• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.92-93
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• 2005

A contract for the shipbuilding is usually a complicated and involves statement of rights, obligations and responsibilities which each party agrees vis-a vis the other. The ultimate purpose of the contract is the sale and transfer of the finished ship by the builder to the buyer. Contracts for the construction and sale of ships are categorized as contracts for the sale of goods under English, United States, Germany and some countries law. On the other hand, The shipbuilding contract may be classified, not as a contract of sale but as a contract for work and materials under Korea, Japan and some countries law. Especially, most of countries are now well settled with regard to liability of a manufacturer in tort for physical injury and on the other for pure economic loss to remote owners of chattels. Where there is either a breach of contractual warranty or an implied warranty, there may be admiralty jurisdiction, depending once again on the situs of the event and its relationship to traditional maritime activity. Contract principles will be applied to the first type of warranty and tort principles will be applied to the second. First of all, this thesis is dealt with the contents of contract under English Law. Secondly, this thesis is analysed into the liability of shipbuilder in Products Liability under English, American and Korean Law comparisons. In conclusion, the author tries to give some suggestions as countermeasures of Products Liability to the shipbuilder in Korea.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2014

The Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fisheries Product, which specifies rules and regulations on the trading system of fishery products wholesales markets, has been revised several times, mainly in order to improve the trading system. However, there is still a huge gap between the reality and law when it comes to the trading system of the fishery products wholesale market. This study aims to analyze the problems of the trading system of the fishery products wholesale market and to suggest ways to make improvement. The main problem facing the trading system of the fishery products wholesale market is sales on consignment by intermediate wholesalers, and this paper suggests two alternatives to solve the problem. First, intermediate wholesaler can be converted to market wholesalers, but it also entails other problems. The market wholesaler system has never been successfully adopted in the agricultural and fishery products wholesale market, and it is not clear which system is better between the wholesale market corporation and the market wholesaler system. Second, sales on consignment by intermediate wholesalers can be adopted with a positive view toward it. Negotiation transaction can be carried out for sales on consignment as a transaction method under the current Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fisheries Products. However, since the act cannot provide a solution for listing, it is necessary to introduce Japan's negotiated transaction in advance system as a negotiation transaction method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.780-787
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• 2019

As a carbon-free, green growth alternative, internal and external interest in hydrogen energy and technology is growing. Hydrogen was added to co-axial methane, methane-propane, and methane-propane-ethane diffusion flames, which are the main ingredients of LNG, to evaluate its effect on flame formation and combustion products. The variation in combustion products produced by adding hydrogen gradually to diffusion pyrolysis at room temperature and normal pressure conditions was observed experimentally by using a gas analyzer, and the shape of diffusion pyrolysis was observed step by step using a digital camera. The experimental results showed that the production volume of nitrogen oxides tended to increase and became close to linear as hydrogen was added to the diffusion pyrotechnic. This is because the relatively high temperature of heat insulation and fast combustion speed of hydrogen facilitated the production of thermal NOx. On the other hand, CO2 production tended to decrease as hydrogen was added to reduce the overall carbon ratio contained in the mixed diffusion flame of methane, methane-propane, and methane-ethane-propane. This means that the mixed fuel use of LNG-hydrogen in ships may potentially reduce emissions of CO2, a greenhouse gas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2022

Korean customers purcahse some products directoly from overseas for saving the money. However, in refunding or exchanging the products from overseas, customers may complain due to different regulations and language barriers. Mutual purchasing relationships is a prerequisite for establishing trust with customers and online retailers need various activities to gain the trust of consumers. This research has a purpose of investigating the relationship between trust and satisfaction according to the quality of reverse logistics service.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.357-379
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• 2022

Increased fisheries products have raised by-products that are discarded due to low economic value. In addition, marine by-products are still rich in protein and nutritional value that have biological activities and give benefits to human health. Meanwhile, there is raised pressure for sustainability practices in marine industries to reduce waste and minimize the detrimental effect on the environment. Thus, valorization by-products through bioactive peptide mining are crucial. This review focus on various ways to obtain bioactive peptides from marine by-products through protein hydrolysis, for instance chemical hydrolysis (acid and based), biochemical hydrolysis (autolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis), microbial fermentation, and subcritical water hydrolysis. Nevertheless, these processes have benefits and drawbacks which need to be considered. This review also addresses various biological activities that are favorable in pharmaceutical industries, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-obesity, and other beneficial bioactivities. In addition, some potential marine resources of Indonesia for the marine biopeptide from their by-product or undesired marine commodities would be addressed as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2013

HNS, including crude oil and products, shipments have increased. The risk analysis of HNS has assumed the importance, especially in maritime transportation area. There are various forms and kinds of HNS and the consequences of an accident are serious. In order to provide practical measures for preventing accidents, this study analyses the potential risks of HNS on maritime transportation accidents at domestic sea by using Event Tree Analysis. This study carries out risk assessment with F-N curve and risk matrix focusing on liquid cargo carriers (Oil and Products Tanker, Chemical Tanker, LPG/LNG Tanker, etc.). Explosion and sinking, suffocation indicate high consequence when on collision represent high probability. Improving human errors should be the main factor to mitigate risk on human lives.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.637-643
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• 2007

In many fields, commercial programs or equipments are biting developed and these are getting complicated more and more by adding advantages from existing products. In promoting the usability of these products, design based on the information integration receives attention. However, is information integration always better? In this study, we tried to demonstrate information distribution is more efficient than information integration through conning display design that was propelled by many countries' classification societies. We designed the conning display using many ergonomic methods and conducted its performance experiment. Results of the performance experiment reveal that conning display having two modes (one shows the functions related with ocean and coast voyage and another shows the functions related with docking and leaving port) is more efficient.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.158-167
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• 2022

The International Maritime Organization's e-Navigation strategy introduces new technologies to ships to support easier and safer navigation. To implement the e-Navigation strategy, it was necessary to develop a common data model, that could meet various requirements across all aspects of the maritime information service. The International Hydrographic Organization's S-100 Universal Hydrographic Data Model was selected, as the basis for the standardization of maritime data products. Three S-100 based product specifications for weather information, collectively called "S-41X", are currently under development by the NOAA's Ocean Prediction Center, for use in the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). This paper describes a design of a grid based S-413 data model out of three S-41X product specifications. Other S-100 data products, which support the gridded data format, were considered. To verify the data model, an encoding test was conducted, using the Korean Meteorological Adminstration's numerical prediction model results.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.25-55
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• 2018

Cold storage and transportation facilities play major roles in the implementation of fishery cold chain systems. Most fishes are more easily perishable than other food products such as agricultural products and livestock products. Therefore, fishery cold chain systems were earlier introduced than other food clod chain systems. It is acknowledged that a reefer ship as a component of cold chain systems was used in the fishery transportation in the Joseon Dynasty. But researchers disagree on the introduction time of a fishery reefer ship. This study investigated the introduction time of a fishery reefer ship by some conditions including the number of private cold storage facilities, the magnitude of fishing vessels, and the plenty catch of fish species. According to reviewing the introduction conditions of fishery reefer ships, it was estimated that fishery reefer ships were introduced in 15th century. Therefore, the introduction time of a fishery reefer ship is more advanced about 300 or 400 years than as we know.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.219-234
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• 2021

Armington elasticity has been a methodology for analyzing how much imports could increase in response to importing price cuts, assuming the possibility of incomplete substitution of domestic and imported products. This study calculates Armington elasticity values in Korean fisheries sector and presents an analysis method for classifying items based on price and preference differences. The model is modified reflecting the characteristics of the fisheries market along with the typical OLS, PAM, and ECM models. The result's implication is that products with a high import growth rate do not necessarily show a high Armington value, but it could be seen that price is not the only factor facilitating fisheries imports increase. Considering the items of which demand increases due to importing price cuts have an indiscriminate demand between domestic and imported products, the results could be interpreted that the Korean fisheries importing market has been easily affected by the changes in import prices. Fisheries grouping by price and preference demonstrates that explanatory variables other than price should be considered when estimating import demand.