• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Increase in application of liquid pig manure(LPM) in agriculture as nutritional source has become a social issue due to its influence on water quality. Also, proper application methods have not been developed with respect to indigenous properties of LPM and soil physical properties. Therefore, we conducted this experiment to observe the infiltration characteristics and distribution of dissolved organic compounds of LPM in soils having different soil textures. METHODS AND RESULTS: To do this experiment, we collected three different soils and LPM. We analyzed the physical and chemical properties of both soils and LPM to determine the dilution ratios of LPM. The LPM diluted to 4 different ratios with distilled water was applied to the top of soil column. Infiltration rates were observed by time and depth until the amount of effluent collected from the bottom of the soil columns were stabilized while maintaining the hydraulic head 3 cm above the soil column. The results showed that infiltration rates increased with increasing dilution ratios in the order of sandy, loamy sand, and sandy loam. The time required to reach steady state was increased with decreasing sand contents clay. CONCLUSION: The size and amount of the dissolved organic compounds in LPM that can determine the efficiency as fertilizer and environmental problems as nonpoint pollution source in water quality have not been investigated with respect to behavior and transport of them in soil. Therefore, it requires further research how we can properly apply LPM as valuable fertilizer substitute for inorganic fertilizers.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2014

음식물 쓰레기는 산완충능(buffer capacity)이 충분하지 않아 포집과 운송기간 동안 유기산이 축적될 수 있고 몰리브덴이나 코발트와 같은 미량원소가 부족할 수 있기 때문에 가축분뇨는 음식물 쓰레기와 혼합소화 시 부족한 메탄생성량을 보충할 수 있는 혼합기질로서 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문에서는 성공적인 혐기공정 설계 및 안정적 운영을 위한 우리 나라 유래 대상기질의 실제성상 특징과 메탄가스 발생사이의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 서울시의 8개 기초자치단체(강남, 강동, 송파, 영등포, 관악, 구로, 동작, 용산)의 음식물 쓰레기 중간 집하장이나 처리시설에서 음식물 쓰레기를 채취하였다. 음식물 쓰레기의 고형물 함량은 평균 16%를 보였고 잠재 메탄발생량은 평균 $446.6STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$로서 $334.8{\sim}567.5STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$의 범위를 가진다. 우분의 고형물 함량과 잠재메탄 발생량은 각각 평균 26%과 $280.6STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$로 타나났다. 잠재 메탄발생량은 고위발열량, 지방 함량, 탄소함량, 수소함량과 양의 상관관계를 가지고 탄수화물 함량과 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다($r^2>0.8$). 따라서 이러한 기질특성 분석결과를 통해 잠재 메탄발생량을 비교적 정확하게 예측하였다. 본 연구에서는 단일 기질과 잠재 메탄발생량을 분석하였으나 향후는 최대 메탄발생량을 위하여 혼합기질 (음식물쓰레기, 가축분뇨, 수분조절제 등)의 최적조합을 결정하는 연구가 수행하여야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2016

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.367-367
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• 2017

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures, sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was 15.8 g kg-1 and C/N rate was 20.3. Its growth was good in sandy loam and loam. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, which are approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference between soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover was 2.5 Mg ha-1, 2.3 Mg ha-1 each in sandy loam and loam. Therefore, it was approximately 0.8 ~ 1.1 Mg ha-1 higher than dry weight of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover was increased late harvest time. Nitrogen contribution were higher in loam and clay loam, when it was respectively 51.3 kg ha-1, 53.5 kg ha-1. Therefore, according to flowering properties and dry weight, the growth and development of crimson clover was finest in sandy loam and loam.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1058-1064
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• 2012

녹비작물은 토양에 환원하여 이용하면 화학비료 절감, 토양의 물리화학적 특성 개량, 토양유실방지, 경관조성 등 다양한 역할을 수행한다. 녹비작물을 농경지에 환원하는 과정에서 발생될 수 있는 탄소 변화를 알아보고자 논토양에 녹비보리, 헤어리베치, 헤어리베치/보리, 화학비료구를 처리하였다. 겨울동안 녹비작물을 통하여 흡수된 탄소량은 헤어리베치는 1.22 ton $ha^{-1}$, 녹비보리는 1.24 ton $ha^{-1}$이었으며 헤어리베치/보리 혼파구는 1.54 ton $ha^{-1}$ 이었다. 토양 탄소함량은 벼 이앙 7일전에 가장 높았으며 이후부터 점차 낮아져 수확기까지 비슷한 경향이었다. 녹비종류별로는 헤어리베치와 녹비보리구에서 헤어리베치/보리 혼파구보다 높았다. 메탄 발생량은 모든 처리에서 이앙 후 7일에 가장 높았으며, 녹비 환원구에서 화학비료구보다 약 17 ~ 25배 더 많았다. 녹비종류별 메탄 발생량은 헤어리베치, 헤어리베치/보리, 녹비보리 순이었다. 벼 식물체의 탄소 흡수량은 벼 재배기간 동안 계속 증가하였으며 녹비종류별로는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수확기의 정조와 볏짚 생산량은 녹비환원구에서 화학비료구보다 5 ~ 13% 많았으며 특히 헤어리베치/보리 혼파구에서는 14.07 ton $ha^{-1}$으로 가장 많이 생산되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.667-682
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• 2014

본 연구는 돈분액비의 시용수준이 벼의 생육, 수량구성요소, 수량, 미질과 토양에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 돈분액비의 시용수준은 벼의 추천 질소시용량인 9kg N/10a를 기준으로 하여 화학비료 질소 총량을 돈분액비로 대체하는 방법, 즉 100%, 130%, 160% 시용구를 두어 시용시험을 수행하였다. 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 초장과 분얼수는 돈분액비 100, 130% 시용구에서 화학비료와 대등하였다. 돈분액비 160% 시용구는 화학비료 시용구 보다 분얼수가 많았고 초장이 큰 과번무 상태를 나타내었다. 백미수량은 돈분액비 100% 처리구에서 410 kg/10a으로 화학비료 처리구에 비해 3% 낮은 수준을 보였으나 돈분액비 130% 처리구는 화학비료처리구와 대등한 수량을 나타내었다. 그러나 돈분액비 160% 처리구에서 화학비료를 시용한 구에 비해 5%의 수량 감소가 있었는데 등숙율 및 천립중 저하가 수량감소의 원인이었다. 백미의 단백질 함량은 돈분액비 100% 시용구에서 6.8%로 화학비료 처리구의 6.9%와 유사하였다. 그러나 돈분액비 130, 160% 시용구에서 7.20~7.68%로 높은 수준이었다. 식미치는 돈분액비 100% 시용구가 73.7로 가장 좋았고 돈분액비 160% 처리구에서 66.9로 식미치가 낮았다. 완전미 비율이 가장 높은 처리구는 화학비료구로서 92.2%이었던 반면 돈분액비 100, 130% 처리구에서는 약간 감소하였다. 돈분액비 160% 처리구의 완전미 비율이 88.9%로 가장 낮았는데, 주원인은 활청미의 비율이 높았기 때문이었다. 현미의 무기성분 중 질소농도는 0.92~0.99% 범위이었는데 처리간 유의적 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 벼의 10a당 질소흡수량은 화학비료시용구에서 15.1 kg으로 돈분액비 100% 시용구의 12.5 kg보다 높은 흡수량을 나타냈다. 돈분액비 100%, 130% 시용구의 토양 중금속 함량은 화학비료 시용구와 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 돈분액비 160% 시용구 토양의 아연, 구리, 비소 함량은 화학비료 시용구 보다 높았다. 따라서 벼의 수량과 품질지수 측면에서는 돈분액비 130%가 유리하였다. 돈분액비 160% 시용구에서는 등숙률과 천립중이 낮아지므로 수량이 감소하였다. 따라서 돈분액비의 양분 이용률을 고려 할 때 130% 범위에서 시용량을 조절하는 것이 벼의 수확량과 품질 그리고 토양의 중금속함량 감소에 유리할 것으로 사료되었다. 그러나 돈분액비 160% 시용구 토양의 아연, 구리, 비소 함량은 화학비료 시용구보다 높았다. 따라서 벼의 수량과 품질지수 측면에서는 돈분액비 130%가 유리하였다. 돈분액비 160% 시용구에서는 등숙률과 천립중이 낮아지므로 수량이 감소하였다. 따라서 돈분액비의 양분 이용률을 고려 할 때 130% 범위에서 시용량을 조절하는 것이 벼의 수확량과 품질 증대, 그리고 토양의 중금속함량 감소에 유리할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.201-201
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• 2017

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: With increasing public awareness to environment-friendly agriculture, many efforts have been run to develop organic farming technologies in Korea as of late 90s. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different organic farming practices on soil chemical properties and water quality in paddy fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored for a two-year period (2006 to 2007) from the study organic paddy fields located in Wan-ju, Jeonbuk Province in Korea. TN and TP of organic paddy water were gradually increased for 2~3 weeks after organic manure application and then gradually decreased afterward. The overall variation of TP in the paddy fields was much greater than that of TN. The phosphorus content in organic paddy field appeared to increase with the organic farming period. CONCLUSION(s): This indicates that long-term organic farming is likely to cause phosphorus accumulation in soils and increase vulnerability to rainfall runoff. Thus, appropriate phosphorus management needs to be implemented, particularly, to reduce excessive phosphorus supply owing to nitrogen-based determination of organic manure application amount.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1996

Recently, a greater interest has been placed on the methods of acration control for management of maloders during composting. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the intermittent aeration method on the composting temperature and chemical components. Combinatoins of cattle manure and rice hulls were placed on a batch composter(3,150-L size) practically designed. The chemical properties of the produced compost were suitable for plant growth, when composting temperature was maintained in the range from 45 to $66^{\circ}C$ for 42 days. It should be noted that cooling effect of intake air was not significant because air temperature was as high as $30^{\circ}C$. Heat and aeration loss from the composter did not affect biomass decomposition by microbes during composting. Mixtures of materials with C/N ratios higher than 30 required longer composting period.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2011

Twenty six microorganisms were isolated from soil and horse manure samples from in Iowa, U.S. Microorganisms were cultivated and screened by using plate count agar (PCA) at $35^{\circ}C$ containing 1% (w/v) oat spelt xylan instead of glucose. The xylanase activities of bacterial strains were analyzed by measuring the concentration of reducing sugar by DNS method. All isolated strains were characterized as the rod form and gram positive strains. Among the isolated strains, the HM6 strains gave the highest xylanase activity. This strain was identified as Bacillus pumilus HM6 by 16S rDNA sequence, morphological and biochemical analysis. Optimal culture temperature and initial medium pH for B. pumilus HM6 were $30-35^{\circ}C$ and pH 6-7, respectively. The maximum xylanase activity of 6879 IU/mL was obtained after growth of HM6 with 1% (w/v) oat spelt xylan at $35^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. Studies on enzymatic properties showed that the optimum conditions for the highest xylanase activity were $60^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.0. In addition, xylanase activity was stable over 2 hours at $50^{\circ}C$, whereas activity decreased after 30 min at $70^{\circ}C$.