• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1986

The Wielen dip over the ragne of 6 < $M_{\upsilon}$ < 9 in the luminosity function (LF) for the solar neighborhood stars could be explained by the combination of two different IMFs which yields the age of 13 billion years of the solar neighborhood. This smaller age than the Galactic age, 15 billion years indicates the slow collapse model of the Galaxy, solving the G-dwarf problem. Two different IMFs suggest two different mechanisms for star formation in the solar neighborhood.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 1997

Steady-state I-V characteristics of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is calculated by numerical analysis using quantum liouville equation based on wigner function which is derived from density operator. Modifications to the conventional discrete model are made to calculate more accurate quantum correlations. It is pointed out that we must include inelastic processes and the resistivity of the contacting layers to get a much more credible potential which can be theoretically obtained from the simple screening theory. The effects of spatially-varying effective mass is also checked briefly.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.493-504
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• 2020

Background: There have been many studies on the associations between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function. However, no study has ever compared the associations across the methods of categorizing BMI. In this study, we aimed to fill the gap in the previous studies and examine whether the obesity paradox is valid in the risk of cognitive function. Methods: Of the 10,254 people aged 45 and older from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2016, 8,970 people were finalized as the study population. The dependent variable was whether a person has a normal cognitive function or not, and the independent variables of interest were BMI categorized by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office (WHO-WPRO) method, the WHO method, and a 10-group method. Covariates included sociodemographic factors, health behavior factors, and health status factors. A generalized linear mixed model analysis with a logit link was used. Results: In the adjusted model with all covariates, first, in the case of BMI categories of the WHO-WPRO method, underweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.17), overweight (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.35-1.36), and obese (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.33-1.34) groups were more likely to have a normal cognitive function than a normal-weight group. Next, in the case of BMI categories of the WHO method, compared to a normal-weight group, underweight (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.14-1.16) and overweight (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.06-1.07) groups were more likely to have a normal cognitive function; however, obese (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.61-0.63) group was less likely to have it. Lastly, in the case of the 10-group method, as BMI increased, the likelihood to have a normal cognitive function changed like a wave, reaching a global top at group-7 (26.5 kg/㎡ ≤ BMI <28.0 kg/㎡). Conclusion: The associations between BMI and cognitive function differed according to how BMI was categorized among people aged 45 and older in Korea, which suggests that cognitive function may be positively associated with BMI in some categories of BMI but negatively in its other categories. Health policies to reduce cognitive impairment need to consider this association between BMI and cognitive function.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.425-436
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• 2017

Vibration control using a tuned mass damper (TMD) is an effective technique that has been verified using analytical methods and experiments. It has been applied in mechanical, automotive, and structural applications. However, the damping of a TMD cannot be adjusted in real time. An excessive mass damper stroke may be introduced when the mass damper is subjected to a seismic excitation whose frequency content is within its operation range. The semi-active tuned mass damper (SATMD) has been proposed to solve this problem. The parameters of an SATMD can be adjusted in real time based on the measured structural responses and an appropriate control law. In this study, a stiffness-controllable TMD, called a leverage-type stiffness-controllable mass damper (LSCMD), is proposed and fabricated to verify its feasibility. The LSCMD contains a simple leverage mechanism and its stiffness can be altered by adjusting the pivot position. To determine the pivot position of the LSCMD in real time, a discrete-time direct output-feedback active control law that considers delay time is implemented. Moreover, an identification test for the transfer function of the pivot driving and control systems is proposed. The identification results demonstrate the target displacement can be achieved by the pivot displacement in 0-2 Hz range and the control delay time is about 0.1 s. A shaking-table test has been conducted to verify the theory and feasibility of the LSCMD. The comparisons of experimental and theoretical results of the LSCMD system show good consistency. It is shown that dynamic behavior of the LSCMD can be simulated correctly by the theoretical model and that the stiffness can be properly adjusted by the pivot position. Comparisons of experimental results of the LSCMD and passive TMD show the LSCMD with less demand on the mass damper stroke than that for the passive TMD.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2018

We present our observational attempts to precisely measure the central mass of a proto-brown dwarf candidate, L328-IRS, in order to investigate whether L328-IRS is in the substellar mass regime. Observations were made for the central region of L328-IRS with the dust continuum and CO isotopologue line emission at ALMA band 6, discovering the detailed outflow activities and a deconvolved disk structure of a size of ${\sim}87AU{\times}{\sim}37AU$. We investigated the rotational velocities as a function of the disk radius, finding that its motions between 130 AU and 60 AU are partially fitted with a Keplerian orbit by a stellar object of ${\sim}0.30M_{\odot}$, while the motions within 60 AU do not follow any Keplerian orbit at all. This makes it difficult to lead a reliable estimation of the mass of L328-IRS. Nonetheless, our ALMA observations were useful enough to well constrain the inclination angle of the outflow cavity of L328-IRS as ${\sim}66^{\circ}$ degree, enabling us to better determine the mass accretion rate of ${\sim}8.9{\times}10^{-7}M_{\odot}yr-1$.From assumptions that the internal luminosity of L328-IRS is mostly due to this mass accretion process in the disk, or that L328-IRS has mostly accumulated the mass through this constant accretion rate during its outflow activity, its mass was estimated to be ${\sim}0.012-0.023M_{\odot}$, suggesting L328-IRS to be a substellar object. However, we leave our identification of L328-IRS as a proto-brown dwarf to be tentative because of various uncertainties especially regarding the mass accretion rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

A study to determine the optimal jet conditions for maximizing altitude of the sounding rocket is conducted. The behavior of a simplified one-dimensional momentum equation including aerodynamic drag is investigated. The case where an analytic solution exists and the case where the mass flow rate is constant are calculated. The solutions are compared with numerical solutions. It is shown that there are the optimal jet conditions for maximizing altitude of a sounding rocket and the optimal condition is a function of the rocket mass ratio.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.51-67
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• 1984

The well observed 8 open clusters, NGC 6530, 2264, 654, 129, 2168, Pleiades, Praesepe and Hyades were selected on the basis of photometric observation and proper motion study. The luminosity functions (LF) and mass functions (MF) of these clusters are different with cluster age and they could be divided into three age groups (t<$10^7$ yrs, $10^7$$10^8$ yrs, $10^8$$10^9$ yrs). From these LF's and MF's, the mean LF and MF of the open clusters are derived and these functions suggest the time-dependent initial mass function (IMF) and the variation of observed MF with cluster age.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1997

It is necessary to study on thermo-hydro-mechanical effect at rock mass performing project such as radiowaste disposal in deep rock mass. In this study, thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling analysis which is considered interaction and the variation of rock properties induced by temperature increase was performed for the circular shaft when appling temperature of 20$0^{\circ}C$ at the shaft wall. The shaft is diameter of 2 m and under hydrostatic stress of 5 MPa. In the cases, thermal expansion by temperature increase progress from the wall to outward and thermal expansion could induce tensile stress over the tensile strength of rock mass at the wall. When rock properties were given as a function of temperature, thermal expansion increased, tensile stress zone expanded. Lately, water flow is activated by increase of permeability and decrease of viscosity.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.791-801
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• 2000

An experimental study was conducted to analyze the effects of oil on refrigerant flow through adiabatic capillary tubes, and to develop a model for mass flow rates of refrigerant/oil mixture at various capillary tubes and flow conditions. Mass flow rates and the profiles of the pressures and temperatures along the capillary tubes was obtained with the oil concentration of R-22/SUNISO 4GS oil mixture at various test conditions. The flow trends as a function of geometry and flow conditions for pure refrigerant and refrigerant/oil mixture were similar in adiabatic capillary tubes. Mass flow rate of the refrigerant/oil mixture was less than that of pure refrigerant at the same test conditions.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.28.1-28.1
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• 2015

Open clusters are one of stellar systems consisting of a few hundreds to thousands of stars. The cluster members are, in general, believed to be a coeval stellar population at the same distance, and therefore they have almost the same properties in chemical composition and kinematics. Owing to these advantages, the clusters are utilized in many astronomy studies, such as the calibrations of distance and stellar age scales, assessments of stellar evolution theories, and the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk. Young open clusters are, inter alia, superb objects to study star formation process as most of stars are known to be formed in clusters. In this talk, I will review the uses of these young open clusters in star formation studies based on the ongoing work of our research group on the stellar initial mass function, an age spread problem, mass accretion rate of pre-main sequence stars, and a feedback of high-mass stars on surroundings.