached infants were rated as easier temperamentally than insecurely attached infants. The second study analyze maternal behavior characteristics. Subjects were this 30 mothers whose children were between the ages of 2 months and 24 months. The results identified four types of maternal behaviors. This study suggests different method of assessing subjective attributes of individuals by introducing Q-methods to the field of child development.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.3-17
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• 1999

Maternal sensitivity and infant temperament were studied in relation to infant attachment security. Subjects were 47 one-year-old infants anti their mothers from intact upper-middle class families. Mothers sorted the Attachment Q-set (Waters, 1987, version 3.0) and filled out the Toddlers Temperament Questionnaire(Chu, 1992). Maternal sensitivity was observed in the home for two 3-hour sessions, and observers completed the Maternal Behavior Q-set(Pederson, Moran et al., 1990). Attachment security scores of the infants, using criterion scores developed with Korean infants, were 42, which is comparable to Previous studies. Infants who were securely attached to mothers showed more secure-based behaviors and compliance, enjoyed physical contacts, and showed less fussy/difficult behaviors with mothers. Mothers of girls were observed to be more sensitive to their infants' signals than mothers of boys. Maternal sensitivity scores were not related to infant security scores. However, maternal sensitivity was related to less compliance to mothers for boys.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.147-164
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) intergenerational transmission from mother's internal working model of relationships formed in her childhood and infant's attachment patterns and (2) the associations among maternal working models, maternal sensitivity, and infant attachment patterns. The subjects were twenty 12- to 20-month-old infants and their mothers. The Adult Attachment Interview (1996) was used to assess mother's internal work model of relationships. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Each dyad was videotaped in the modified Ainsworth Strange Situation(1978) and filmed for 3 minutes in the Questionaire Situation of Smith and Pederson (1988). Mothers were classified as autonomous(F), dismissing(Ds), preoccupied(E), or unresolved/disorganized(Ud). Infants were classified as secure(B), insecure-avoidant(A), or insecure-resistant(C). Exact A/B/C/D and Ds/F/E/Ud agreement was observed in 55% of the dyads. Maternal sensitivity was related to infant attachment patterns but not to maternal working models.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors associated with maternal attachment of breastfeeding mothers, with a focus on the mothers' breastfeeding characteristics. Methods: Data were collected from 217 mothers who breastfed their healthy baby for 1 month after childbirth and had no postpartum complications. The data were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The factors significantly associated with maternal attachment were an emotional exchange with one's baby (${\beta}=.41$, p<.001), breastfeeding confidence (${\beta}=.20$, p=.022), depression ('quite a bit or more', ${\beta}=-.18$, p=.005), and depression ('a little', ${\beta}=-.14$, p=.024). The model explained 38.4% of variance in maternal attachment. Conclusion: In order to improve attachment, nurses should be actively supported in helping mothers in the first month postpartum adapt to breastfeeding. Interventions to prevent postpartum depression should also be conducted.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.338-347
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• 2022

Purpose: The incidence of high-risk pregnancies is increasing in Korea as the birth age increases due to late marriage. Maternal-fetal attachment is an important factor that affects children even after childbirth, but it is difficult for high-risk pregnant women to form maternal-fetal attachment. The current study aimed to explore whether taegyo practice (i.e., pregnant women's efforts for fetal good growth and development), self-esteem, and social support influenced the degree of maternal-fetal attachment in women with high-risk pregnancies. Methods: The participants included 226 pregnant Korean women at ≥20 gestational weeks, hospitalized with 15 high-risk pregnancy conditions as defined by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Recruitment via convenience sampling was done at four sites in Busan, Korea. Surveys were distributed and collected from February 1 to 28, 2022. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-factor analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: On average, participants were 33.97±4.23 years of age and at 31.65±6.23 gestational weeks. Preterm labor (35.4%) and gestational diabetes (21.0%) were the most common high-risk conditions. Maternal-fetal attachment was positively correlated with taegyo practice (r=.70, p<.001), self-esteem (r=.53, p<.001), and social support (r=.53, p<.001), all with statistical significance. Taegyo practice (β=.50, p<.001) and social support (β=.17, p=.030) explained 53% of variance in maternal-fetal attachment in women with high-risk pregnancies. Conclusion: Nurses caring for women with high-risk pregnancies during hospitalization can use these findings by promoting taegyo practice and enhancing social support to increase maternal-fetal attachment.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.232-240
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive survey study was designed to identify the stress coping types of married immigrant pregnant women and find out the differences in maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity based on each types. Methods: 151 married immigrant women who visited 3 women's hospitals located in J-do for pre-pregnancy checkup were selected as study objects. Data were analyzed by dsecriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ multiple comparison test. Results: Cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct stress coping styles; low stress-coping involvement social support-oriented type, high stress-coping involvement hopeful thinking type, low stress-coping involvement type, effective stress coping types. Women frequently using effective stress coping type among the four types reported higher maternal-fetal attachment. The group of active coping styles got significantly higher score on maternal identity. Conclusion: Proper stress coping of married immigrant pregnant women regarding pregnancies proved to result in high levels of maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity. Studies measuring the stress coping styles that affect pregnancies should be continuously conducted.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.340-349
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• 2004

Purpose: The quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of the integrated NICU hospitalization education on maternal attachment, maternal self-esteem, and EPDS in the 26 mothers of high-risk infants(HRI). Method: The subjects were divided into the experimental group to received the integrated NICU hospitalization education included the enforced direct education of NICU and HRI to the mothers using a booklet and the provision of the neomaternal exposure as soon as possible after delivery. The control group received the routine education of the NICU hospitalization, mostly including the admission process and the NICU rules delivering to the husband. The research variables were maternal attachment, maternal self-esteem, and EPDS. Result: The results showed the increases in these variables after the integrated education in experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: It supports the benefits of the early direct NICU education and the neomaternal exposures on maternal adaptation process in the mothers of HRI.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.2020-2028
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• 2015

본 연구는 Mercer의 어머니되기 이론적 모델에서 제시한 태아애착행위의 영향 변수(임신스트레스, 자존감, 결혼적응도, 자아통제감, 산전우울)를 고려하여 임부의 태아애착행위에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 산전검사를 위해 산부인과와 보건소에 방문한 임부 140명을 대상으로 2014년 8월 23일에서 11월 25일에 걸쳐 자가보고식 형태의 설문조사를 하였다. 자료는 SPSS 20을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson의 상관관계, 단계적 회귀분석을 통해 분석되었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 태아애착행위는 30세 이하 임부에서 31세 이상 임부보다 유의하게 높았고(t=2.79, p=.004), 초임부에서 경임부보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(F=3.27, p=.041). 태아애착행위는 임신스트레스(r=-0.22, p=.009)와 역상관관계를 보였고, 자존감(r=0.45, p<.001), 결혼적응도(r=0.42, p<.001), 자아통제감(r=0.24, p=.005)과는 정상관관계를 나타냈다. 임부의 태아애착행위에 영향을 미치는 요인은 자존감, 결혼적응도, 나이로 밝혀졌으며, 전체 모형의 26.1%를 설명하였다. 본 연구결과는 산전관리를 통해 임부의 자존감과 결혼적응도에 대한 이해 및 사정이 필요하고, 고령 임부의 태아애착행위 증진 중재의 개발 및 적용이 필요함을 시사한다.