• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mass-law

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Evaluation of SPACE Code Prediction Capability for CEDM Nozzle Break Experiment with Safety Injection Failure (안전주입 실패를 동반한 제어봉구동장치 관통부 파단 사고 실험 기반 국내 안전해석코드 SPACE 예측 능력 평가)

  • Nam, Kyung Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.80-88
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    • 2022
  • The Korean nuclear industry had developed the SPACE (Safety and Performance Analysis Code for nuclear power plants) code, which adopts a two-fluid, three-field model that is comprised of gas, continuous liquid and droplet fields and has the capability to simulate three-dimensional models. According to the revised law by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) in Korea, the multiple failure accidents that must be considered for the accident management plan of a nuclear power plant was determined based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident. Generally, to improve the reliability of the calculation results of a safety analysis code, verification is required for the separate and integral effect experiments. Therefore, the goal of this work is to verify the calculation capability of the SPACE code for multiple failure accidents. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to simulate a Control Element Drive Mechanism (CEDM) break with a safety injection failure using the ATLAS test facility, which is operated by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). This experiment focused on the comparison between the experiment results and code calculation results to verify the performance of the SPACE code. The results of the overall system transient response using the SPACE code showed similar trends with the experimental results for parameters such as the system pressure, mass flow rate, and collapsed water level in component. In conclusion, it can be concluded that the SPACE code has sufficient capability to simulate a CEDM break with a safety injection failure accident.

Optimal pH Profile in Rifamycin B Fermentation (리파마이신B 발효생산의 최대화를 위한 pH변화의 최적화)

  • Lee, J.G.;Choi, C.Y.;Seong, B.L.;Han, M.H.
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.225-230
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    • 1981
  • The kinetic study of rifamycin B production in batch culture of Nocardia mediterranei was undertaken in part of our endeavor to optimize the fermentation condition. The growth parameters such as $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks values for nitrogen source were evaluated by employing Monod equation. From the experiments, $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks were 0.15hr$^{-1}$ and 8.35g/1, respectively. The growth kinetics in batch culture was found successfully interpreted by logistic law, i.e., the initial specific growth rate and the maximum cell mass concentration were determined as function of pH and both found to have maxima. For the production of rifamycin B, a non-growth associated production kinetics was employed and the specific productivity as a function of pH was found to have two maximum points. The yield coefficient and the specific productivity were calculated as mean values in production phase. Utilizing these experimental data as a function of pH, the optimal condition for the rifamycin B production was discussed with regad to the pH effect on the cell growth and production of the antibiotic. As a result, growth phase at pH 6.5 and production phase at pH 7.0 were found to be recommended.ded.

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Media Discourse on Asian Women's International Marriage: The Korean Case (아시아 여성의 국제결혼에 대한 미디어 담론: 한국 미디어의 재현방식을 통해)

  • Kim, Soo-Jung;Kim, Eun-Yi
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.43
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    • pp.385-426
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    • 2008
  • This paper focuses on how international marriages among Asians have been represented by the Korean media. Due to globalization, the so-called 'ethnoscape' has changed, and so ethnicity or racial identity within the boundaries of the nation-state changed. The recent diaspora of Asian women into Korea through international marriages has reflected how globalization has proceeded at a regional or local level. This paper attempts to analyze Koreanmedia discourses on the Asian female diaspora. This study analyzes what kind of generic forms TV dramas, other shows(TV reality programs, TV journalistic programs), movie and internet have employed to represent international marriages and how they have portrayed the subjectivities of the Asian female diaspora. This study discuss how this representation has been contested by the 'realities' of their international marriages. By examining how the Korean mainstream media have dealt with the conflicting issues of the Asian female diaspora, this paper intends to look critically at how local discursive practices have substantiated the changing ethnoscape. As a result of the study, this paper can find international marriages among Asians have been represented by Korean media still patriarchal system in male-oriented society. The otherness of Asian women justify the strong work of household affairs, and so justified life is standardized 'a kind of daughter- in-law', 'a complaisant daughter-in-law' in the process of migration. Also the otherness of Asian women standardized 'a victor' or 'a harmer' through international marriage of money that commercialized 'sexuality'. After all Korea media discourse on Asian women's international marriage, the gender issues on it have not been focused on a serious level.

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Multiple Binding Affinities for Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat Brain (흰쥐 뇌내(腦內)의 무수카린성 콜린 수용체의 이질성(異質性))

  • Lee, Jong-Hwa;El-Fakahany, Esam E.
    • The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.101-111
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    • 1987
  • We investigated the binding properties of $(^3H)$ QNB and $(^3H)$ NMS to mAchR to elucidate the characterstics of mAchR in rat brain by using two different preparations (homogemates & intact brain cell aggregates). The binding properties of both ligands demonstrated high affinity and saturability in both experiments, however $(^3H)$ QNB showed a significantly higher maximal binding capacity than tha ot $(^3H)$ NMS 1. In rat brain homogenates; Displacement of both lignands with several mAchR antagonists resulted in competition curves in accoradnce with the law of massaction for QNB, atropine & scopolamine in thie preparation, also a similar profile was found for the quaternary ammonium analogs of atropine & scopolamine (methyl atropine & methylscopolamine) when $(^3H)$ NMS was used to label the receptors in rat brain. But when these hydrophillic antagonists were used to displace $(^3H)$ QNB, they showed interaction with high- and low-affinity binding sites in brain homogenates. Pirenzepine, the nonclassical mAchR antagonist, was able to displace both ligands from binding sites in this preparation. 2. In intact rat brain cell aggregates; Intact bain cell aggregates were used to elucidate the binding characteristics of $(^3H)$ NMS to mAchR in rat. The magnitude of binding of this ligand was related linearly to the amount of cell protein in the binding assay with a high ratio of total to nonspecific binding. mAchR antagonists displaced specific $(^3H)$ NMS binding according to the law of mass-action, while it was possible to resolve displacement curves using mAchR agonist into high-& low-affinity component. 3. Our results indicate that more hydrophilic receptor ligand $(^3H)$ QNB, displacement experiments in both tissues demonstrated that the lipid solubility of a particulr mAchR ligand might play an important role in determining its profile of binding to the mAchR, and the concentrations of mAchR in rat brain are both on the cell surface (membrane-bound receptor) and in the intracelluar membrane (intermembrane-bound receptor). 4. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of dissociated intact rat brain cells in studying mAchR in central nervous system.

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The Facade Improvement of Complexed Commercial Building Considering Open Signboard - Focused on Commercial district in Chnagwon - (옥외광고물 설치를 고려한 복합상업건물 입면개선 - 창원시 일반상업지구를 중심으로 -)

  • Yu, Jin-Sang;Seo, You-Seok
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.20 no.3 s.71
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    • pp.191-202
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    • 2007
  • In these days, open signboard system is controlled by administrative policy and law, but there is no consideration for different types of building. As such, this study aims to propose planning criteria for streetside commercial buildings, such as elevation and mass design of buildings, layout of signboard attached to the building elevation with consideration for streetscape. In mass planning for streetside commercial buildings, the building type with front open space keeps lower open signboard density than the building type directly leading to the street. It is desirable that open signboard of lower floor part is attached by a horizontal type, open signboard of low medium floor part by a projected vertical type, open signboard of high medium floor part and roof part with a minumum attachment of open signboard. As for elevation planning relative to open signboard, it is desirable that an irregular wall type is more useful than a regular wall type to control open signboard. And in all cases, horizontal element facade has a handicap to control the quantity of signboard. If the building has a corner, the piloti should be used in the corner of lower story for smooth circulation of pedestrians and emphasizing the transparency of elevation. Specially, in the case of a round corner, the corner should be emphasized by the composition of high transparent mass.

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Comparative legal review between national R&D projects and defence R&D programs - A study on improvement of royalty system for the promotion of aircraft industry - (국가연구개발사업 및 국방연구개발사업 간 비교법적 검토 - 항공기산업 진흥을 위한 기술료 제도 개선에 관한 연구 -)

  • Lee, Hae-Jun;Kim, Sun-Ihee
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.153-180
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    • 2020
  • This study is meaningful in finding out what legal and policy issues need to be improved in order to foster the aircraft industry, which is relatively underdeveloped compared to the fact that some heavy industries, such as the automobile industry and shipbuilding industry, have achieved a high level of production and technology globally. Korea's aircraft industry has been growing at a slower pace than other industries, largely due to the country's economic growth and the lack of a market structure to properly use variables such as the level of development in related industries, aircraft technology and demand for aircraft manufacturing. While most industries are privately led by the market structure of the competition system, heavy industries such as the aircraft industry generally grow under the market structure of the incomplete competition system, because only by securing huge initial investment costs, high technology, and sufficient demand, they can maintain minimum economic feasibility. The Korean aircraft industry was focused on developing and mass-producing military aircraft focusing on military demand, but it sought to turn the tide by signing the BASA (Bileral Aviation Safety Agreement) with the U.S. A preliminary feasibility study was conducted in 2010 to develop next-generation medium-sized aircraft, but was cancelled due to differences in position with Canada's Bombardier, which is subject to the concourse, and Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) is pushing for the production of Bombardier's Q400 license on its own. Compared to the mid-to-large sized civil aircraft that are facing difficulties in development, KAI and KARI are successfully developing technologies to unmanned aerial vehicles and civil helicopters. In addition, the unmanned aerial vehicle sector is not yet suitable for manufacturers that have an exclusive global influence, so we believe that it is necessary to pursue government-led research and development projects with a focus on the areas of commercial helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles in order to foster the aircraft industry in the future. In addition, since military aircraft such as KT-1 and T-50 are currently being exported smoothly, and it cannot be overlooked that the biggest demand for aircraft manufacturing in the Korea is the military, it is necessary to push forward national R&D projects and defense R&D program simultaneously to enable both civilian-military development. However, there are many differences between the two projects in the way they are implemented, the department in charge and the royalty system. Through this study, we learned about the technology ownership and implementation rights of national R&D projects and defense R&D programs, as well as the royalty system. In addition, problems with the system were identified and improvement measures were derived.

Usefulness of Data Mining in Criminal Investigation (데이터 마이닝의 범죄수사 적용 가능성)

  • Kim, Joon-Woo;Sohn, Joong-Kweon;Lee, Sang-Han
    • Journal of forensic and investigative science
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.5-19
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    • 2006
  • Data mining is an information extraction activity to discover hidden facts contained in databases. Using a combination of machine learning, statistical analysis, modeling techniques and database technology, data mining finds patterns and subtle relationships in data and infers rules that allow the prediction of future results. Typical applications include market segmentation, customer profiling, fraud detection, evaluation of retail promotions, and credit risk analysis. Law enforcement agencies deal with mass data to investigate the crime and its amount is increasing due to the development of processing the data by using computer. Now new challenge to discover knowledge in that data is confronted to us. It can be applied in criminal investigation to find offenders by analysis of complex and relational data structures and free texts using their criminal records or statement texts. This study was aimed to evaluate possibile application of data mining and its limitation in practical criminal investigation. Clustering of the criminal cases will be possible in habitual crimes such as fraud and burglary when using data mining to identify the crime pattern. Neural network modelling, one of tools in data mining, can be applied to differentiating suspect's photograph or handwriting with that of convict or criminal profiling. A case study of in practical insurance fraud showed that data mining was useful in organized crimes such as gang, terrorism and money laundering. But the products of data mining in criminal investigation should be cautious for evaluating because data mining just offer a clue instead of conclusion. The legal regulation is needed to control the abuse of law enforcement agencies and to protect personal privacy or human rights.

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Understanding the Watchdog Concept in South Korea: Focused on the Media as Watchdog (언론의 파수견 개념의 발전과 적용: 한국 판례분석을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jae-Jin
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.41
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    • pp.108-144
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    • 2008
  • This study examines how the watchdog concert in journalism field has been created and develope4 Related studies found that the watchdog is related not so muck with free press theory as with a privilege awarded to the press because the press serves for the public interests. It was found that in the U.S., the watchdog concept was derived from the a lot of libel cases in the late 1890s. At the time, the newspaper owners and editors continuously claimed the very protection over vulnerability of newspaper's collecting, reporting, and printing news. While, in Korea, the concept of watchdog emerged in the late 1990s after the establishment of the Constitution Court. Even though the watchdog concert was accepted very late by the Korean courts, it is believed to be a kind of special privilege to prevent the press from being recklessly regulated in libel cases. Rather, the Korean courts expand the extent of the role of the press as a watchdog by deciding that not only the public officials and politicians but also other socially influential public figures could be included in the criticism from the press. However, how these court decisions can be practically implemented depends upon how the court apply the probability of the press to believe the news true and intention of malice in writing and publishing the stories.

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Development and Validation of Urea- SCR Control-Oriented Model for NOX and NH3 Slip Reduction (NOX 및 NH3 Slip 저감을 위한 Urea-SCR 제어기반 모델 개발 및 검증)

  • Lee, Seung Geun;Lee, Seang Wock;Kang, Yeonsik
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2015
  • To satisfy stricter $NO_X$ emission regulations for light- and heavy-duty diesel vehicles, a control algorithm needs to be developed based on a selective catalytic reaction (SCR) dynamics model for chemical reactions. This paper presents the development and validation of a SCR dynamics model through test rig experiments and MATLAB simulations. A nonlinear state space model is proposed based on the mass conservation law of chemical reactions in the SCR dynamics model. Experiments were performed on a test rig to evaluate the effects of the $NO_X$ and $NH_3$ concentrations, gas temperature, and space velocity on the $NO_X$ conversion efficiency for the urea-SCR system. The parameter values of the proposed SCR model were identified using the experimental datasets. Finally, a control-oriented model for an SCR system was developed and validated from the experimental data in a MATLAB simulation. The results of this study should contribute toward developing a closed-loop control strategy for $NO_X$ and $NH_3$ slip reduction in the urea-SCR system for an actual engine test bench.

The Study on Woman's Health Problem in the View of Battering, Sexual Violence and Divorce (구타, 성폭력, 이혼을 중심으로 본 여성건강 문제에 관한 고찰)

  • Choi, Euy-Soon;Koh, Muyng-Suk;Hee, Eyu-Eun;Kil, Suk-Young
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.106-124
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    • 1996
  • This paper reviews battering, sexual violence and divorce experienced among women. There three problems have negative influence on health status in women and are further developed to social problems such as family dissolution. The victims of the problems may manifest physical injury, emotional difficulties and social withdrawl, while their children may show problems caused by lack of parental caring and by resembling abusive behaviors of their parents. Hence, nurses need to pay attention to batting, sexual violence, and divorce and to develop relevant nursing interventions for them. Some strategies of dealing with those problems are presented in the following. First, we have to eliminate sexism prevailing in out society. Our society is assigning inequal and asymmetrical gender role. Mass media should inspire equality between genders and show a healthy model of family and community. Second, social system and laws should be changed through collective efforts. Those living conditions of women cannot be changed by the effort of women themselves only. We all need to work for establishing and changing the law, so that those women in suffering can obtain immediate and adequate protection. Third, social support system of consulting and referring women's problems should be established. Such support system as hot line, shelter and counseling clinics would help women in crisis. Fourth, job training and arrangement should be available to women who are divorced. Fifth, there should be self-help group for those women in suffering. Self-help group would help those women in sharing their problems and feelings and in establishing coping strategies. Nurses, as the largest group among health professionals, are sensitive and respond to health needs of clients and have an effect on managing women's health. However, we nurses have not been ready for dealing with problems of women, although most of us are women. we not need to change our perspective of women's health problems from a traditional medical perspective to feministic one. Accordingly, nurses need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering and to assist them in making decisions for their lives by themselves.

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