• 식물분류학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2021

The chloroplast genome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch was sequenced to investigate intraspecific variations on the chloroplast genome. Its length is 127,689 bp long (34.3% GC ratio) with atypical structure of chloroplast genome, which is congruent to those of Glycyrrhiza genus. It includes 110 genes (76 protein-coding genes, four rRNAs, and 30 tRNAs). Intronic region of ndhA presented the highest nucleotide diversity based on the six G. uralenesis chloroplast genomes. A total of 150 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 10 insertion and deletion (INDEL) regions were identified from the six G. uralensis chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic trees show that the six chloroplast genomes of G. uralensis formed the two clades, requiring additional studies to understand it.

• 의료법학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-105
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• 2016

본 논문은 현대 유전체 맞춤 의료에서 인간유전체 정보를 둘러싼 잊혀질 권리와 공유할 의무를 중심으로 전개되는 논쟁들을 살펴보고 그 의의를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 목적을 위해 필자는 먼저 인간유전체 맞춤 의료의 정의와 이슈를 정리해 볼 것이다. 이후 본 논문은 인체유래물 및 인간유전체 정보를 둘러싼 논란을 크게 두 방향에서 전개한다. 두 방향이란 인간유전체 정보의 소위 개인적인 측면과 공동체적 측면을 말한다. 인간유전체 정보는 과연 누구의 것일까? 한 개인의 것일까? 그 개인이 속한 가족이나 공동체의 것일까? 필자는 인간유전체 정보가 이 두 속성을 모두 갖는다고 본다. 그리고 이 두 속성은 정보가공과 관련하여 개인과 공동체의 입장차를 중심으로 정보가공자인 연구자와 정보소유를 둘러싼 몇몇 문제를 제기한다. 그리고 이렇게 제기된 문제는 또 다른 의문을 불러일으킨다. 인체유래물로부터 그 정보를 가공한 연구자는 그 정보에 대해 얼마만큼의 소유권을 주장할 수 있을 것인가? 본 논문에서 필자는 이러한 문제의식들을 가지고 헬라세포(HeLa cell), 트리스탄 다 쿠나(Tristan da Cunha)섬 사람들의 천식유전자 특허, 과이미(Guaymi)여성 세포주, 하가하이(Hagahai)남성 세포주 등의 사례를 통해 유전체 맞춤의료를 위한 연구와 유전정보데이터베이스 구축에서 벌어지는 다양한 논쟁점들을 고찰해 보려 노력한다. 마지막으로 필자는 인체유래물 및 인간유전체 정보의 잊혀질 권리와 공유할 의무의 변증법적 종합을 몇몇 도덕철학자들의 입장을 통해 시도해 본다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2009

닭은 인간에게 계란과 닭고기를 공급하는 중요한 동물임과 동시에 발생학적, 비교 유전학적으로 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 2004년 발표된 닭의 genome sequencing이후 닭의 유전체 연구에 많은 변화가 일어났다. 본 논문은 그동안 닭의 유전체 연구에 사용된 기초 집단 등 닭 유전체 연구의 재료 현황 및 연구 현황을 재조명하여 봄으로서 앞으로 닭 유전체 연구의 방향을 설정하는데 도움을 주고자 작성하였다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2015

Molecular characterization technology in genetically modified organisms, in addition to how transgenic biotechnologies are developed now require full transparency to assess the risk to living modified and non-modified organisms. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methodology is suggested as an effective means in genome characterization and detection of transgenic insertion locations. In the present study, we applied NGS to insert transgenic loci, specifically the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in genetically modified rice cells. A total of 29.3 Gb (${\sim}72{\times}coverage$) was sequenced with a $2{\times}150bp$ paired end method by Illumina HiSeq2500, which was consecutively mapped to the rice genome and T-vector sequence. The compatible pairs of reads were successfully mapped to 10 loci on the rice chromosome and vector sequences were validated to the insertion location by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The EGF transgenic site was confirmed only on chromosome 4 by PCR. Results of this study demonstrated the success of NGS data to characterize the rice genome. Bioinformatics analyses must be developed in association with NGS data to identify highly accurate transgenic sites.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Design of novel materials in renewable energy systems plays a key role in powering transportation vehicles and portable electronics. This review introduces the research work of first principles-based computational design for the materials over the last decade to accomplish the goal with less financial and temporal cost beyond the conventional approach, especially, focusing on electrocatalyst toward a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It is proposed that the new method combined with experimental validation, can provide fundamental descriptors and mechanical understanding for optimal efficiency control of a whole system. Advancing these methods can even realize a computational platform of the materials genome, which can substantially reduce the time period from discovery to commercialization into markets of new materials.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2023

Objective : The association between boule (BOLL) and endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) loci and intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation has been reported via genome-wide association studies. We sought to identify genome-wide interactions involving BOLL and EDNRA loci for IA in a Korean adult cohort. Methods : Genome-wide pairwise interaction analyses of BOLL and EDNRA involving 250 patients with IA and 296 controls were performed using the additive effect model after adjusting for confounding factors. Results : Among 512575 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 23 and 11 common SNPs suggested a genome-wide interaction threshold (p<1.25×10^-8) involving rs700651 (BOLL) and rs6841581 (EDNRA). Rather than singe SNP effect of BOLL or EDNRA on IA development, they showed a synergistic effect on IA formation via multifactorial pair-wise interactions. The rs1105980 of PTCH1 gene showed the most significant interaction with rs700651 (natural log-transformed odds ratio [lnOR], 1.53; p=6.41×10^-11). The rs74585958 of RYK gene interacted strongly with rs6841581 (lnOR, -19.91; p=1.64×10^-9). Although, there was no direct interaction between BOLL and EDNRA variants, two EDNRA-interacting gene variants of TNIK (rs11925024 and rs1231) and FTO (rs9302654), and one BOLL-interacting METTL4 gene variant (rs549315) exhibited marginal interaction with BOLL gene. Conclusion : BOLL or EDNRA may have a synergistic effect on IA formation via multifactorial pair-wise interactions.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

Genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9, a third-generation gene scissor in molecular breeding at the genome level, is attracting much attention as one of the breeding techniques of the future. In this study, genetic and phenotypic analysis was used to examine the responsiveness of the Bakokjam variety of the silkworm Bombyx mori to molecular breeding using CRISPR/Cas9 in editing the white egg 2 (w-2) gene. The nucleotide sequence of the w-2 gene was analyzed and three different guide RNAs (gRNA) were prepared. The synthesized gRNA was combined with Cas9 protein and then analyzed by T7 endonuclease I after introduction into the Bm-N silkworm cell line. To edit the silkworm gene, W1N and W2P gRNA and Cas9 complexes were microinjected into silkworm embryos. Based on the results of microinjection, the hatching rate was 16-24% and the incidence of mutation was 33-37%. The gene mutation was verified in the heterozygous F1 generation, but no phenotypic change was observed. In F2 homozygotes generated by F1 self-crosses, a mutant phenotype was observed. These results suggest that silkworm molecular breeding using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is possible and will be a very effective way to shorten the time required than the traditional breeding process.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

Purpose: We developed and validated a fetal trisomy detection method for use as a noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) including a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified bioinformatics pipeline on a cloud-based computing system using both Illumina and Life Technology sequencing platforms for 221 Korean clinical samples. We determined the necessary proportions of the fetal fraction in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sample for NIPT of trisomies 13, 18, and 21 through a limit of quantification (LOQ) test. Materials and Methods: Next-generation sequencing libraries from 221 clinical samples and three positive controls were generated using Illumina and Life Technology chemistries. Sequencing results were uploaded to a cloud and mapped on the human reference genome (GRCh37/hg19) using bioinformatics tools. Based on Z-scores calculated by normalization of the mapped read counts, final aneuploidy reports were automatically generated for fetal aneuploidy determination. Results: We identified in total 29 aneuploid samples, and additional analytical methods performed to confirm the results showed that one of these was a false-positive. The LOQ test showed that the proportion of fetal fraction in the cfDNA sample would affect the interpretation of the aneuploidy results. Conclusion: Noninvasive chromosome examination (NICE), a CLIA-certified NIPT with a cloud-based bioinformatics platform, showed unambiguous success in fetus aneuploidy detection.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.215-217
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• 2024

Purple pigment producing bacterium strains AMJK, AMJM, and AMRM were isolated from sediment in sinan-gun, Korea and their draft genomes were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. The lengths of AMJK, AMJM, and AMRM genomes were 6,380,747 bp, 6,381,259 bp, and 6,380,870 bp, respectively and G+C contents were 62.82%, 64.15%, and 62.82%, respectively. Comparative analysis of genomic identity showed that three strains were closely related to the group of Janthinobacterium lividum. Functional analysis of AMJK, AMJM, and AMRM genomes showed that all strains harbor genes related to producing violacein (VioABCDE).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.968-975
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• 2018

In the course of screening for microbes with nematicidal activity, we found that Enterobacter asburiae HK169 displayed promising nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, along with plant growth-promoting properties. Soil drenching of a culture of HK169 reduced gall formation by 66% while also increasing root and shoot weights by 251% and 160%, respectively, compared with an untreated control. The cell-free culture filtrate of the HK169 culture killed all juveniles of M. incognita within 48 h. In addition, the nematicidal activity of the culture filtrate was dramatically reduced by a protease inhibitor, suggesting that proteolytic enzymes contribute to the nematicidal activity of HK169. In order to obtain genomic information about the HK169 isolate related to its nematicidal and plant growth-promoting activities, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of the HK169 isolate, and the resulting information provided evidence that the HK169 isolate has nematicidal and plant growth-promoting activities. Taken together, these observations enable the future application of E. asburiae HK169 as a biocontrol agent for nematode control and promote our understanding of the beneficial interactions between E. asburiae HK169 and plants.