• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.488-498
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• 2022

Collision prevention education, which takes up the longest time among officer training courses, is one of the most important training and practice courses for trainees. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trainees' perception of collision risk in order to develop a systematic and quantified collision prevention training course. For this, factors for judging collision risk were derived from previous studies, and each trainee's perspective on collision risk was derived for each scenario through a questionnaire survey for trainees. Using the PARK Model, the same was compared with the collision risk perceived by the officer. Resultingly, it was found that trainees and of icers consider the distance to other ships the most important among collision risk factors. Additionally, although the risk trends of two groups for each scenario were similar, the average risk of trainees (5.39) was higher than that of officers (5.20). However, the trainees perceived a lower level of risk than the officers in certain scenarios, and this is judged to be the result of the trainees' lack of navigational experience. This study is expected to be used as basic data for the development of collision prevention practice education by quantitatively suggesting the difference between the collision risk of trainees and officers respectively.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.665-676
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• 2017

Over the past several years, sea trade have increased traffic by ships which highlighted a problem of unwanted species invading the surrounding seas through ship's ballast water discharge. Maritime trade volume has continuously increased worldwide and the problem still exists. The respective countries are spending billions of dollars in an effort to clean up the contamination and prevent pollution. As part of an effort to solve marine environmental problem, BWM(Ballast Water Management) convention was adopted at a diplomatic conference on Feb. 13 2004. In order to comply harmoniously this convention by each country. This convention will be effective after 12 months from the date which 30 countries ratified accounting for more than 35% of the world merchant shipping volume. On Sep. 8 2016, Finland ratified this convention and effective condition was satisfied as 52 states and world merchant vessel fleet 35.1441%. Thus, after Sep. 8 2017, all existing vessels shall be equipped with BWTS(Ballast Water Treatment System) in accordance with D-2 Regulation, which physically handles ballast water from ballast water exchange system(D-1 Regulation). In this study, we analyzed in detail the optimal design method using the Risk Analysis and Evaluation technique which is mainly used in the manufacturing factory or the risky work site comparing with the traditional design concept method applying various criteria. The Risk Assessment Method is a series of processes for finding the Risk Factors in the design process, analyzing a probility of the accident and size of the accident and then quantifying the Risk Incidence and finally taking measures. In this study, this method was carried out for Electrolysis treatment type on DWT 180K Bulk Carrier using "HAZOP Study" method among various methods. In the Electrolysis type, 63 hazardous elements were identified.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.249-249
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2015

Total acid digestion and 1 M HCl extraction methods were used to investigate the pollution status and the degree of ecological risk of trace metals in surface sediments from the Ulsan-Onsan coast. Total concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg) were two-fold higher in surface sediments from Onsan coast than in those from Ulsan coast. The mean labile fractions of the total concentrations of Cd and Pb were 72% and 78%, respectively, indicating a high contribution from anthropogenic sources, whereas Cr, Li, Ni, and As in the residual fraction exceeded 80%, indicating a high contribution from natural sources. According to the results of assessment of trace metal pollution using the sediment quality guidelines in Korea, the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg were higher than the values of the probable effects level (PEL) at some stations of Onsan coast, and the concentrations of Cr and Ni were lower than the values of the threshold effects level (TEL). The pollution level and ecological risk of the trace metals were analyzed using various indexes (EF, $I_{geo}$, m-PEL-Q, and ERI). Our results showed that the degree of pollution by trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg) on the Ulsan-Onsan coast was high, and Hg and Cd were the major potential ecological risk factors.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

Ship is bring operated under a highly dynamic environments and many factors are related whit marine accident and those factors are interacting. An analysis on the marine accident is very important to prepare countermeasures which will ensure the safe navigation This paper aims to build a model of the rouses and improved policy for marine accident using SD(System Dynamics) approach and to measure a effect which is risk control countermeasures of marine accident The methodology of this paper is to perform the causes and improved policy for marine accident using Brainstorming method, and was to changed by quantitutive, qualitative factors and their feedback loops in casual map. This model was performed over 23 years($1997\~2020$) in a standard simulation model and 4 policy simulation models.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 2017

Accidents associated with hazardous materials, including oil and HNS, in maritime transportation show increasing trend. Therefore, preventive countermeasures for such accidents should be provided. The purpose of this study is to analyze level of risk on human loss and potential damage to environment, using data on domestic marine accidents carrying hazardous materials (2002~2014), and identify high-risk accident types for urgent risk management which needs findings of accident causes and proper mitigation measures. High-risks on human loss are explosion and suffocation, occurred in process of ship maintenance and tank cleaning. On the other hand, high-risk on environmental damage is spill caused by ship accidents (collision, grounding and etc.). Especially, spill occurs during loading operation of oil and HNS onboard a ship. Strict operation supervision/management and safety education/training on a regular basis could prevent accidents, because human factors such as not wearing safety gear and careless cargo handling cause most of the marine accidents.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.441-454
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• 2020

The tunnel collapse, large deformation of surrounding rock, water and mud inrush are the major geological disasters in soft rock tunnel construction. Among them, tunnel collapse has the most serious impact on tunnel construction. Current research backed theories have certain limitations in identifying the collapse risk of soft rock tunnels. Examining the Zhengwan high-speed railway tunnel, eight soft rock tunnel collapse influencing factors were selected, and the combination of indicator weights based on the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weighting methods was obtained. The results show that the groundwater condition and the integrity of the rock mass are the main influencing factors leading to a soft rock tunnel collapse. A comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model for the collapse risk of soft rock tunnels is being proposed, and the real-time collapse risk assessment of the Zhengwan tunnel is being carried out. The results obtained via the fuzzy evaluation model agree well with the actual situation. A tunnel section evaluated to have an extremely high collapse risk and experienced a local collapse during excavation, verifying the feasibility of the collapse risk evaluation model. The collapse risk evaluation model proposed in this paper has been demonstrated to be a promising and innovative method for the evaluation of the collapse risk of soft rock tunnels, leading to safer construction.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.125-133
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• 2016

We investigated the distribution of organic matter and trace metals in surface sediment from Tonyeong coast. To determine the status of trace metal pollution, we also conducted an ecological risk assessment. Relatively high concentration of TN (total nitrogen), TOC (total organic carbon), and AVS (acid volatile sulfide) was found in surface sediment located in the narrow channel (site 35-38). Spatial distribution of Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Hg, and Zn in surface sediment was similar and high Cu concentrations were found in narrow channel. The assessment of heavy metal pollution was derived using the Enrichment factors (EF). The enrichment factor indicated that Cd was no enrichment (EF<1), Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn, and Hg were minor enrichment (1

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2020

Stow net fishery is one of the fishery with high fishing work accidents in southwestern sea of Korea. We conducted to serve as basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fisher using risk assessment process (ISO45001) with fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) from 2016 to 2018. The average occurrence rate of victim in this fishery was 9.04%, 16.7 times more than such rate in all industries. In addition, the average fatality rate was found to have a very serious level management to 31.06‱, 27.7 times more than such rate in all industries. The safety hazards of stow net fishery was more likely to occur by other general industrial groups, with more severe consequences after the accident. According to 4M analysis, 58.6% of all accidents were caused by human factors, 24.0% by environmental factors, 16.0% by mechanical factors, and 1.5% by managerial factors, respectively. The occurrence frequency by accident type was the highest in 187 cases (32.2%) for struck by object, 158 cases (27.2%) for slipping, and 94 cases (16.2%) for being in contact with machinery. Severity is the highest for others such as diseases etc., in the order of being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, falling from above slipping, collapsing, bumping, and burning. Being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, and slipping are high-risk groups, falling from above others, bumping, and burning are medium-risk groups based on the risk assessment using the occurrence frequency and severity of accident. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the safe operation environment subsidy for fishing crews on the stow net fishing vessel.