• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.1837-1843
• /
• 2014

Background: No studies on male attitudes towards HPV and HPV vaccination have been conducted in Japan, and little is known globally whether attitudes of single fathers differ to those living with a female partner. This exploratory study assessed whether Japanese fathers were likely to have their daughter vaccinated against HPV in a publically funded program and whether any differences existed regarding attitudes and knowledge about HPV according to marital status. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 27 fathers (16 single; 11 married) who took part in a study on HPV vaccine acceptability aimed at primary caregivers of girls aged 11-14 yrs in three Japanese cities between July and December 2010. Results: Knowledge about HPV was extremely poor (mean score out of 13 being $2.74{\pm}3.22$) with only one (3.7%) participant believing he had been infected with HPV and most (81.4%) believing they had no or low future risk. No difference existed regarding knowledge or awareness of HPV according to marital status. Concerning perceived risk for daughters, single fathers were significantly more likely to believe their daughter was at risk for both HPV (87.5% versus 36.4%; p=0.01) and cervical cancer (75.0% versus 27.3%; p=0.02). Acceptability of free HPV vaccination was high at 92% with no difference according to marital status, however single fathers were significantly more likely (p=0.01) to pay when vaccination came at a cost. Concerns specific to single fathers included explaining the sexual nature of HPV and taking a daughter to a gynecologist to be vaccinated. Conclusions: Knowledge about HPV among Japanese fathers is poor, but HPV vaccine acceptability is high and does not differ by marital status. Providing sexual health education in schools that addresses lack of knowledge about HPV as well as information preferences expressed by single fathers, may not only increase HPV vaccine acceptance, but also actively involve men in cervical cancer prevention strategies. However, further large-scale quantitative studies are needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2016

Background: Nurses are the most visible, frontline personnel providing health education to patients. In particular, nurse experience with Pap examinations have the potential to influence women's attitudes toward screening for cervical cancer. However, nurses in Taiwan have lower rates of Pap testing than the general population. Understanding the factors predicting nurse intent to have a Pap exam and Pap exam status would inform interventions and policies to increase their Pap exam uptake. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire from a convenient sample of 504 nurses at a regional hospital in central Taiwan between August and October 2011 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and logistic regression. Results: Nurse intention to have a Pap exam was predicted by younger age, less negative attitudes toward Pap exams, and greater influence of others recommendations. However, nurses were more likely to actually have had a Pap exam if they were older, married, had sexual experience, and had a high intention to have a Pap exam. Conclusions: Nurses who are younger than 34 years old, unmarried, sexually inexperienced, and with low intention to have a Pap exam should be targeted with interventions to educate them not only about the importance of Pap exams in detecting cervical cancer, but also about strategies to decrease pain and embarrassment during exams. Nurses with less negative attitudes and experiences related to Pap exams would serve as role models to persuade women to have Pap exams, thus increasing the uptake rate of Pap exams in Taiwan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.79-99
• /
• 2015

Participants of this study were students of radiology who were attending colleges or universities located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. This researcher conducted a questionnaire survey of those students from Feb. 3rd to 21st, 2014. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. Concerning the knowledge of radiation exposure management, the respondents' scores were highest in two items, or 'Materials based on lead or concrete may shield X-rays' and 'The sexual gland is very sensitive to radiation' and lowest in the item which says' 'Occupational radiation exposure dose should not exceed 20mSv a year in average on a 5-year period basis'. 2. The participants' scores for the attitudes of radiation exposure management were higher in two items, or 'Health examination should be made regularly in relation to radiation exposure' and 'Those who work within the area of irradiation should wear protective clothes' and lowest in the item which says 'Radiation exposure dose should be regularly measured for the calibration of the radiation system'. 3. For the behaviors of radiation exposure management, the surveyed students showed highest scores in two items, or 'When irradiating the patient, the radiator should be behind the protective barrier(plate)' and 'It is needed to receive the education of radiation exposure management regularly' While, their score for a behavior described in the item saying 'Before using the radiation system, it is needed to check whether the machine works normally.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.411-422
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is twofold : (i) to investigate how much effort the married couples are making for the good health of both the pregnant woman and her unborn child from the time of their marriage to and during the period of conception : and (ii) to comprehensive investigate socio-cultural back-grounds which affect prenatal effort. Result of this study provide a basis for the prenatal care program which will be appropriate to our culture. This study has been done by the ethnographic research method. The subjects of this study are 53 people in all consisting of 33 pregnant women and 20 husbands. In order to investigate socio-cultural factors which influence Taegyo, producers of Taegyo music were interviewed. In addition the researcher surveyed the markets of Taegyo music, participated in special courses of prenatal education, analyzed the content of the books and periodicals dealing with Taegyo, and collected the concept of Taegyo distributed by the mass media. The full-fledged study continued for eight months from February to August.1996. The data were analyzed as soon as they were collected. Spradly's(1979, 1980) developmental, sequential method of domain analysis. taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis in this order was adopted as the procedure of analyzing the data. To obtain the exactness of study, Sandelowski's (1986) four criteria, that is, Credibility, Fittingness, Auditability, and Confirmability were applied to all stages of data collection, data analysis, the interpretation of the result, and the description of the result. The following are the result : 1. The couples' Taegyo at the stage of preconception was related to their physical, psychological, spiritual conditions under which a healthy baby will be born. Specific methods they prefer are : "the choice of one's spouse." "physical check-up," "physical good health, " "praying, " and so on. 2. When the marriod couple have sex in order to conceive, their Taegyo was related to the imposition of their physical, psychological, and environmental conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "having sex at specific time, " "having sex in nice place." "to purify their minds while having sex," and so on. 3. The married couples' Taegyo while they are in pregnancy was related to the imposition of their physical. psychological, emotionmental. environmental, social and spiritual conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "listening to music. " "reading," "looking at beautiful things only," "to avoid looking at or listening to bad things." "to eat food in good shape, " "to avoid drugs," "eating Korean herbal medicine." "sexual abstinence," "to avoid dangerous places," "to keep emotional tranquility," "moderate exercises and rest." "leading a pure life." "praying." "being aware of their words and behavior." "for the couple to keep a good relationship." "interaction with their unborn child," "to support Taegyo for pregnant women," and so on. 4. The married couple put Taegyo into practice on the basis of the following principles : the principle of respecting an unborn child, the principle of forming a good disposition. the principle of top-down parental love, the principle of synergy between a pregnant woman and her unborn child, the principle of expecting a good child, the principle of forming a good habit, and the principle of acquiring a parental role. 5. The practice of Taegyo is influenced by such factors as the married couple, the supporting system, and the mass media. As the husband -and-wife factor, their information of Taegyo, the degree of importance is assigned to their characters, their time to spare, their healthiness, the age of pregnant woman, their conception plan, their religion, their belief of the Taegyo effects, and the birth of a baby in this order. The factor of the supporting system consists of her husband's support, her family support, and her neighbor's support. The mass media factors include the broadcasting media, books specialized in Taegyo, periodicals for pregnant women, booklets for advertizing powdered milk, Taegyo music of record manufacturing companies, and the teaching materials for gifted children. Among these the mass media is especially taking advantage of Taegyo as its main source of economic profits are leading the public behavior pattern to a prodigal one. Taegyo is a self-control behavior which requires practice for the following : the physical and psychological good health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child, the development of the unborn child's good character, the development of the unborn child's intelligence and talents, the expectation of the unborn child's good features. shape a good habit, the expectation of the unborn child's bright future, and the learning of a parental role, the expectation of male birth. Above all it is a type of our good cultural tradition which pursues a value higher than the one that the prenatal care does. The principles of pregnancy care inherent in the habit of Taegyo will provide us a guideline for the development of the prenatal care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.100-118
• /
• 1991

This study was conducted in order to grasp the condition of the student's knowledge and attitude about sex. And to offer the basic materials for sex education of school health service. The objects were comprised of 464 volunteered students who study in commercial girls' high school. The material of this study was the questionaire suited to the purposed of this research which has been made through studying references. All the questionaire written by students. The self reported questionaires were collected immediately without explanation on supervision of school nurse. The data was collected from 28th to 30th of June on 1990. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SPSS for percentage, mean, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The Results are as follows; 1. General features of the objects of study School grade distribution was similar. Fathers of 41-50 years were the highest(58.3%), mothers of 41-50 years were the highest(64.3%), family of living together were the highest(87.5%), fathers of graduated high school were highest(60.7%), mothers of graduated middle school were the highest(43.0%) and neuclear families were highest(91.5%). 2. The Conditions of Knowledge about sex When 5 Point was given to "Well known" and 1 point was given to "Never known", the total average was 2.97, Especially the mean of Female physiology was shown 3.93, 73.4% of students have known. But the mean of male physiology was shown 2.23, 17.2% of students only. And Family planning item was 3.54, hymen item was 3.38, female genitalia item was 3.35, abortion item was 3.25, Intercourse and pregnancy item was 3.24, Ovulation item was 3.02, Contraception item was 2.97, Veneral disease and masturbation item was 2.82, maintenance of pregnancy item was 2.76, Anatomical differences between male and female item was 2.59, male genitalia item was 2.31, ejaculation item was 2.27. 3. The conditions of attitude about Sex When 5 point was given to "Very affirming" and 1 point was given to "Very deny" the total average was 3.20. Especially the mean of social intercourse between other sex was shown 3.92, 73.4% of students have affirmed. But the mean of psychic response on menstruation was shown 2.24, 8.8% of students only. And baby birth item was 3.72, the fact that I am a woman item was 3.53, marriage item was 3.49. Secondary body change item was 3.38, puberty item was 3.31, delivery and sexual intercourse item was 3.05, pregenancy item was 3.02, psychic condition on menarche item was 2.50. Also present counsellors about sex were teachers in charge (44.9%), friends(21.6%), mothers(20.6%), elder sisters (10.6%), mass-communications (1.5%), fathers (0.4%), school nurses and elder brother(0.2%). In addition to, future counsellors about sex were friends (37.7%), mothers(30.6%), elder sister (18.4%), school nurses (4.6%), mass communication (3.8%), teachers in charge (2.5%), elder brothers (1.4%) and fathers(1.0%). 4. Correlation between the general features and knowledge variables School grade and knowledge condition has relationship to female genitalia(P<0.05), female physiology (P<0.00), male physiology (P<0.05),ovulation (P<0.00), and femily planning (P<0.005). Fathers age and knowledge condition has relationship to male physiology(P<0.05), and abortion (P<0.05). Marrital status and knowledge condition has relationship to female physiology (P<0.01), masturbation (P<0.05). Fathers educational background and knowledge condition has relationship to masturbation (P<0.00). Mothers age and knowledge condition has relationship to family planning (P<0.05). 5. Correlation between the general futures and attituded variables Fathers age and attitude condition has relationship to psychic response on menstruation (P<0.05). Mothers age and attitude condition has relationship to fact that I am a woman (P<0.00). Mothers educational background and attitude condition has relationship to social intercourse between other sex (P<0.05). Type of family and attitude condition has relationship to puberty (P<0.01). 6. Correlation between knowledge condition and attitude condition Those who had more knowledge about sex have more affirmative response (P<0.001).