• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite on harmful gas production generated by pig slurry. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire × Land race] × Duroc, live weight 70±3.21 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications (20 heads per replicate). The treatments consisted of 0% (control), 0.05% (T1), or 1% (T2) of manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite. Manure additives were added weekly to pig slurry pits (2 m × 4.5 m × 1.2 m) on a volumetric basis. For ammonia measured at both 10 cm and 90 cm above the pig slurry pit, a statistical significance (p<0.05) was found in probiotics and zeolite-treated manure additives at weeks 1 - 3, except for week 0. In addition, hydrogen sulfide levels measured at 10 cm above the pig slurry pit were not affected by the manure additive at weeks 0 and 1, but showed a significant statistical difference at weeks 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementing pig slurry with 0.05% and 0.1% manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite was found to be effective in reducing environmental pollution in pig facilities.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) contents from hanwoo manure using probiotics to feed and manure additives during 5 weeks. A total of 45 hanwoo(24 months old) with averaging $580{\pm}20$ kg in weight were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 3 replicates per treatment(5 hanwoo per pen, $5{\times}8m$). The treatment were supplemented, control, T1(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis)), and T2(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis) + 7 kg probiotics on the surface of hanwoo manure (top-dressing)). During the experimental period, there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05) in pH values at 3 and 5 weeks; TN contents at 5 weeks; and SRP contents at 5 weeks in all treatments. Adding probiotics to feed or feed and manure increased manure pH in comparison with controls. As time increased, changes in TN contents decreased in the order: T2 > Control > T1. Especially, the reduction in SRP contents in all treatments at 5 weeks was in following order: T1 > T2 > Control. This result suggests that it is possible to make efficient use of probiotics as feed and manure additives for reducing environmental pollution or to provide fundamental information on livestock managements to producers.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 미생물 첨가에 따라 거세한우 비육우 분의 이화학적 특성, 미생물 성상, 가스발생량 및 퇴비 부숙도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 4주 후, 미생물 첨가구에서 수분, 유기물, 총질소 함량 및 pH가 낮았으며, 나머지 이화학적 특성에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 유산균과 효모균 수는 증가하였으며, 대장균 수는 감소하였다. 12주 후, 미생물 첨가구에서 유산균과 고초균 수는 높았으나, 수분, 효모 및 대장균 수는 낮게 낮았다. 하지만 암모니아, 황화수소 발생량과 퇴비 부숙도는 미생물 첨가에 의한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 거세한우 분에 미생물을 첨가하면 유익균은 증가하고, 병원성 미생물은 감소하여, 비육우의 생산성은 증진될 것으로 사료되지만, 가스 발생량 및 퇴비 부숙도에 대한 추가적인 연구는 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1529-1533
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying alum (aluminum sulfate) and aluminum chloride on pH and pathogen populations of Hanwoo manure. A total of 36 steers (8 months old and averaging 300 kg in weight) were used in this trial and allotted to 9 pens (3 replication pens per group with 4 steers per experimental unit, $5{\times}8$ m). Chemical additives were applied as a top dressing with garden rake to a depth of 1 cm of manure with wood shavings in each treatment. The chemical amendments were control (without chemical amendments), 50 g of alum and 50 g of aluminum chloride/kg of Hanwoo manure. The experiment was carried out for 4 weeks. Adding alum and aluminum chloride to Hanwoo manure reduced (P < 0.05) pH compared to untreated controls during the 4-wk period. Both levels of the alum and aluminum chloride treatments tested decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica populations in Hanwoo manure at 2 and 4 weeks. It appears that the reduction in pathogen populations was primarily associated with the lower manure pH. If more strict environmental regulations are put into effect regarding pathogen populations from Hanwoo facilities, treating Hanwoo manure with alum and aluminum chloride may be a good management practice.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.203-216
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• 1999

Recent public concern about air pollution caused by swine production facilities has forced to develop the methods to reduce and control the swine odors. Swine odors were affected the life of pig farm neighborhoods, swine productivity, pig health, diseases, and human right, safety, sanity as negatively. The first approaches of control of swine odors are the change or improve of the classical management systems, which are manure treatment method, manure storage facility, phase feeding, sex-divided feeding, feeder type, liquid-slurry feeding, environment control of swine building and dust control of indoor swine facility. The methods to control odor emission from manure have to include the diet modification as nutritional basis. In recent, research emphasis has focused on manipulating the swine diet to increase the nutrient utilization of the diet to reduce excretion products and reduction of odors. There are lots of feed additives and pit additives introduced as practical basis for reducing odor emissions. The ozone treatment method is candidate as the good system for reducing swine odor. But this system is still too expensive to practice in present.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.589-602
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• 2011

In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different compost teas on plant growth reponses and yield of leaf lettuce. Compost tea is a liquid extract of compost obtained by mixing compost and water for a defined period of time. The pig manure and spent mushroom compost were made by steeping compost in water. Compost tea was aerated from 24 hours and molasses and kelp were added as supplements. The four types of compost were tested growth of lettuce. EC of animal manure compost tea was higher than that of spent mushroom compost tea. Mineral nutrients were significantly higher in animal manure compost tea compared with spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea contains nutrient and a ranges of different organisms. The beneficial fungi and actinomycetes were prominent in a spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea from animal manure had the higher numbers of total bacteria. The actinomycetes densities were high in spent mushroom compost tea. But actinomycetes were not founded in animal manure compost tea. The growth characteristics of lettuce in animal manure compost tea were higher than those of spent mushroom compost tea. And also SPAD value in leaf was high in plot treated with animal manure compost tea. The fresh yield of lettuce in animal compost tea was higher by 181% that of control plot. The effect of compost tea on growth of lettuce was largely attributable to mineral nutrient.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.560-571
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• 2019

본 논문은 유기성 폐자원의 하나인 가축분뇨(우분)를 사용하여 고형연료화 가능성을 연구하고자 하였으며 생성물 제작 시 반탄화 방법을 이용하였다. 우분의 낮은 발열량을 개선하기 위해 첨가물을 사용하였으며 첨가물은 임업부산물인 톱밥과 계설성 폐기물인 낙엽을 사용하여 폐기물을 자원화 하고자 하였다. 반탄화 실험 진행 시 반응온도는 $200-260^{\circ}C$까지 $20^{\circ}C$씩 차이를 두어 생성물을 제작하였으며 반응시간은 15분, 30분, 45분으로 나누어 생성물을 제작 후 실험 조건이 반탄화 생성물에 미치는 영향을 알고자 하였다. 첨가물은 우분 대비 9:1, 8:2(우분:첨가물)의 비율로 섞어 시료 제작 후 반응생성물을 제작하였다. 본 실험을 통해 우리나라 고형연료제품 기준인 3,500 kcal/kg에 준하는 생성물을 얻을 수 있었으며, 첨가물을 추가하여 개선된 생성물을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

The odours from spreading the slurry, manure storage tanks, and the stall are a source of annoyance for the neighbors and sometimes even become a case for civil appeal. Reducing the odourant and ammonia emission is an urgent need to be addressed. It is known that brown coal and oak charcoal have an ability to absorb odour. We designed an experiment set in lab scale and used the brown coal and oak charcoal as additives in the test to reduce odour. The test are divided into two categories; namely aeration and no-aeration. The additives were added to the each sample at a concentration of 5% and 10% of total base solids, besides the control samples. We carried out the Phenate Method for ammonia analyzing. In the non-aerated case, the results showed a reducing efficiency of 23.7% and 26.4% with an addition rate of 5% and 10% of additives, respectively. In the aerated test, the reducing efficiency of ammonia was 17.8% and 21.0% with an addition rate of 5% and 10% of additives, respectively. In case of oak charcoal, non-aeration showed removal efficiencies of ammonia at 15.9% and 16.1% with addition rates of 5% and 10%, respectively, With aeration, they were 11.4% and 26.4% with addition rates of 5% and 10% oak charcoal, respectively. The tests show that brown coal and oak charcoal have a reducing effect on ammonia emissions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.703-708
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• 2021

To improve the environmental management and resources, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure on its characteristics and microbial composition during the storage period. Additives were deposited on top of the manure surface at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1% of oyster shell powder per 200 g of Hanwoo manure in a plastic container with three replicates; however, untreated manure litter served as the control. Manure characteristics (dry matter, organic matter and crude ash) and microbial composition (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli) were evaluated at day 0, 2, 4, and 8. Manure characteristics exhibited an effect on dry matter, organic matter, and crude ash at day 2 and 8 (p<0.05), and not for day 0 and 4 (p>0.05). With the exception of yeast content at day 4 of storage, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli exhibited no significant differences in all conditions during the storage period. Conclusively, addition of 1% oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure resulted in slightly better manure characteristics; however, its microbial composition remained unchanged.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

우리나라 양돈 농장 내 돈사의 대부분은 고밀도 사육에 적합한 피트형 구조를 가지고 있다. 피트형 돈사는 돼지의 배설물이 바닥의 공간에 장기간 저장되는 구조로서 기존의 돈사에 비해 분뇨 처리를 위한 노동비용이 크게 절감되는 장점이 있다. 그러나 피트에 저장된 분뇨슬러리는 암모니아를 비롯하여 다양한 냄새물질을 지속적으로 배출하여 돼지와 근로자의 건강을 위협하게 된다. 축산업의 역사가 오래된 축산 선진국에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 슬러리 첨가제, 스크러버, 바이오필터 등을 개발하였으며 우리나라 역시, 점차 고밀도 사육 방식이 확산됨에 따라 냄새저감 수단에 대한 수요가 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 특히 최근에는 돈사 피트에 직접 투여하는 미생물제의 보급이 빠르게 확대되고 있다. 미생물제는 구매 비용이 높다는 단점에도 불구하고 운반, 저장, 사용이 편리하고 상대적으로 유지비가 저렴하여 소규모 양돈 농가에서 많이 선택되고 있다. 이러한 미생물제와 비교하여 유사한 효과를 발휘하면서도 비용이 훨씬 저렴한 냄새저감 수단으로서 수용성 탄수화물이 있다. 수용성탄수화물이란 설탕, 포도당, 당밀과 같이 분자량이 적은 단당류 또는 이당류 등을 포함하며 분뇨슬러리에 용해된 이후 빠르게 미생물에 의해 이용될 수 있는 탄소화합물을 의미한다. 분뇨 내 미생물은 투여된 수용성 탄수화물을 분해하여 이산화탄소 및 각종 유기산을 생산함으로 슬러리를 산화시키는 효과를 발휘한다. 산화된 슬러리 내에서 비이온성인 암모니아는 이온성인 암모늄 이온으로 전환되어 휘발성을 잃게 된다. 본 연구에서 대표적인 수용성 탄수화물인 설탕을 돈분뇨 슬러리(120kg)에 0.1%(w/w) 투여함으로서 슬러리의 pH를 8.2 수준으로 유지하였고 암모니아의 휘발은 10일 평균 33% 저감하는 효과를 얻었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과를 돈사 현장에서 활용한다면 미생물제에 비해 보다 저렴한 비용으로 피트 슬러리의 암모니아 휘발을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.