• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.737-742
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• 2013

Recently, unmanned aircrafts for safe measurement in hazardous locations have been developed. In a method of operation of unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV), there are two methods of manual control and automatic control. Small UAVs are used for low altitude surveillance flights where unknown obstacles can be encountered. Obstacle avoidance is one of the most challenging tasks which the UAV has to perform with high level of accuracy. In this study, we used a laser range finder as an obstacle detector in automatic navigation of unmanned aircraft to patrol the destination automatically. We proposed a system to avoid obstacles automatically by measuring the angle and distance of the obstacle using the laser range finder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 2015

This paper focuses on analyzing the modern warfare and weapon systems supported by improved GPS informations. The GPS capability was investigated through the real experimental test for verifying the most recent GPS features under its modernization processing. And then it was verified that such capabilities, accuracy and availability, of a typical L1, C/A code GPS receiver are equivalent to the military receiver's ones. It was also sure that the influence of GPS improved informations on NCW(Network-Centric Warfare), PGM(Precision Guided Munition) and C4SIR(Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) should be increased and the modern warfare may be strongly dependent on GNSS informations.

• Strategy21
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• s.34
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• pp.178-206
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• 2014

The battlefield environment in the maritime has been changed by advanced IT technology, variation of naval warfare condition, and developed military science and technology. In addition, state-of-the-art surface combatants has become to multi-purpose battleship that is heavily armed in order to meet actively in composed future sea battlefield condition and perform multi-purpose missions as well as having capability of strategic strike. To maximize the combat strength and survivability of ship, it is not only possible for Zumwalt(DDG-1000) class combatant to conduct multi-purpose mission with advanced weapon system installation, innovative hull form and upper structure such as deckhouse, shipboard high-powered sensor, total ship computing environment, and integrated power control but it was designed so that can be installed with energy based weapon systems in immediate future. Zumwalt class combatant has been set a high value with enormous threatening surface battleship in the present, it seems to be expected that this ship will be restraint means during operation in the littoral. The advent of Zumwalt class battleship in the US Navy can be constructed as a powerful intention of naval strength building for preparing future warfare. It is required surface ship that can be perform multi-purpose mission when the trend of constructed surface combatants was analyzed. In addition, shipboard system has been continuously modernized to keep the optimized ship and maximize the survivability with high-powered detection and surveillance sensor as well as modularity of combat system to efficient operation.

• Strategy21
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• s.32
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• pp.97-122
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• 2013

The basic stance of the Republic of Korea Ministry of Foreign Affairs was 'quiet diplomacy'. However, there had been demands for specific plans for practical protection of Dokdo. In 2011, Prime Minister Kim Hwang Sik mentioned that they are reviewing measures of stationing marines on Dokdo, while on August 10th, 2012, former president Lee Myung Bak visited Dokdo. The visit itself was meaningful as he was the first supreme commander to visit Dokdo. This paper studies on the necessity of naval power on Dokdo to maintain its effective control. The effective control must be done by a national organization in a peaceful and unimpaired method. If so, can stationing naval power, whether directly or indirectly, on Dokdo be considered a violation of 'peaceful' method? A 'peaceful' effective of control meas the right of sovereignty over a territory without other country's protest. In such terms, protecting a territory falls under practicing the right of sovereignty, and therefore does not violate 'peaceful'. In addition, looking at international cases such as Ligitan/Sipadan Case and Pedra Blanca Case, evidences such as 'navy activity', 'flyng ensign', and 'military communication facility installation' was used. In ter case of Yemen-Eritrea dispute over Hanish, methods on effective control over island and sea was also ruled by the installation of military posts and military surveillance activities. Thus, stationing naval power on Dokdo can be a way of maintaining effective control per international law. To station naval poer on Dokdo, Presidential Instruction 24 integrated Defense Guideline Enforcement Ordinance, which is domestic law, must be revised. Reason being, the Enforcement Ordinance states that the navy area of responsibility excluded Ullundo, where Dokdo is under jurisdiction of Ullungdim thus excluding navy control. In addition, considering the diplomatic situation, it is more fut to install navy radar site on Dokdo rather than 'stationing marines'. In other words, enforcing surveillance in the vicinity of Dokdo and installing radar site instead of stationing direct combatants is one way of practicing effective control without stimulating diplomatic disputes.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_2
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• pp.365-377
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• 2020

Continuous monitoring and immediate response is essential to protect the national maritime territory and maritime resources from the activities of illegal ships. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images with a wide range of images are effective for maritime surveillance asthe weather and day-night conditions rarely affect to image acquisition. However, an effective ship detection is not easy due to the huge data size of SAR images and various characteristics such as the speckle noise. In this study, the Human Visual Attention System (HVAS) algorithm was applied to KOMPSAT-5 to extract the initial targets, and the SAR-Split algorithm depending on the imaging modes was used to remove false alarms. The detected targets were finally selected by the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm and matched with the ship's Automatic Identification System (AIS) information. Overall, the detected targets were well matched with AIS data, but some false alarms by ship wakes were observed. The detection rate was about 80% in ES mode and about 64% in ST mode. It is expected that the developed ship detection algorithm will contribute to the construction of a wide area maritime surveillance network.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

A concept of the "e-Navigation" was introduced in 2005 and implementation strategies are under way by IMO/IALA in the maritime safety area. Specially VTS is an important maritime traffic monitoring and aids to navigation system which is aims to improve safety, navigation efficiency and protect the marine environment. The demand of the inter-VTS networking has been increased and standardization is underway for realization of shore side collaboration for maritime safety in IALA. But there may be security problems in the inter-VTS networks if they have not proper security mechanism. The hacking of realtime ship position and sensitive maritime surveillance information caused a critical accident of vessel, human life and environment by terrorist. This paper aims to design of a secure inter-VTS network structure and related security protocol for secure sharing of sensitive maritime data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.227-232
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• 2006

In this paper, a Kalman filter application for GDSS(Group Digital Surveillance System) developed to protect an aquaculture farms is discussed GDSS is composed by a WIWAS(Watching, Identification, Warning, and Action System) and a FDS(Fishery Detection System) that will monitor incoming and outgoing vessels in the aquaculture farms. In the FDS, a tracking function to track vessels without F-AIS(Fishery Automatic Identification System) is needed and the Kalman filter is applied to track vessels around the aquaculture farms. Some simulation results for the multi-objects with white noise is presented and the adaptation possibility for tracking system is discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.2019-2029
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• 2009

There are several MCS(Monitoring, Control and Surveillance) systems for maritime safety and security in Korea; VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) that based on the AIS(Automatic Identification System), and the LRIT(Long-Range Identification and Tracking), the Vessel Free Pass System that based on the RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification), the Fisheries Information Network that provided by the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. This paper surveys the fundamental technologies of MCS systems, and compares the role and function of them. It also surveys the development direction of each systems and research topics for cooperation of them.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.447-452
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• 2013

Vessel traffic system uses multiple sea surveillance radars as a primary sensor to obtain maritime traffic information like as ship's position, speed, course. The systematic errors such as the range bias and the azimuth bias of the two-dimensional radar system can significantly degrade the accuracy of the radar image and target tracking information. Therefore, the systematic errors of the radar system should be corrected precisely in order to provide the accurate target information in the vessel traffic system. In this paper, it is proposed that the method compensates the range bias and the azimuth bias using AtoN information installed at VTS coverage. The radar measurement residual error model is derived from the standard error model of two-dimensional radar measurements and the position information of AtoN, and then the linear Kalman filter is designed for estimation of the systematic errors of the radar system. The proposed method is validated via Monte-Carlo runs. Also, the convergence characteristics of the designed filter and the accuracy of the systematic error estimates according to the number of AtoN information are analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study focuses on a ship detection and tracking method using Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar used for horizontal surveillance. In general, FMCW radar can play an important role in maritime surveillance, because it has many advantages such as low warm-up time, low power consumption, and its all weather performance. In this paper, we introduce an effective method for data and signal processing of ship's detecting and tracking using the X-band radar. Ships information was extracted using an image-based processing method such as the land masking and morphological filtering with a threshold for a cycle data merged from raw data (spoke data). After that, ships was tracked using search-window that is ship's expected rectangle area in the next frame considering expected maximum speed (19 kts) and interval time (5 sec). By using this method, the tracking results for most of the moving object tracking was successful and those results were compared with AIS (Automatic Identification System) for ships position. Therefore, it can be said that the practical application of this detection and tracking method using FMCW radar improve the maritime safety as well as expand the surveillance coverage cost-effectively. Algorithm improvements are required for an enhancement of small ship detection and tracking technique in the future.