• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 하파형(夏播型) 무우육성(育成)의 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고져 여름무우 소재(素材)로 사용(使用)될 수 있는 몇가지 무우품종(品種)의 품종간(品種間) 휴면성(休眠性)의 차이(差異), 그들간의 모계효과(母系效果) 및 전일장처리(全日長處理)가 휴면(休眠)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였고, 인위적(人爲的) 처리(處理)에 의(依)한 휴면타파(休眠打破)의 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)코져 실시(實施)하였으며, 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 7개(個) 품종(品種)의 채종(採種)직후(直後)의 발아율(發芽率)은 SP70- : 0.5%, PS11- : 37.5%, GJ75- : 75.5%, JD127- : 77.5%, YH85- : 81.0%, M55- : 96.5%, JC73- : 98.0%로 나타나 무우품종간(品種間) 차이(差異)에 따라 휴면(休眠) 정도(程度)의 차이(差異)가 있었다. 2. 휴면(休眠)이 깊은 SP70-의 휴면기간(休眠期間)은 60일(日) 이었으며, 이 품종(品種)을 모계(母系)로 하였을 때가 부계(父系)로 하였을 때 보다 휴면(休眠)이 깊게 나타났다. 3. 채종모본(採種母本)의 성숙정도(成熟程度)에 따라 휴면성(休眠性)이 달라졌는 바, 성숙모본(成熟母本)(3월(月)22일(日) 파종(播種))은 말숙모본(末熟母本)(11월(月)10일(日) 파종(播種))에 비(比)해 휴면(休眠)이 훨씬 경감(輕減)되었다. 4. 전(全) 생육기간(生育期間) 및 첫 꽃이 개화(開花)한 이후(以後)부터 SP70-에 전일장처리(全日長處理)를 행(行)한 구(區)는 휴면(休眠)의 정도(程度)가 낮았으며, 등숙기(登熟期) 이후(以後)의 처리구(處理區) 및 대조구(對照區)에서는 휴면(休眠)이 매우 깊은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 휴면(休眠)의 인위적(人爲的) 타파(打破)에 있어서는 GA 200ppm+thiourea 0.2% 혼용처리(混用處理)가 효과적(效果的)이었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 1996

Tetradifon에 저항성인 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae) 계통을 얻기 위하여, 1995년 3월 경북 안동의 농가 사과원에서 채집한 월동성충을 실험실에서 Tetradifon으로 4개월 동안 누대 도태시켰다. 5회 도태시킨 계통(Td5계통; 저항성배수 371.8배)으로써 Tetradifon 저항성의 유전양식과 8종의 살란성 살비제에 대한 교차 저항성 정도를 生妹殘留法(wholeplant residual method)으로 검정하였다. $F_{1}$난(RS 교배; Td5female$\times$Smale, 또는 SR 교배; Sfemale$\times$Td5male)의 log농도-미부화율 선이 S계통 보다는 Td5계통에 치우쳐 있어 점박이 응애 난의 Tetradifon에 대한 저항성은 우성으로 유전된다고 할 수 있으며, 저항성의 우성도는 RS난이 0.998이고, SR난이 0.262이어서 이 저항성의 유전에는 세포질적인 요소 또는 어미의 영향이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 즉 RS 교배의 경우에는 완전우성으로, SR 교배의 경우에는 불완전우성으로 유전되는 것 같다. Td5 계통은 clofentezine . benzoximate . chlorfenson에 대해서 교차 저항성을 나타내었고, fenazaquin . pyridaben . flufenoxuron . tebufenpyrad . fenothiocarb 등에 대해서는 비교차저항성을 나타내었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.363-371
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• 1997

미꾸리 암컷과 미꾸라지 (Misgurnus mizolepis))$\times$미꾸리(M. anguillicaudatus) 잡종 수컷을 교배시켜 역교배체를 생산하였다. 역교배체의 수정율과 부화율은 친어 수컷으로 사용된 미꾸리와 유사하였다. 더욱이 역교배체는 난황흡수기에 저온에 저항성을 보여 전 실험군이 폐사한 미꾸리군에 비하여 단 14%의 낮은 초기 사망률을 나타내어 뚜렷한 생존율 증가가 관찰되었다. 역교배체의 적혈구 크기와 DNA 함량은 친어 암, 수의 중간을 나타내었고 역교배체는 2n=48 혹은 2n=49인 2가지 종류의 2배체 염색체수를 나타내었다. 부화후부터 6개월 동안 동일 조건에서 성장률을 조사한 결과, 역교배체는 친어 암, 수의 중간 성장을 보여 어류양식시 새로운 양식대상 어종으로의 가능성을 시사하였다. 역교배체는 거의 미꾸리와 체색 및 형태에서 유사하였으나 형질계측결과 친어 암수의 중간을 나타내는 형질 및 몇 개의 새로운 획득형질이 관찰되었다. 역교배체는 부화후 2개월 및 부화후 4개월에서 각기 성비를 조직학적으로 조사한 결과 암컷을 전혀 발견할 수 없어 전 수컷 단성집단 생산의 가능성을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.638-645
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• 2013

Interferon-tau (IFNT) is thought to be the conceptus protein that signals maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants. We and others have observed that OCT4 expression persists in the trophectoderm of ruminants; thus, both CDX2 and OCT4 coexist during the early stages of conceptus development. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CDX2 and OCT4 on IFNT gene transcription when evaluated with other transcription factors. Human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells were cotransfected with an ovine IFNT (-654-bp)-luciferase reporter (-654-IFNT-Luc) construct and several transcription factor expression plasmids. Cotransfection of the reporter construct with Cdx2, Ets2 and Jun increased transcription of -654-IFNT-Luc by about 12-fold compared with transfection of the construct alone. When cells were initially transfected with Oct4 (0 h) followed by transfection with Cdx2, Ets2 and/or Jun 24 h later, the expression of -654-IFNT-Luc was reduced to control levels. OCT4 also inhibited the stimulatory activity of CDX2 alone, but not when CDX2 was combined with JUN and/or ETS2. Thus, when combined with the other transcription factors, OCT4 exhibited little inhibitory activity towards CDX2. An inhibitor of the transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein (CREBBP), 12S E1A, reduced CDX2/ETS2/JUN stimulated -654-IFNT-Luc expression by about 40%, indicating that the formation of an appropriate transcription factor complex is required for maximum expression. In conclusion, the presence of OCT4 may initially minimize IFNT expression; however, as elongation proceeds, the increasing expression of CDX2 and formation of the transcription complex leads to greatly increased IFNT expression, resulting in pregnancy establishment in ruminants.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1999

The beneficial effect of glucose and phosphate ions in culture medium on the development of human embryos in vitro has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization and culture of embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium on pregnancy rates in IVF-ET program. The patients in 244 IVF-ET cycles received GnRH agonist + HMG regimens. A does of 10,000 IU HCG was administered when two or more dominent follicles reached 18mm in diameter. Thirty-six hours after HCG, oocytes were recovered transvaginally using ultrasound guidance. Aspirated oocytes were matured for 4 to 6 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% follicular fluid (FF). Insemination was carried out with 50,000 motile spermatozoa in TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% fetal cord serum (FCS) according to experimental design. After 6 h, oocytes were washed 3 to 4 times and cultured in each fresh medium. After 20 h, oocytes were freed from cumulus/corona cells and examined for the presence of pronuclei. Fertilized oocytes were transferred into each co-culture drops and cultured for further incubation. On day 3, embryo transfer was performed with grade 1 and 2 embryos. Monolayers for co-culture of embryos were prepared by plating $1{\times}10^5$ cumulus cells/ml in 10ul drop of TCM-199 + 10% FF or m-TALP + 5% FF + 5% FCS media 24 h prior to the onset of co-culture. Development to 4 to 16 cell stage was observed at 70x magnification following two days of incubation. Pregnancy was confirmed by detecting increasing serum ${\beta}$-hCG concentrations for 11 days following embryo transfer. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test. Oocytes from 244 IVF-ET cycles were randomized. The number of cycles and mean age of patients were 97 and 147, 31.3 yrs and 31.2 yrs for TCM-199 (control) and m-TALP groups, respectively. The mean number of retrieved oocytes/cycle, fertilization rates, number of embryos transferred/ET and pregnancy rates were 11.1 and 10.3, 65.1% and 67.3%, 4.1 and 4.7, 28.9% and 43.8% for TCM-199 and m-TALP groups, respectively. Differences in the pregnancy rates were found between control and m-TALP groups (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate of patients divided according to maternal age groups of ${\leq}30$, 31-35, $36{\leq}$ were 44.4% and 49.0%, 26.1% and 41.3%, 29.2% and 41.2% for control and m-TALP groups, respectively. These data indicate that culture of human embryos in glucose/phosphate-free m-TALP medium improves pregnancy rates.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of in-service education on the nurse-newborn play interaction. The research design adopted the pre-experimental design applied only for one pretest-posttest group and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework. The subjects were 26 nurses who were selected from 2 nurseries in general hospital in Pusan, and 52 healthy newborns who were after 4 days from birth during data collection period at the same hospital. The data were collected from June 1st to October 5th in 2001, by video-taping for the interactive behaviors between the nurse and the newborn, played for 5 minutes in nurseries 2 weeks before and after in-service education. The in-service education consisted of the newborn's behavior responses focused on the newborn baby's states, behavior, cues and state modulation, 3 times per 1 week, 90 minutes per 1 time, lecture, demonstration and hand out project. The experimental tool used for this research was Ha Young-Soo's Korean translation of the Maternal-Infant Play Interaction Scale by Thompson, Jody Baird, Sara Gordman, Bryant(1982), some parts of which were adapted to be suitable for the purpose of this research. Mother and baby scale by Wolke & James-Roberts(1987) was also modified and used as the criterion of nurse's perception of a newborn baby. The results of this study were as follows: 1. This result supported the major hypothesis : After the intervention of in-service education, the nurse and newborn play interaction was promoted. 2. After intervention of in-service education, the nurse perception of newborn, especially the criteria of newborn's reaction was promoted., The results of this research confirm that in-service education on the newborn's behavior responses such as states, behavior, cues and state modulation is an effective way to improve the interaction between the nurse and the baby. It elevated the nurse's sensitivities to the baby's needs. Therefore, in-service education can change the conditions of current nursing practice mostly centered on physical care into a better one in which nurses consider the emotional, social, and intellectual development stages of babies. Accordingly, in-service education contributed to promoting the effective nurse-newborn play interaction so positively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

수태는 많은 신체적인 기능들의 높은 에너지 요구 및 산소요구량 증가로 인하여 생리적인 변화를 수반한다. 때문에 산소 섭취량 및 이용이 증가하여 산화적인 스트레스의 증가를 기대할 수 있다. 수태중에 발생되는 free radical에 대하여 홍삼사포닌 투여가 간 항산화효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 수태중에 superoxide dismutase(SOD)의 활성은 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 사포닌 투여군은 대조군에 비하여 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 glutathione peroxidase(GPX) , gluthatione reductase (GRD)와 catalase의 활성도는 수태중에 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 반면에 사포닌 투여군은 대조군 비하여 GRD 및 catalase의 활성도에 유의한 변화를 나타냈다. 사포닌 투여군의 GPX의 활성도는 대조군에 비하여 감소하는 경향이 다소 적게 나타났다. 수태중 대조군의 glutathione-S-transferase (GST) 활성도는 항상성을 유지하기 위해 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 사포닌 투여군도 대조군에 비하여 이 효소의 활성도가 더욱 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 분만 후 대조군 및 사포닌 투여군은 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 수태와 같은 생체변화에도 불구하고 수태한 흰쥐의 간 항산화 효소활성에 대한 사포닌의 영향은 산소독성에 대하여 모체간을 보호해주는 생리적 항상성의 적응메카니즘에 의하여 조절되는 것으로 보인다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제27권
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• pp.3.1-3.4
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• 2012

Objectives: The current use of humidifier detergent and its harmful impact on humans has arisen as a societal environmental health issue. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore the relationship between demo-socio characteristics and humidifier use, as well as the monthly usage changes in pregnant women; thus, we report the actual status of humidifier usage of Korea's pregnant population. Methods: From a birth cohort of a Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, 1,144 pregnant women who responded through questionnaires including demo-socio characteristics, obstetric status and household environment including whether they use humidifier and frequency of use were included in this study. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the relationship between maternal characteristics and the relevance of the use of humidifiers was performed using a chi-square test, a t-test and univariate logistic regression analysis. The monthly usage rate was demonstrated in the graph. Results: The humidifier usage rate in pregnant women was 28.2%. The average frequency of humidifier usage was 4.6 days per week, 7.3 hours per day. The usage rate was higher in the multipara group and the above the age of 34 age group than in the primipara and below the age of 34 groups. Seoul showed a higher usage rate than Cheonan and Ulsan and as the education level and income increased, the usage rate of humidifiers among pregnant women also increased. In the monthly trend of usage rate, the winter season showed the highest usage rate of over 45% and the lowest in late summer and beginning of fall with a value of 12% or less. Conclusions: During pregnancy, the mother's body is especially vulnerable to hazardous environmental exposure that not only affects the pregnant woman but also the fetus. Further research is still needed to elucidate the route and effect of environmental risk factors. Therefore, based on precautionary and preventive principles, special interest and caution in harmful environments are strongly needed not only at an individual level but also at a national level.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2013

Pig producers have been shown keen interest of the number of spermatozoa in a semen dose since pig artificial insemination introduce. However, determining the minimal number of spermatozoa need per AI without detrimental effect on overall reproductive performances is not an easy question to answer. To increase the efficiency of semen utilization in pig AI, optimum number of spermatozoa per dose needed to determine. The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive performance and factors that affect on-farm application of low-dose semen insemination in sows. Data were collected from Darby Genetics AI studs from 4th of June to 7th of July, 2012 (n=401). The numbers of parturition were 84, 234 and 83 in sows inseminated with doses of $1.5{\times}10^9$, $2.0{\times}10^9$ and $2.5{\times}10^9$ spermatozoa in 100ml extender, respectively. There were no significant differences on reproductive performances such as gestation period, total born, total born alive, stillbirth and mummy in sows inseminated with different semen doses. The average number of born alive was 10.5, 11.0 and 10.4 from sows inseminated with $1.5{\times}10^9$, $2.0{\times}10^9$ and $2.5{\times}10^9$ sperms, respectively. Also, number of spermatozoa per dose did not affect litter size (p>0.10). There were no significant differences of maternal genetic line difference on gestation period, total number born, number born alive, born dead and mummy. The estimated correlation coefficients of the different semen doses with total number born, number born alive, born dead and mummy were r=-0.00, -0.01, 0.02 and 0.02, respectively. Taken together, the result of this study suggested that when semen was appropriately inseminated after induced ovulation, insemination with low-dose ($1.5{\sim}2.0{\times}10^9$) semen dose not adversely affect sow's fertility.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.30-44
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the causes and the effects of korean medicine treatment on alopecia. Methods : 1050 patients with alopecia, who had visited oriental medical clinics from July 2011 to October 2012, were analyzed by self-assessments. And 153 patients of them were treated with korean medicine treatment for 3 months. Treatment results were evaluated by patients' self-assessments and global & enlarged photographic reviews. Results : 1. The gender ratio of male to female was 2:1 and most patients belonged to the 20~30 year old group. 2. Family history of baldness in alopecia patients was a total of 57.3%, paternal 44.4% and maternal 21.2%. 3. Subjective symptoms of fever in parietal region was a total of 97.4% in alopecia patients. 4. After 1 month treatment, the fever in the parietal region was decreased by 37.3% of patients. And their subjective hair loss was also significantly decreased. 5. After 3 months of treatment, the global photographic review was improved by 56.2% of the patients and the enlarged photographic review was significantly improved by 5.2% in patients' total hair count. Conclusions : A significant number of alopecia patients were young and less relative in genetic alopecia causes was less relevant than the past. Recent causes of alopecia were more concerned with the fever in parietal region. According to that reason, cooling effect korean medicine treatment was expected to be effective for febrile alopecia, and actually had significant effects on this study. For future studies, it's long term treatment and follow up studies are needed.