• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.125-142
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• 1999

The increased investment in technological innovations makes the investigation of factors affecting technology adoption more interesting. Several perspectives have been proposed to explain the determinants of information technology adoption. While the traditional innovation diffusion research streams try to explain and predict adoption behavior with the adopter's perceptions about the characteristics of the innovation itself, critical mass theorists argue that adoption behavior as a collective action is based on what their business partners are doing and whether there exists enough critical mass to justify the investment. Drawing on theses two perspectives, this study investigates the decision criteria in the adoption of information technology as innovation and factors affecting the decision criteria. The survey results reveal that the adoption behavior is affected both by innovation characteristics and by critical mass's activity. Correlation analysis, t-test, and stepwise regression models also show that as the environmental uncertainty is getting higher, adoption decision is affected more by what others are doing, and that highly competitive organizations seem to play the role of critical mass.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2004

An accumulator in hydraulic systems stores kinetic energy during braking action, and then that controls hasty surge pressure. An energy recovery system using accumulator seems to be advantageous for ERBS due to its high energy density. This study suggests a method to decide suitable accumulator volume for ERBS. The method is based upon energy conservation between kinetic energy of moving inertia and elastic energy of accumulator. The energy conversion was analyzed and a simple formula was derived. Also accumulator tests were conducted for different load mass and motor speed. A series of test work were carried out in the laboratory and the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic motor system, such as the surge pressure and response time, were investigated in both brake action and acceleration action and these results show that the proposed design is effective for decision accumulator volume in ERBS.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.313-318
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• 1996

This paper deals with the dynamic behavior of elastic columns under the action of subtangential forces. The above subtangential force can be-realized by the combination force between the dead load of thetip mass and the pure follower thrust. The tip mass is assumed to be a rigid body not a mass point as it has been assumed so for. The equations of motion are formulated based on extended Hamilton's principle and the finite element method. It is shown that nonconservativeness of the applied force has greatly effect on the instability type. It is found that the critical subtangential force can also be changed by consideration of the tip mass parameters taking into account of its magnitude, rotary inertia and size. The influence of the self-weight of the column on the change of the critical force is also investigated.

• 게임&엔터테인먼트 논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

스쿼시와 스트레치 원칙은 애니메이션 동작을 위한 필수적인 원칙으로 작용한다. 이 원칙의 적용은 캐릭터에게 무게와 부피의 허상을 제공하며, 애니메이션 동작의 뻣뻣함과 딱딱함을 벗어나, 부드럽고 유연한 동작이 되게 하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 애니메이션에서 인물이나 사물의 동작표현을 실제 세계와 같이 표현하게 되면, 부자연스럽게 보인다. 스쿼시와 스트레치가 없는 어떤 동작이든 딱딱하고 흥미가 없고, 살아있지 않은 것으로 보일 것이다. 이것은 질량, 부피, 중력의 기본 법칙과 함께, 모든 사물의 움직임, 캐릭터의 동작, 대사, 얼굴표정 등에 모두 적용될 수 있다. 이 원칙이 없이는 어느 동작도 잘 표현되지 않을 것이다. 좋은 애니메이션 동작이 되려면, 이것은 2D 애니메이션에서 만이 아니라, 3D애니메이션에서도 깊이 적용되어야 한다. 따라서, 스쿼시와 스트레치 원칙의 체계적인 분석이 요구된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle for the management of metabolic syndrome and to assess its effectiveness in the workplace. Methods: The metabolic syndrome management program applying participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle is constructed action checklist, Group discussion, self-creation of an action plan, after 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, the practice carried out check up and encourage practice activity. Results: The seventy-seven workers who participated in the metabolic syndrome management program made a total of 246 action plans, 3.8 action plans per person and 234 action plans were achieved after one year, so that 81.0% of action plans have been achieved. After 1 year, in the intervention group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), the risk factors score decreased statistically significant, and metabolic syndrome prevalence decreased 54.8%. whereas the control group also showed a significant decreased in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the risk factors score. but, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly increased. Conclusions: To improve the effectiveness of metabolic syndrome management program applying participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle, the need to continues implementing programs and analysis of the long-term effects are required. Participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle can applying without cost and time, the human burden for the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2023

There are many joint fissures distributed in the engineering rock mass. In the process of geological history, the underground rock mass undergoes strong geological processes, and undergoes complex geological processes such as fracture breeding, expansion, recementation, and re-expansion. In this paper, the damage-stick-slip process (DSSP), an analysis model used for rock mass failure slip, was established to examine the master control and time-dependent mechanical properties of the new and primary fractures of a multi-fractured rock mass under the action of stress loading. The experimental system for the recemented multi-fractured rock mass was developed to validate the above theory. First, a rock mass failure test was conducted. Then, the failure stress state was kept constant, and the fractured rock mass was grouted and cemented. A secondary loading was applied until the grouted mass reached the intended strength to investigate the bearing capacity of the recemented multi-fractured rock mass, and an acoustic emission (AE) system was used to monitor AE events and the update of damage energy. The results show that the initial fracture angle and direction had a significant effect on the re-failure process of the cement rock mass; Compared with the monitoring results of the acoustic emission (AE) measurements, the master control surface, key blocks and other control factors in the multi-fractured rock mass were obtained; The triangular shaped block in rock mass plays an important role in the stress and displacement change of multi-fracture rock mass and the long fissure and the fractures with close fracture tip are easier to activate, and the position where the longer fractures intersect with the smaller fractures is easier to generate new fractures. The results are of great significance to a multi-block structure, which affects the safety of underground coal mining.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 반도체재료
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• pp.17-21
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• 2001

We proposed that concentrations of cartier electron as well as ionized donor defects in nonstoichiometric ZnO are proportional to $P^{-1/2}_{O_2}$, whenever they ionizes singly or doubly, by employing the Fermi-Dirac (FD) statistics for ionization of the native thermal defects $Zn_i$ and $V_o$. The effect of acceptor defect, zinc vacancy $V_{Zn}$made by the Frenkel and Schottky disorder reactions, on carrier concentrations was discussed. By application of the FD statistics law to their ionization while the formation of defects is assumed governed by the mass-action law, the calculation results indicate; 1. ZnO shows n-type conductivity with $N_D>$N_A$ and majority concentration of $n{\propto}\;P^{-1/2}_{O_2}$ in a range of $P_{O_2}$, lower than a critical value. 2. As the concentration of acceptor $V_{Zn}$ increases proportional to $P^{1/2}_{O_{2}}$, ZnO made at extremely high $P_{O_{2}}$, can have p-type conductivity with majority concentration of p ${\propto}\;P^{-1/2}_{O_{2}}$. One may not, however, obtain p-type ZnO if the pressure for $N_{D}<$N_{A}$ is too high.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 영호남학술대회 논문집
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• pp.222-232
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• 2000

The relationship between carrier electron concentration(n) and atmosphere oxygen partial pressure($P_{O_2}$ for pure ZnO calculated by the mass-action law, well-known as n ${\propto}P^{-1/m}_{O_2}$ where m = 4 or 6 for the single or the double ionization of the native donor defects due to its nonstoichiometry, respectively, is found in competition with the calculation result on the basis that the total defect concentration is the sum of those of unionized and ionized defects. Definitively, it is found inconsistent with the calculation result by employing the Fermi-Dirac(FD) statistics for their ionization processes. By application of the FD statistics law to the ionization while assuming the defect formation is still ruled by the mass-action law, the calculation results shows the concentration is proportional to $P^{-1/2}_{O_2}$ whenever they ionize singly and/or doubly. Conclusively we would like to propose the new theoretical relation n ${\propto}P^{-1/m}_{O_2}$ because the ionization processes of donors in ZnO should be treated with the electronoccupation probability at localized quantum states in its forbidden band created by the donor defects, i.e. the FD statistics

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the effects of education from using cellular phones and a short messaging service. Methods: Collected data included baseline demographics, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, body mass index and health behavior index (Dietary Practice Guidelines Score, Physical Activity, Drinking frequency, Stress score, Subjective health status, and Action change stage score). Data were collected at public health centers in Chungcheongnam-do from January to December, 2011. Data obtained from Individual health counseling Programs in Chungcheongnam-do. Analysis was divided into health risk group and Disease management group, using a paired t test. Results: Following the education of using short messaging service of cellular phones Health risk group was a reduction in the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference. Disease management group was a reduction in the systolic blood pressure and body mass index. In both groups, there were improvement in the Health behavior index; dietary practice guidelines score, physical activity, stress score, subjective health status and action change stage scores. Conclusion: These results indicated that education using short messaging service of cellular phone for Community was effective in improving health behaviors and status. By applying the results, development of customized teaching messages for stable settlement is required.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.520-524
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• 2000

A ejector system is one of the fluid machinery, which has been mainly used as an exhaust pump or a vacuum pump. The ejector system has often been pointed out to have only a limited efficiency because it is driven by pure shear action and the mixing action between primary and secondary streams. In the present work, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of the geometry and the mass flow ratio of supersonic ejector-diffuser systems on their mixing performance. A fully implicit finite volume scheme was applied to solve the axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations, and the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model was used to close the governing equations. The flow fields of the supersonic ejector-diffuser systems were investigated by changing the ejector throat area ratio and the mass flow ratio. The existence of the second throat strongly affected the shock wave structure inside the mixing tube as well as the spreading of the under-expanded jet discharging from the primary nozzle, and served to enhance the mixing performance.