• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2023

A smart city is a massive internet of things (IoT) environment, where all terminal devices are connected to a network to create and share information. In accordance with massive IoT environments, millions of IoT devices are connected, and countless data are generated in real time. However, since heterogeneous IoT devices are used, collecting the logs for each IoT device is difficult. Due to these issues, when an IoT device is invaded or is engaged in malicious behavior, such as infection with malware, it is difficult to respond quickly, and additional damage may occur due to information leakage or stopping the IoT device. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose identifying the attack technique used for initial access to IoT devices through MITRE ATT&CK, collect the logs that can be generated from the identified attack technique, and use them to identify the cause of malware infection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1970

During the last 10 years of period, one hundred patients with various pulmonary diseases were pneumonectomized upon at the Department of Chest Surgery of Pusan University Hospital. This paper is concerned with the clnical results of these patients along with the serious postoperative complications such as postoperative intrapleural infection and hemorrhage. The results were obtained as follows. 1.Left pneumonectomy was done in sixty-six of 100 patients [66 %] and the right one was done in the rest thirty-four[34 %]. The ratio between left and right was nearly 2:1. 2.Of all oostoperative complications, the intrapleural infection was most common, and these were 53 % in empyema thoracis and 12.7 % in pulmonary tuberculosis respectively. 3.More postoperative complications could be seen after right pneumonectomy than the left one. 4.It was thought that the postoperative intrapleural infection was closely correlated with the methods of pleural dissection at pneumonectomy,postoperatlve tube drainage, time of operation, massive hemorrhage during operation, prolongation of bleeding time, and dysfunction of the liver. 5.The repeated thoracenteses with infusion of neomycin into the infected thoracic cavity and intravenous administrations of the high units of penicillin were effective in treatment of the postoperative intrapleural infection, however, the refractory cases have to be cured by thoracoplasty with open window. 6.Immediate secondary open thoracotomy appears to be the method of choice in life saving who developed massive intrathoracic hemorrhage after pneumonectomy. 7.The mortality rate was 10 % in our cases and the main causes of death were postoperative respiratory insufficiency, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage and sudden cardiac arrest.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2021

We report a case of a 69-year-old right-dominant man who had an open Monteggia-like lesion of the right elbow (Gustilo-Andersen IIIA) with severe proximal ulna bone loss associated with an ipsilateral ulnar shaft fracture due to a motorcycle accident. The patient underwent two-stage surgery. Wound debridement and bridging external fixation were performed at first. Three months later, a frozen massive osteochondral ulnar allograft was implanted and fixed with a locking compression plate. A superficial wound infection appeared 5 weeks after the second surgery. Superficial wound debridement, negative pressure therapy, and antibiotics were administered for 3 months, achieving infection healing. At 3 years post-surgery, the elbow range of motion was satisfactory with a Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score of 16.7. Radiographs and computed tomography scans showed good allograft-bone integration without allograft reabsorption or hardware loosening. Although not complication-free, massive ulna osteochondral allograft implantation can be considered a valid option in cases of open Monteggia-like lesions associated with ulnar shaft fracture and severe bone loss in active patients, whenever osteosynthesis or joint replacement is not a proper solution. This type of bone stock restoration allows for future surgery, if needed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.114-117
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• 2015

Deep infection of Achilles tendon is one of the serious complications that occur after open repair of the tendon. It sometimes leads to a very large tendon defect during the course of treatment. We report on a case of massive defect in Achilles tendon, which was successfully treated with Achilles tendon allograft and flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 1992

The second case of human infection with Mesccestoides Zineatus in Korea was reported. The patient, a farm worker, complained of abdominal pain and massive discharge of sesame-like proglottids in his stool for several months. Worms, recovered by chemotherapy with niclosamide, consisted of 32 strobilae. This may be the heaviest worm burden in human infection ever reported. The infected man habitually ate the raw viscera of chickens.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the results of arthroscopic bridging repair using a human dermis allograft in the treatment of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. Methods: From November 2009 to April 2011, 12 patients underwent arthroscopic bridging repair using a human dermis allograft in the treatment of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. Patients were followed for an average of 33.9 months. Clinical outcome was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using the mean University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score and the Korean Shoulder Scoring System (KSS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed postoperatively at an average of 6.5 months. Results: At a mean follow-up of 33.9 months (range, 25 to 42 months), 11 out of 12 patients were satisfied with their procedure. Patients showed significant improvement in their mean modified UCLA score from 15.9 preoperatively to 29.4 postoperatively (p=0.001). The mean KSS score improved from 45.6 preoperatively to 80.5 postoperatively (p=0.002). In MRI studies, 9 out of 12 patients had full incorporation of the graft into the native rotator cuff remnant. To date, there has been no intraoperative or postoperative complication from the graft procedure, such as infection or allograft rejection, in any patient. Conclusions: Arthroscopic bridging repair using a human dermis allograft can be considered as an option in treatment of select cases of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, resulting in high patient satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1013-1016
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• 1996

Since 1993, sudden and massive death has occurred among penaeid shrimp, Penaeus orientalis cultured in Korea. We investigated the pathological characterizations on the spontaneously and experimentally infected penaeid shrimp. The major gross findings of the spontaneous cases were 2-6mm sized-white spots on the inside of the carapace and reddish discolorization. Histopathologically, massive necrosis of lymphoid organ, degeneration and necrosis of epithelia of epidermis and foregut were observed in both spontaneous and experimental cases. Amphophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were readly observed epithelia of epidermis, foregut and gills. Electron microscopy revealed enveloped, non-occuluded ellipsoid to rod shaped virus particles, within the nucleus, in the lymphoid organs and interstitial cells of hepatopancreas of both spontaneously and experimentally infected shrimps. The size of the virion was $375{\times}167nm$, and the nucleocapsid was $290{\times}75nm$. The causative agent causing massive death in penaeid shrimps in Korea resembles baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) occurred in Taiwan in virus morphology and gross and histological changes of the shrimps.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.455-458
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• 2006

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is rare, but fatal infection of the nasal cavity and sinuses. It can spread to the orbits and cranium within days, and prognosis is directly associated with length of time before diagnosis and treatment. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis can cause cerebral infarction via carotid a artery occlusion. Therefore, neurosurgeon is paramount in making the proper management. We recently encountered a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis with massive cerebral infarction. The clinical and radiological details of this case are presented here with a brief review of the literature.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.128-140
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• 2001

Infection of pepper leaves by Colletotrichum cocodes at the two- and eight-leaf stages caused susceptible and resistant lesions 96 h after inoculation, respectively. At the two-leaf stage, progressive symptom development occurred on the infected leaves. In contrast, localized necrotic spots were characteristic symptoms at the eight-leaf stage. Infected leaves at the two-leaf stage exhibited cell death accompanied by the accumulation of autofluorescent compounds. At the eight-leaf stage, pepper leaves infected by the anthracnose fungus displayed localized autofluorescence from the symptoms. Infection of pepper leaves by C. cocodes at the two-leaf stage resulted in its rapidand massive colonization of all the leaf tissues including the vascular tissue, together with cytoplasmic collapse, distortion of chloroplasts, and disruption of host cell walls. However, penetration of C. cocodes was very limited in the older leaf tissues of pepper plants at the eight-leaf stage. Fungal hyphae grew only in the intramural spaces of the epidermal cell walls at this stage. Occlusion of amorphous material in xylem vessels, aggregation of fibrillar material in inter-cellular spaces, and deposition of protein bodies were found as resistance responses to C. cocodes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 1976

Implantation of a permanent pacemaker is a widely accepted procedure for the patient with complete heart block.As a result of these device, the prognosis for patients with Adams-Stokes syndrome caused by complete A-V block and other cardiac arrhythmia have become much more optimistic. Permanent pacemaker implantation by means of a transvenous approach has made the operative risk much less and the procedure simpler. However, a number of complications have been reported in the literature regarding transvenous endocardial pacemaker implantation during the last a decade. The patient presented in this paper is a 26-year old girl who was implanted with a permanent pacemaker at 14 years of age because of a congenital A-V block. Following first exchange of pulse generator, the electrode (lead) was fractured, so that by the pulse generator, a change to the transvenous technique of implantation was made, After this, there were episodes of recurrent wound infection on three occasions, even though the site of pulse generator implantation was exchanged to the contralateral side of chest wall, massive doses of antibiotics were administered and sensitivity tests for coagulase positive staphylococcal infection were performed. Though there was no definite evidence of blood stream infection by blood culture, we decided not to use the transvenous technique and not to implant the pulse generator in the chest wall because the venous system and the entire anterior chest wall appeared to be diseased or contaminated by virulent pyogenic organisms. Finally this intractable systemic and local wound infection was successfully controlled by myocardial lead implantation via a subxiphoid approach and implantation of the pulse generator far down in the abdominal wall. The causes and routes of recurrent wound infection and possible blood born infection in this particular patient are still obscure. We strongly believe that myocardial pacemaker implantation is much safer than transvenous endocardial pacemaker implantation & myocardial pacemaker implantation is a definite method for controlling such an intractable wound infection. following transvenous pacemaker implantation.