• Title/Summary/Keyword: Materials recycling

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A Study of Cleaning Technology for Zirconium Scrap Recycling in the Nuclear Industry (원자력산업에서 지르코늄 스크랩 재활용을 위한 세정기술에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Ji-Eun;Cho, Nam-Chan;An, Chang-Mo;Noh, Jae-Soo;Moon, Jong-Han
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.264-271
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    • 2013
  • In this study, we optimized the removal condition of contaminants attached on the scrap surface to recycle the scrap generated from the Zr alloy tube manufacturing process back to the nuclear grade. The main contaminant is remnant of watersoluble cooling lubricant that is used in the pilgering manufacture during the tube production, and it is assumed to be compressed and carbonized on the surface of tube. Zirlo alloy tube of ${\phi}9.50mm$, which has high occurrence frequency of scrap, was selected as the object to be cleaned, and cleaning abilities of reagents were evaluated by measuring the characteristics of contaminants remained and by analyzing the surface of the tube after cleaning process. For evaluation of each cleaning agent, we selected two types of sodium hydroxide series and three types of potassium hydroxide series. Furthermore, to confirm dependence on tempe-rature and ultrasonic intensities, cleaning at the room temperature, $40^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$ was conducted, and results showed that higher the cleaning temperature and higher the ultrasonic intensity, better the cleaning effect. As a result of the bare-eye inspection, while the use of sodium hydroxide provided satisfactory condition on the tube surface, the use of potassium hydroxide series provided satisfactory condition on the tube surface only when the ultrasonic intensity was over 120 W. In the cleaning effect analysis using the gravimetric method, cleaning efficiency of sodium hydroxide series was as high as 97.6% ($60^{\circ}C$, 120 W), but since the tube surface condition was poor after the use of potassium hydroxide, the gravimetric method was not appropriate. In the analytical result of surface contaminants on the tube surface, C, O, Ca, and Zr were detected, and mainly C and O dominated the proportion of contaminants. It was also found that the degree of cleaning on the tube affected the componential ratio of C and O; if the degree of cleaning is high, or if cleaning is well-conducted, the proportion of C is decreased, and the proportion of O is increased. Based on these results, optimal cleaning for application in the industry can be expected by categorizing cleaning process into three steps of Alkali cleaning, Rinsing, and Drying and by adjusting cleaning parameters in each step.

Thermal Conductivity and Pore Characteristics of Low-Temperature Sintered Lightweight Aggregates Mode from Waste Glass and Bottom Ash (바텀애쉬와 폐유리를 사용하여 제조한 저온소성 경량골재의 열전도율과 기공특성)

  • Lee, Han-Baek;Ji, Suk-Won;Seo, Chee-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.851-858
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    • 2010
  • In this study, waste glass and bottom ash were used as basic materials in order to secure a recycling technology of by-products which was mostly discarded and reclaimed. In addition, because softening point of waste glass is less than $700^{\circ}C$ and bottom ash includes combustible material, it was possible to manufacture low-temperature sintering lightweight aggregates for energy saving at $800{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ that it is as much as 20~30% lower than sintering temperature of existing lightweight aggregates. Thermal conductivity of newly-developed lightweight aggregates was 0.056~0.105W/m. K and its porosity was 40.36~84.89%. A coefficient of correlation between thermal conductivity and porosity was -0.97, it showed very high negative correlationship. With this, we were able to verify that porosity is key factor to affect thermal conductivity. Microstructure of lightweight aggregates by $CaCO_3$ content and replacement ratio of bottom ash in the variation of temperature were that $CaCO_3$ content increased along with pore size while replacement ratio of bottom ash increased as pore size decreased. Specially, most pores were open pore instead of closed pore of globular shape when replacement ratio of bottom ash was 30%, and pore size was small about 1/10~1/5 as compared with case in bottom ash 0~20%. In addition, open pore shapes were remarkably more irregular form of open pore in $900^{\circ}C$ than $700^{\circ}C$ or $800^{\circ}C$ when replacement ratio of bottom ash was 30%. We reasoned hereby that these results will influence on absorption increase, strength and thermal conductivity decrease of lightweight aggregates.

Environmental Leachability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust for Applying as Hazardous Material Treatment (제강분진을 이용한 유해물질 처리기술 적용을 위한 안전성 평가)

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon;Kang, Sung-Ho;Kim, Jee-Hoon;Chang, Yoon-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.329-336
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    • 2006
  • Iron manufacturing process involves production of various by-product including slag, sludge, sintering and EAF(Electric Arc furnace dust). Some of the by-products such as EAF and sintering dust are disposed of as waste due to their high heavy metal contents. It has been notice for many years that the EAF dust also contain about 65% of Fe(0) and Fe(II) and then the possible utilization of the iron. One possibility is to apply the EAF as a lining material in conjunction with clay or HDPE liners, in waste landfill. The probable reaction between the leachate containing toxic elements such as TCE, PCE dioxine and $Cr^{6+}$ is reduction of the toxic materials in corresponding to the oxidation of the reduced iron and therefore diminishing the toxicity of the leachate. It is, however, prerequisite to evaluate the leaching characteristics of the EAF dust before application. Amelioration of the leachate would be archived only when the level of toxic elements in the treated leachate is less than that of in the untreated leachate. Several leaching techniques were selected to cover different conditions and variable environments including time, pH and contact method. The testing methods include availability test, pH-stat test and continuous column test. Cr and Zn are potentially leachable elements among the trace metals. The pH of the EAF dust is highly alkaline, recording around 12 and Zn is unlikely to be leached under the condition. On the contrary Cr is more leachable under alkaline environment. However, the released Cr should be reduced to $Cr^{3+}$ and then removed as $Cr(OH)_3$. Removal of the Cr is observed in the column test and further study on the specific reaction of Cr and EAF dust is underway.

Sensitivity of NOx Removal on Recycled TiO2 in Cement Mortar (재생 이산화티탄을 혼입한 모르타르의 NOx 저감률 민감도 분석)

  • Rhee, Inkyu;Kim, Jin-Hee;Kim, Jong-Ho;Roh, Young-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.388-395
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    • 2016
  • This paper explores the photocatalytic sensitivity of cement mortar incorporated with recycled $TiO_2$ from waste water sludge. Basically, $TiO_2$ cluster sank down slowly to the bottom of cement mortar specimen before setting and hardening process. This leads the mismatch of $TiO_2$ concentration on the top and the bottom faces of a specimen. This poorly dispersed $TiO_2$-cement mortar naturally exhibits poor NOx removal efficiency especially on the top of cementitious structure. In architectural engineering application such as building or housing structures, one can simply filp over from the bottom so that more $TiO_2$ concentrated surface can be placed outward into the air. However, in highway pavement case, this could not be applicable due to in-situ installation of concrete pavement. Hence, the dispersion of $TiO_2$ cluster inside the cementitous material is getting important issue onto road construction application. To elaborate this issue, according to our results, silica fume, high-ranged water reducer, viscosity agent, blast furnace slag were not enhanced much of dispersion characteristics of $TiO_2$ cluster. The combination of foaming agent and accelerator of hardening with viscosity agent and small grain size of fine aggregate may help the dispersion of $TiO_2$ inside cementitious materials. Even though the enhanced dispersion were applied to the specimen, NOx removal efficiency doest not change much for the top surface of the specimen. This concurrently affected by the presence of tiny air voids and the dispersion of $TiO_2$ in that these voids could easily adsorbed NOx gas with the aid of large surface area.

Composting Method and Physicochemical Characteristics of By-products from Home Garden Plants and Small Herbivore Feces (옥수수 부산물과 토끼 분변의 이화학적 성분특성 및 퇴비 제조조건)

  • Kim, Dae-Gyun;Kim, Jin-Young;Lee, Won-Suk;Kim, Hye-Hyeong;Seo, Myung-Whoon;Park, In-Tae;Hyun, Junge;Yoo, Gayoung
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.695-703
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to suggest a sustainable farming practice forresource recycling in vegetable gardens of North Korea. In North Korea, farmers are allowed to own private vegetable gardens less than $100m^2$. However, usage of fertilizers in private vegetable gardens is very limited due to economic sanctions by UN security council. If North and South Korea initiated the cooperative action in the near future, agricultural sector would be the highest priority cooperation area. Considering the current North Korean situation in agriculture, we would like to suggest a method for producing organic fertilizer manure. For raw materials for producing manure, we selected corn byproduct, which is the most abundant material, and rabbits' feces, which are easily obtained from individual private farms in North Korea. As we cannot get corn byproducts and rabbits' feces from North Korea, we prepared samples of corn byproducts and rabbits; feces from many places in South Korea. After statistical analysis of variance, there was no significant difference in the T-N contents of corn byproducts from Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeollabuk and Gyeongsangnam-dos, which indicates that the fertilizing quality of corn byproducts does not vary significantly in the spatial scale of South. Korea. In this sense, if we use corn samples from Gyeonggi province, they would not be very different from those of North Korean regions. Physicochemical properties of rabbits' feces were different between those eating feed grains and those eating plants only. Hence, we used rabbits' feces of the rabbits from Yeonchun area, which were fed by plants only. Using three different mixing ratios of corn byproducts and rabbits' feces, composting was conducted for 60 days. The mixing ratio of 1:1 produced the manure with % T-N of 1.98% and OM/N ratio of 31.7 after 30 days of composting, which is comparable to the quality of commercial manure.

Research and Consideration of Eco-friendly Radiation Shielding using CT Contrast Agent (CT 조영제를 이용한 친환경적인 방사선 차폐에 관한 연구 및 고찰)

  • Sung-Gil Kim;Yeon-Sang Ji
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.827-833
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    • 2023
  • CT(Computed Tomography) contrast agents are commonly used in general hospitals and university hospitals when taking radiographic examinations. The CT contrast medium contains a mixture of a substance called "Iodine", which absorbs radiation energy and makes it appear white in the CT image, further improving the image quality. In addition, the CT contrast agent, which moves like blood in the blood vessels, clearly differentiates it from muscle and water, so CT contrast agents are widely used in hospitals. These CT contrast agents absorb X-rays, but in order to absorb X-rays, they must have a high density or a high radiation absorption coefficient. Since the CT contrast agent is injected into the blood vessels, if the density is high, the blood vessels are strained and the patient is in shock. For this reason, it is necessary to match the density similar to that of water and always pay attention to side effects. In addition, the amount of CT contrast medium is adjusted according to the patient's body shape, and the remaining contrast medium is discarded. However, This study tried to find out the idea of recycling it as a radiation shielding material. Since the CT contrast medium has a high radiation absorption coefficient at a density similar to that of water, the amount to absorb radiation is adjusted, the amount of contrast medium and the amount of water are adjusted, and the amount of radiation absorbed is determined by mixing with water. In addition, a study was conducted to find out the result of the difference in radiation absorption in various ways by comparing the radiation quality coefficient and absorption coefficient with other substances or materials in an environmentally friendly method harmless to the human body by mixing CT contrast medium and water.

Numerical Study on Thermochemical Conversion of Non-Condensable Pyrolysis Gas of PP and PE Using 0D Reaction Model (0D 반응 모델을 활용한 PP와 PE의 비응축성 열분해 기체의 열화학적 전환에 대한 수치해석 연구)

  • Eunji Lee;Won Yang;Uendo Lee;Youngjae Lee
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2024
  • Environmental problems caused by plastic waste have been continuously growing around the world, and plastic waste is increasing even faster after COVID-19. In particular, PP and PE account for more than half of all plastic production, and the amount of waste from these two materials is at a serious level. As a result, researchers are searching for an alternative method to plastic recycling, and plastic pyrolysis is one such alternative. In this paper, a numerical study was conducted on the pyrolysis behavior of non-condensable gas to predict the chemical reaction behavior of the pyrolysis gas. Based on gas products estimated from preceding literature, the behavior of non-condensable gas was analyzed according to temperature and residence time. Numerical analysis showed that as the temperature and residence time increased, the production of H2 and heavy hydrocarbons increased through the conversion of the non-condensable gas, and at the same time, the CH4 and C6H6 species decreased by participating in the reaction. In addition, analysis of the production rate showed that the decomposition reaction of C2H4 was the dominant reaction for H2 generation. Also, it was found that more H2 was produced by PE with higher C2H4 contents. As a future work, an experiment is needed to confirm how to increase the conversion rate of H2 and carbon in plastics through the various operating conditions derived from this study's numerical analysis results.