• 자연과학논문집
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• 제4권
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• pp.11-22
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• 1991

Early studies on Korean Sargassum subjenus Bactrophycus were partly started by Kyetzubg(1843,1849), J. Agardh(1889), Cotton(1906), Yendo(1907) and Okamura(1913, 1914, 1915, 1917). Kang(1966) reported 15 species and 4 subspecies of Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus and their wide distribution on the Korean coasts in his paper [On the geographical distribution of marine algae in Korea], a foundation stone of Korean phycology. In fact, all the Korean coasts and subtidal zone are inhabited by Sargassum plants. They constitute the most part of the primary production and dominant species of benthic algal vegetation. In 1974, L.K. Lee began to study Sargassum monographically as seaweed resources in Korea. The Koreans eat some species of Sargassum (including Hizikia fusiformis) or use them as fertilizer of the farm near the coast. Among the reported 17 species of Korean Fucales, 12 species belong to Bactrophycus. Yoo(1976) dealt with the descriptions, figures, and a key of 24 species of Korean Fucales plants in her M.S. thesis paper. Among them 16 species belonged to Bactrophycus. Even though the above two works were done with thorough observation of the dry specimens kept in the Pusan Fisheries University Herbarium (most of them were identified by Kang, J.W.) and nation-wide collections, great morphological varieties of these taxa made Lee and Yoo hesitate to publish the paper. Instead, the serial chemotaxonomic studies on the geographical variations of Korean Fucales plants(Yoo and Lee, 1988a, 1988b ; Yoo, et al., 1988) were held to solve the problem, while foreign papers (especially both Drs Tseng's and Yoshida's serial works on Bactrophycus). and authenthic specimens that foreign scholors sent to Korean phycologists induced them to find that several species of Sargassum had been misidentified from the beginning. We introduce here Korean Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus according to Tseng et al. (1985), mentioning briefly the characteristics of the species, key, and distribution on the Korean coasts.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2008

알긴산은 $\alpha$-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-L-guluronic acid(G)와 $\beta$-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-D-mannuronic acid(M)로 구성되어 있으며, 생체친화성, 무독성, 생분해성, 친수성 및 상대적으로 낮은 가격으로 인해 창상피복재나 조직공학용 지지체 및 약물운반체 등 생의학적 분야에 널리 이용하기에 적합한 물질이다. 그러나 이러한 특성을 가지는 알긴산 자체는 물에 녹지 않기 때문에 수용성인 알긴산나트륨의 형태로 많이 사용되고 있으나, 그 수용액은 매우 점도와 전도도가 높기 때문에 전기방사에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 전기방사가 가능한 수용성 고분자인 poly(ethylene oxide)(FEO)와 poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)을 혼합하였다. 본 연구에서는 천연 재료인 알긴산과 생체적합성이 뛰어난 수용성 고분자를 혼합하여 전기방사를 통해 나노섬유로 제조하였으며, 제조된 나노섬유는 SEM 분석 및 평균 직경 분석, XRD 분석 등을 통하여 최적 조건을 수립하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.998-1003
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• 2007

The green marine algae, Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) is a food supplement cultivated in south coast of Southern Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of CF-induced hypopigmentation. The present study was designed to determine the effect of CF extracton melanogenesis in B16 cells, particularly its specific effects on tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). We measured melanin contents and analyzed melanosome associated protein levels using Western blot and Reverse transcription-polymerase chian reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. CF extract markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity. In addition, cellular dendricity was slightly decreased by CF extract. In further experiments, CF extract significantly reduced the protein levels of tyrosinase and TRP-2 in B16 cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that tyrosinase and TRP-2 mRNA levels were unaffected by CF treatment. Therefore, these results suggest that hypopigmentary effect of CF was due to post-translational degradationof tyrosinase and TRP-2.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

When exposed to gamma-rays, hair follicular cells immediately go through apoptosis, which hampers their rapid differentiation essential for the regeneration of hair. Phloroglucinol (PG) is a phenolic compound of Ecklonia cava, brown algae abundant in Jeju island, Korea. Containing plentiful polyphenols, PG is known for its instructive effects by inhibiting apoptosis, scavenging oxygen radicals, and protecting cells against oxidative stress. In this study, we demonstrate that PG rescues radiosensitive hair follicular cells from gamma radiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage. To identify protective capacity of PG on hair follicles, we irradiated with 8.5 Gy (1.5 Gy/min) of gamma-rays to the whole body of C57BL/6 mice at day 6 after depilation with or without PG. In mice exposed to radiation, the expression of proapoptotic molecule p53 was downregulated in the skin of PG treated group. On immunohistochemical observation of the skin, PG inhibited the immunoreactivity of p53 and cleaved caspase-3. PG treatment protected hair follicular cells from cell death due to gamma-radiation. Our results suggest that PG presents radioprotective effects by inhibiting apoptosis of radiosensitive hair follicular cells and can protect hair follicular cells from gamma-ray induced damage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2021

Marine algae (seaweed) encompass numerous groups of multicellular organisms with various shapes, sizes, and colors, and serve as important sources of natural bioactive substances. The brown alga Ecklonia cava Kjellman, an edible seaweed, contains many bioactives such as phlorotannins and fucoidans. Here, we evaluated the antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects of E. cava extract (ECE), E. cava phlorotannin-rich extract (ECPE), and the phlorotannin dieckol on neuronal PC-12 cells. The antioxidant capacities of ECPE and ECE were 1,711.5 and 1,050.4 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the ABTS assay and 704.0 and 474.6 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the DPPH assay, respectively. The dieckol content of ECPE (58.99 mg/g) was approximately 60% higher than that of ECE (36.97 mg/g). Treatment of PC-12 cells with ECPE and ECE increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells due to ECPE and ECE decreased dose-independently by up to 63% and 47%, respectively, compared with the stress control (323%). ECPE reduced the production of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 more effectively than ECE. Early and late apoptosis in PC-12 cells were more effectively decreased by ECPE than ECE treatments. From the results obtained in this study, we concluded that ECPE, which is rich in phlorotannins, including the marker compound dieckol, may be applied to the development of functional materials for improving cognition and memory.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

2008년 4월부터 2009년 3월까지 1년간 우리나라 서남해안 함평만의 도리포에서는 조간대의 해조류 식물 군집과 가입리에서는 식용 해조류 가시파래의 월별 변동성을 매월 조사하였다. 조사된 해조류는 총 22종이었으며, 녹조류 5종, 갈조류 4종 그리고 홍조류 13종이었다. 함평만 도리포 암반 조간대에서 연간 우점하는 해조류는 구멍갈파래였고, 준 우점종은 잎파래와 애기가시덤불이었다. 조간대 상부에서 하부에 이르는 수직분포는 잎파래 - 애기가시덤불 - 구멍갈파래 - 지충이었다. 가시파래의 생물량은 6월에 최대를 보였고 11월에 최소를 보였으며, 2.4-98.2 g dry wt. m^-2 범위를 나타냈다. 가시파래의 생물량은 수온과 연관이 있어 보이지만 영양염류 및 빛의 강도 같은 기타 환경요인과의 관계는 추후 지속적인 연구가 요구된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2022

Ulva compressa Linnaeus (UCL) is a green algae seaweed that performs photosynthesis and is used as a food material in some Asian regions including Korea. It is known to be the dominant species in copper ion-contaminated seas, and many studies on copper ion resistant mechanisms have been reported. UCL is known to have an excellent antioxidant effect, but limited information is available regarding its other physiological activities. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of 30% prethanol extracts of Ulva compressa Linnaeus (30% PeUCL) and the underlying mechanisms of its activity on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. The 30% PeUCL extracts suppressed FaDu cell viability without affecting normal cells (L929), as determined by MTT and viability assays. Furthermore, the 30% PeUCL extracts induced apoptosis, as determined by DAPI staining. The 30% PeUCL extracts inhibited colony formation effectively as well as wound-healing of FaDu cells, even at noncytotoxic concentrations. In addition, 30% PeUCL extracts induced apoptosis significantly through proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3, -7, and -9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and by downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in FaDu cells, as determined by Western blot analysis. Collectively, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of 30% PeUCL extracts on the growth of oral cancer cells, colony formation and wound-healing may be mediated by caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, 30% PeUCL extracts can be administered as a natural chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of human oral cancers.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2023

Auranofin is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-arthritis medication that functions as a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor. Spermidine, a polyamine present in marine algae, can exert various physiological functions. Herein, we examined the synergistic anticancer activity of auranofin and spermidine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combined treatment with auranofin and spermidine suppressed cell viability more efficiently than either treatment alone in HCC Hep3B cells. The isobologram plotted by calculating the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of each drug indicated that the two drugs exhibited a synergistic effect. Based on the analysis of annexin V and cell cycle distribution, auranofin and spermidine markedly induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Moreover, auranofin and spermidine increased mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss. Auranofin and spermidine significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Hep3B cells, and the blocking ROS suppressed apoptosis induced by spermidine and auranofin. In addition, auranofin and spermidine reduced the expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), and PI3K inhibitor accelerated auranofin- and spermidine-induced apoptosis. Using ROS scavenger and PI3K inhibitor, we revealed that ROS acts upstream of auranofin- and spermidine-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our study suggests that combination treatment with auranofin and spermidine could afford synergistic anticancer activity via ROS overproduction and reduced PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

We seasonally examined marine macroalgal community structures in the subtidal zones at Gapado Island, Jeju, Korea, from February 2013 to November 2019. A total of 164 macroalgal species were identified, including 15 green, 40 brown, and 109 red algae. Species richness ranged from 54-106 species, with the maximum observed in 2013 and the minimum observed in 2015. Cladophora wrightiana var. minor, Ecklonia cava, Amphiroa anceps, Corallina aberrans, Corallina crassisima, Synarthrophyton chejuense, Sonderophycus capensis and Plocamium telfairiae occurred in all seasons. The average annual seaweed biomass was 1,258.22 g wet wt./m², ranging from 917.51 g/m² in 2017 to 1,551.95 g/m² in 2014. E. cava was the most dominant species, accounting for 46.57% of the total seaweed biomass. The subdominant species were P. telfairiae and A. anceps, comprising 8.64% (108.75 g/m²) and 6.65% (83.61 g/m²) of the total biomass, respectively. The vertical distribution of subtidal seaweeds were represented by E. cava and P. telfairiae at 5-20 m, A. anceps at 10-20 m, C. aberrans and C. crassisima at 5 m and C. wrightiana var. minor at 10 m. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups: group A (2014-2018), group B (2019) and group C (2013), indicating significant differences in the annual seaweed community.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2014

우리나라 동남해 연안 해역에 위치한 이기대 지역에서 2010년 5월부터 2011년 2월까지 계절별로 해조상 및 군집구조에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 조사기간 동안 녹조류 9종, 갈조류 14종, 홍조류 43을 포함한 총 66종이 동정되었으며, 16종의 해조류는 조사지역에서 연중 출현하였다. 계절별 평균 현존량은 봄 $123.6g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 여름 $2,061.6g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 가을 $412.0g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 겨울 $678.9g{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 나타났다. 종조성의 차이는 주변의 오염원이 존재하지 않는 정점 3과 4에 비하여 주변 하천의 영향을 받는 정점 1로 갈수록 종조성이 상대적으로 낮은 경향을 보였는데 이는 주변의 용호천, 대연천, 남부하수처리장 방류수에 의한 영향으로 판단되었다. 해조군집의 생태적 특성을 판단할 수 있는 R/P, C/P, (R+C)/P 값은 각각 3.07, 0.64, 3.71로 나타났으며, 해조류의 외부형태와 내부구조 등에 따라 구분되는 6가지 기능형군에 따른 분류결과는 성긴분기형 39.39 %, 엽상형 30.30 %, 다육질형 13.64 %, 사상형 12.12 %, 각상형 3.03 %, 유절산호말형 1.52 %으로 나타났다. 한편, 이기대 지역의 해조류 개체수는 1996년부터 1997년에 96종, 2010년부터 2011년에 66종으로 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 이는 주변하천과 하수처리장의 방류수 등에 의한 영향으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 대도시 인근 연안의 해조군락 보호 및 육성을 위하여 연안역에 유입되는 오하수의 처리 및 해조장 복원과 같은 적극적인 해양환경 유지관리방법이 체계적으로 추진되어야 할 것이다.