• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.567-574
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• 2013

Although Korea coastal area has the increasing potential marine accident due to frequent ship's encounter, increased vessel traffic and large vessel, there is no specific model to evaluate the navigating vessel's risk considering the domestic traffic situation. The maritime transport environmental assessment is necessary due to the amended maritime traffic law. However, marine safety diagnosis is now carried out by foreign model. In this paper, therefore, we suggest a domestic traffic model reflecting the characteristics of korea coastal area and navigator's risk as we named PARK(Potential Assessment of Risk) model. We can evaluate the subjective risk by establishing the model and model output into maritime risk exposure system. To evaluate this model's effectiveness, we used ship handling simulation and applied, analyzed collision accident which occurred in korea coastal area. And also, we applied integrated to an ECDIS program for monitoring traffic risk of vessels with real time based AIS data and apply to evaluate traffic risk in busan harbor waterway. As a result, we could evaluate busan harbor waterway risk effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2013

Accidents between ships occur frequently at the traffic congestion area. Once a maritime accidents occur, it is likely to end up with critical damaged accidents. This paper develop a simulator for assessing quantitative risk based on statical maritime traffic data and realtime traffic distribution. Ship's passage risk assessment simulator consist of import of division of passage data, traffic distribution analysis and passage risk assessment analysis. Maritime traffic data of WANDO waterway apply to simulator for calculation of quantitative risk rate of waterway.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.761-767
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• 2012

Maritime traffic assessment is important to understand the characteristics of maritime traffic and to prevent maritime accidents. The maritime traffic assessment can be calculated from the ship trajectory data observed by using AIS(Automatic Identification System). This paper developes a maritime traffic assessment tool using ship's position and speed, course, time data from ships navigating waterways. The results are represented in terms of the number of traffic quantity and traffic distribution, speed distribution, geometric collision candidates. The developed tool will contributes to advance maritime traffic safety by VTS(Vessel Traffic Services).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2019

The demand for the revitalization of marine tourism in Busan North Port is increasing due to changes in functions such as an increase in harbor traffic volume and the expansion of marine leisure space in Busan. As a result, Busan City plans to set a phased alleviation target for prohibition of cruise ship operations, and to lift the prohibition of excursion ship operations in North Port following the cancellation of the prohibition of excursion ship operations in South Port in 2017. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port by applying the marine traffic assessment index and to examine the possibility of excursion ship operations. For this purpose, port status, marine accidents, and traffic flow of Busan North Port were investigated. In addition, marine traffic assessment indexes, such as traffic congestion, risk based on an ES Model, and IWRAP MkII, a maritime risk assessment tool, were used to assess the risk and possibility of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port. This study can be used as basic data for analyzing the risk factors that may occur when excursion ships are operated in Busan North Port and to define how excursion ships should operate, with related safety measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2015

This paper compared the consistency of the Environment Stress(ES) model and the Potential Risk Assessment Model (PARK model, which was developed based on a Korean mariner risk perception) for the Busan adjacent waterway. Evaluation of accuracy and comparison of these two models have been made by Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) officers in the Busan VTS Centre. The assessment results of Busan waterway show that the PARK model is more consistent than the ES model as follows. (1) The difference between assessment results applying ES model and PARK model with risk degree of VTSOs were 34% and 5% respectively in six typical traffic situations. (2) The assessment using PARK model is more suitable and identical with the VTSOs opinion in his or her duty time.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2018

Despite the development of safety measures and improvements in preventive systems technologies, maritime traffic accidents that involve ships carrying hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) continuously occur owing to increased amount of HNS goods transported and the growing number of HNS fleet. To prevent maritime traffic accidents involving ships carrying HNS, this study proposes an intuitive route risk assessment technique using risk contours that can be visually and quantitatively analyzed. The proposed technique offers continuous information based on quantified values. It determines and structures route risk factors classified as absolute danger, absolute factors, and influential factors within the assessment area. The route risk is assessed in accordance with the proposed algorithmic procedures by means of contour maps overlaid on electronic charts for visualization. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed route risk assessment technique, experimental case studies under various conditions were conducted to compare results obtained by the proposed technique to actual route plans used by five representative companies operating the model ship carrying HNS. This technique is beneficial not only for assessing the route risk of ships carrying HNS, but also for identifying better route options such as recommended routes and enhancing navigation safety. Furthermore, this technique can be used to develop optimized route plans for current maritime conditions in addition to future autonomous navigation application.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.689-694
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• 2014

The Korean government has introduced and enforced maritime traffic safety assessment to secure traffic safety since 2010. The maritime traffic safety assessment is needed by law to design a new port or modify an existing one. According to Korea Maritime Safety Act, in the assessment the propriety of marine traffic system consists of the safety of channel transit and berthing/unberthing maneuver, safety of mooring, and safety of marine traffic flow. The safety of channel transit and berthing/unberthing maneuver can be evaluated only by ship-handling simulation. The ship-handling simulation is carried out by sea pilots working with the port concerned. The vessel's proximity measure is an important factor to evaluate traffic safety. The proximity measure is composed of vessel's closest distance to channel boundary and probability of grounding/collision. What is more, the probability of grounding becomes important. According to central limit theorem, a sample has a normal distribution on condition that its size is more than 30. However, more than 30 simulation runs bring about the increase of assessment period and difficulty of employing sea pilots. Therefore this paper is to find out minimum sample size for evaluating vessel's proximity. First sample sets of size of 3, 5, 7, 9 etc. are selected randomly on the basis of normal distribution. And then KS test for goodness of fit and t-test for confidence interval are applied to each sample set. Finally this paper decides the minimum sample size. As a result this paper suggests the minimum sample size of 5, that is, the simulation of more than five times.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2011

According to the Marine Traffic Safety Law, revised in 2009, Marine Traffic Safety Audit is introduced to secure the safe navigation, to prevent the marine accident and to maximize the efficiency of the port. In this audit system, marine traffic safety assessment is the most important scheme because the primary purpose of the audit system is to identify potential risk elements affecting safe navigation. Even though the reliability of audit result depends on the selection of assessment models, there are no independent assessment models for Korean coastal waters and most of models used in Korea currently are developed by foreign countries. Therefore, the development of the independent assessment model for Korean coastal water is required. This study, prior to the development of independent assessment model, aims to provide a basic data by comparing two foreign assessment models in Ulsan port area with marine accident statistics data.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.257-263
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• 2016

Mombasa is the principle port of Kenya, serving inland countries in Eastern and central Africa. Mombasa port has undergone a massive infrastructure upgrade and dredging works with an expectation that more vessels and large post Panamax ships will be able to enter Mombasa port. Therefore, it is vital to carry out a marine traffic risk assessment in order to quantify the degree of navigation safety needed in the Mombasa approach channel and also to evaluate the navigation risk imposed on transit traffic by local ferry traffic. In this paper, a marine traffic risk assessment is carried out using the IWRAP mk2, Environmental Stress (ES) model, and the PARK model. Risk assessment results show that Likoni area has an unacceptable stress/risk ranking at 20.7% by the ES model and 38.89% by the PARK model. The IWRAP mk2 model shows that the crossing area has the highest risk of crossing collision and the area at the entrance to the inner channel has a high risk of grounding. The conclusions derived from this study will provide the basis for proposing the most effective countermeasure to improve navigation safety in the Mombasa approach channel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2016

Mombasa is the principle port of Kenya, serving hinter countries in Eastern and central Africa. Mombasa port has undergone a massive infrastructure upgrade and dredging works with an expectation that more vessels and large post Panamax ships will be able to call at Mombasa port. Therefore, it is vital to carry out a marine traffic risk assessment so as to quantify the degree of navigation safety on Mombasa approach channel and also to evaluate navigation risk imposed on transit traffic by local ferry traffic. In this paper marine traffic risk assessment is carried out using IWRAP mk2, Environmental Stress model, and PARK model. Risk assessment results show that Likoni area has unacceptable stress/ risk ranking at 20.7% on ES model and 38.89% by PARK model. IWRAP mk2 model shows that crossing area has the highest risk of crossing collision and the area at the entrance to inner channel has a high risk of grounding. The conclusions derived from this study will provide the basis for proposing the most effective countermeasure so as to improve navigation safety in Mombasa approach channel.