• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.82-92
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was attempted to understand the substance and meaning of menopause experienced by women through informal interviews with oral consent. The informants were 6 perimenopausal women of 50-55 years old who are executing menopause. Colaizz's analytical method, a type of phenomenological analysis, was used to analyze data recorded by audiotape. One professor and a master's degree student who understand phenomenology, and the one who has a master of arts examined the validity between the meanings composed of the clusters of themes. Findings were turned out to be valid through validation process as the last step. The meaning of menopause implied both 'concept about menopause' and 'menopause as a time of change'. Menopause was mostly considered as cessation of menstruation as a physiological, natural, and normal process by aging. However, some people regarded menopause as a loss of youth and womanhood and lessening of every function of the body. Menopause as the time of changes means 'the period of' 'hormonal changes' such as change of menstruation, hot flushes, perspiration, and palpitation ; 'body function changes' of visual acuity, physical strength, sleeping, digestion, thoughts, bone and joints, skin sensibility, sexual pattern and intelligence ; 'emotional changes' such as anxiety, loneliness, gloominess, and nervousness. Menopause is a turning point on the women's life cycle accompanying various kind of changes and health problems. Therefore it is inevitable to develop strategy helping menopausal women pass through the critical successfully by adapting and coping with their critical period toward the healthy and better quality of life individually rather than putting them all into the standardized hormonal replacement protocol.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.613-638
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• 2008

2005년 '국가연구개발사업 등의 성과평가 및 성과관리에 관한 법률'이 제정되고, 이를 수행하기 위한 '연구성과관리활용기본계획(안)'이 수립되면서 연구개발성과관리 및 활용 그리고 이에 대한 체계적인 관리가 본격화되고 있다. 본 연구는 관련 법령과'연구성과관리활용기본계획(안)'의 기본 목적에 부합하면서 성과 활용가능성이 크게 요구되고 있는 산업기술분야의 국가연구개발 성과확산을 촉진할 수 있는 추적평가관리체계 모형과 본 모형을 현행 연구기관평가체계와 양립할 수 있는 세 가지 적용방안을 제안한다. 특히, 국가 연구개발사업 및 과제의 성과에 대한 체계적이고 합리적인 추적평가를 위하여 AHP 및 DEA 등 계량적 방법론을 활용 상대 평가할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2017

최근 스마트 온디바이스 및 정보 통신 기술의 발전으로 인하여, 중단 없는 서비스에 대한 요구가 점차 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 시스템의 장애 발생 시에도 지속적으로 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 고가용성이 주목받고 있다. 한편, 대부분의 인터넷 서비스는 TCP를 기반으로 제공되기 때문에, 스마트 온디바이스의 고가용성을 위해서는 효율적인 TCP 세션 복구 기술이 필수적이다. 그러나 기존 TCP 세션 복구 기술은 높은 세션 복구비용이 요구되거나 페일오버를 지원하지 않는 문제점이 존재한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 스마트 온디바이스의 고가용성을 위한 TCP 세션 복구 기술을 제안한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 순서 번호와 확인 응답 번호의 보정을 통해 TCP 세션의 재연결 과정 없이 TCP 세션을 복원한다. 둘째, 마스터 서버와 백업 서버 간에 TCP 세션 복구 데이터를 동기화하고, 마스터 서버의 장애 발생 시 페일오버를 수행한다. 마지막으로, 가상 IP 주소와 GARP (Gratuitous ARP) 패킷의 전송을 통해 피어에게 무중단 서비스를 제공한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 SoC(System On a Chip)의 효율적인 설계와 빠른 검증을 위해서 Active-HDL과 Matlab의 Simulink를 연동하여 HDL, SystemC 및 알고리즘 레벨의 추상화를 동시에 통합하여 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하고, 이를 이용한 다채널 스피커의 직렬연결 기법을 설계 및 구현하였다. 구현은 ARM 프로세서와 Xilinx Virtex4 FPGA를 기반으로 하고 AMBA 버스를 사용하여 연동하는 SoC Master 보드 상에서 이루어졌다. 이러한 방법은 하드웨어 부분의 RTL 코드를 IP화하여 소프트웨어 부분과 동시에 검증 할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있으며 직렬 연결 스피커 시스템과 같이 많은 신호처리를 하는 부분에서 쉽고 빠르게 설계를 진행할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.603-606
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• 2000

The cost needed for the construction and management of highways in the whole nation is rapidly growing so the research that can decrease the cost is required. However, most of the highway specs have simply converted from those of other countries, including USA. Therefore, some of our design and construction specs were not the optimum ones based on our own situation, requiring a research under the actual traffic and environment of our nation. The use of test road develops many aspects of highway engineering. Those are evaluation of construction materials, a general overview of korea pavement design and serviceability under the actual traffic and environmental condition of the nation. It is also economical and efficient compared to the trial construction of each item in spreaded form. A test road, 7.7km long with two lanes, is being constructed on the Inner Central Expressway. In this test road, 2.7km is planned for asphalt pavement and 3.4km is planned for concrete pavement. Three test bridges and five earth retaining structures will be included in the test road. Based on the master plan, the major performance was progressing such as detailed research modules of each area, preliminary research for the future research, sensor surveys for the behavior analyses of pavements and structures with installation methods and data acquisition systems, the foundation research of Integrated Instrumentation System and the Management Plan for automated measurement. Some area(structure research division, geotechnical research division) was designed the instrumentation plan because some instrument sensors must be installed during the construction of the test road. And then the instrumentation plan of each area was enforcing because a large majority of the instrument sensors must be installed after the construction of the test road. The field surveys with material property tests and pilot instrumentation test with sensor tests was also performing in accordance with the construction in the field.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was performed to compare the planning of implant placement based on panoramic radiography (PAN) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and to study the impact of the image dataset on the treatment planning. Materials and Methods: One hundred five partially edentulous patients (77 males, 28 females, mean age: 46 years, range: 26-67 years) seeking oral implant rehabilitation were referred for presurgical imaging. Imaging consisted of PAN and CBCT imaging. Four observers planned implant treatment based on the two-dimensional (2D) image data-sets and at least one month later on the three-dimensional (3D) image dataset. Apart from presurgical diagnostic and dimensional measurement tasks, the observers needed to indicate the surgical confidence levels and assess the image quality in relation to the presurgical needs. Results: All observers confirmed that both imaging modalities (PAN and CBCT) gave similar values when planning implant diameter. Also, the results showed no differences between both imaging modalities for the length of implants with an anterior location. However, significant differences were found in the length of implants with a posterior location. For implant dimensions, longer lengths of the implants were planned with PAN, as confirmed by two observers. CBCT provided images with improved scores for subjective image quality and surgical confidence levels. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, there was a trend toward PAN-based preoperative planning of implant placement leading towards the use of longer implants within the posterior jaw bone.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To evaluate the fit of a three-unit metal framework of fixed dental prostheses made by subtractive and additive manufacturing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One master model of metal was fabricated. Twenty silicone impressions were made on the master die, working die of 10 poured with Type 4 stone, and working die of 10 made of scannable stone. Ten three-unit wax frameworks were fabricated by wax-up from Type IV working die. Stereolithography files of 10 three-unit frameworks were obtained using a model scanner and three-dimensional design software on a scannable working die. The three-unit wax framework was fabricated using subtractive manufacturing (SM) by applying the prepared stereolithography file, and the resin framework was fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM); both used metal alloy castings for metal frameworks. Marginal and internal gap were measured using silicone replica technique and digital microscope. Measurement data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U-test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The lowest and highest gaps between premolar and molar margins were in the SM group and the AM group, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the marginal gap among the 3 groups (P<.001). In the marginal area where pontic was present, the largest gap was $149.39{\pm}42.30{\mu}m$ in the AM group, and the lowest gap was $24.40{\pm}11.92{\mu}m$ in the SM group. CONCLUSION. Three-unit metal frameworks made by subtractive manufacturing are clinically applicable. However, additive manufacturing requires more research to be applied clinically.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2011

스마트 패킷 에이전트는 유비쿼터스 네트워크 환경에서 사용자들의 단말에 라우팅 프로토콜 실행모듈과 서비스 실행모듈을 동적으로 제공해주기 위해 제안된 어플리케이션 서비스이다. 하지만 기존의 스마트 패킷 에이전트는 브로드캐스트 멀티 홉 전송기법을 사용함으로 인해 네트워크 내 트래픽 증가, 구성 노드들의 불필요한 참여, 낮은 전송 속도 등의 문제점을 발생시켰다. 본 논문에서는 브로드캐스트 멀티 홉 전송기법의 패킷 전송 소요 시간을 줄이고 네트워크 트래픽을 개선하기 위한 유니캐스트 기반의 멀티 홉 전송기법을 제안한다. 유니캐스트 기반의 멀티 홉 전송기법은 u-Zone Master가 이동 노드와의 Hop Counter 계산을 통하여 임시 라우팅 경로를 설정하게 함으로써, 스마트 패킷 에이전트의 네트워크 트래픽과 패킷 재전송률을 감소시킨다. 또한 본 논문에서는 슬라이딩 윈도우 기반의 UDP 전송 방식을 제안하여 기존의 Stop&Wait 방식이 지니고 있던 낮은 전송 속도 문제를 개선하였다. 제안 방식의 개선 사항은 성능 분석의 결과로 입증한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

This study is to make the preservation plan for sustainable preservation restoration of Namsa-Yedamchon, Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do through analyzing the site's characteristics and prototype landscape. Namsa-Yedamchon proudly presents ancient traditions and various historic resources. And several development plan and projects associated with historic resources of this site are in progress. Therefore, it was carried out to make master plan of Namsa-Yedamchon for preserving various prototype landscape. To achieve this, literature search, field survey, local residents' interview and the estimation of value on each prototype landscape were carried out. In literature search, it was analyzed to the previous studies related to this study and past data was collected like past picture, antique books, articles and so on. In field survey, it was carried out to analyze the present condition and the problems of prototype landscape in this site. In addition, the progress of landscape change in this site was analyzed through local residents' interview. The estimation of value on each prototype landscape was carried out to set up the appropriate preservation directions and preservation scope through selecting more important prototype landscape among them. Through these steps, the master plan was deducted and it was divided into 3 type; preservation conservation zone, restoration maintenance zone and renovation utilization according to landscape components, preservation scope, surroundings and so on.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2011

Reduction of ship's rolling is the most important performance requirement for improving the safety of the crew on board and preventing damage to cargo as well as improving the comfort of the ride. It is a common experience for mariners, to see that steering with a rudder generally induces rolling of the ship, though the original aim of the rudder is to keep the ship's heading to the required course. At the first stage, when a rudder is steered, usually a ship heels in an inward direction, due to the roll moment acting on the rudder. At the next stage in steering, the main heel may change to an outward. This coupling between rudder and roll motion has become an attractive problem from the point of view of roll stabilization using the rudder, because it is a natural in sight that if the rudder action is skillfully related to the change of roll as well as to the course deviation, the roll can be reduced to a certain degree. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the results of the actual full-scale sea trials carried out on steer gear No.1 and No.1 2, the individual quartermaster and to make clear their statistical properties, using the actual data which included measurement of roll angle, roll rate and the comparative tests were carried out immediately after each other, in order to minimize any statistical variation in sea conditions. It can be concluded that the steer gear No. 1 2 reduced the roll motion on average by about 21% in comparison with the No.1 and confirmed the some difference as per a ability of quarter-master's maneuver.