• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.67-87
• /
• 1991

The computer program which predicts the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder 4-Stroke cycle spark-ignition engine, can be great assistance for the design and development of new engine. In this study, the computer program was developed to predict the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder four stroke cycle spark ignition engine including intake and exhaust systems. When gas exchange process is to be calculated, the evaluation of the variation of the thermo-dynamic properties with time and position in the intake and exhaust systems is required. For the purpose, the application of the generalized method of characteristics to the gas exchange process is known as one of the method. The simulation model developed was investigated to the analysis of the branch system of multi-cylinder. The models used were the 2-zone expansion model and single zone model for in cylinder calculation and the generalized method of characteristic including area change, friction, heat transfer and entropy gradients for pipe flow calculation. The empirical constants reduced to least number as possible were determined through the comparison with the experimented indicator diagram of one particular operation condition and these constants were applied to other operating condition. The predicted pressures in cylinder were compared with the experimental results over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The predicted values have shown good agreement with the experimental results. The thermodynamic properties in the intake and exhaust system were predicted over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Pressures in the exhaust manifold have a little influence on the equivalence ratio, a great influence on the ignition timing. 2. Pressures in the inlet manifold are nearly unchanged by the equivalence ratio and the ignition timing. 3. In this study, the behaviors of the exhaust temperature, gas in the exhaust manifold were ascertained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2012

Multi-injector rocket engine using high-concentrated hydrogen peroxide and kerosene was designed and manufactured. Design requirements of a rocket engine were determined and main geometrical parameters of rocket engine were determined on the basis of fundament. Six coaxial swirl injectors were mounted on the multi-injector engine. Flow analysis in the hydrogen peroxide manifold was performed to minimize stagnation and recirculation zones. Finally, the optimized hydrogen peroxide manifold was manufactured and cold flow test was carried out to confirm mass flow rate per uni-element, spray pattern and atomization characteristics. The results of cold flow test showed that the mixing head design process was successful and enough to use as a essential database for the development of a full-scale engine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.808-812
• /
• 1996

Reduction gear with internal gear pair need functions such as compact size, high reduction ratios, high transmission efficiency, and low noise. Feasible design region of the internal gear pair with a small tooth difference is extremely limited because the internal gear pair is subject to interference in meshing and cutting. Single-objective optimal design can not simulataneously satisfy the manifold requirements of the internal gear pair and can not determine the economical specification of a pinion cutter. Multi-objective optimal design which include the specification of the pinion cutter in design variables is developed, considering the manufacturing error of an internalgear pair and the re-sharpening of the pinion cutter.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2005

The procedure of conceptual and detailed design of sub-scale combustor using bipropellant swirl or impinging injector with external or internal mixing for a liquid rocket engine are described in this paper. The sub-scale combustor uses liquid oxygen(LOx) and kerosene as propellants and has a injector head, an ablative material combustor wall and a water cooled nozzle. The injector head has LOx manifold, fuel manifold, fire face plate, one center swirl or impinging injector and 18 main swirl or impinging injectors.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1994.10a
• /
• pp.628-633
• /
• 1994

A new Riemannian geometric model for the controlled plant is proposed by imbedding the control vector space in the state space, so as to reduce the dimension of the model. This geometric model is derived by replacing the orthogonal straight coordinate axes on the state space of a linear system with the curvilinear coordinate axes. Therefore the integral manifold of the geometric model becomes homeomorphic to that of fictitious linear system. For the lower dimensional Riemannian geometric model, a nonlinear optimal regulator with a quadratic form performance index which contains the Riemannian metric tensor is designed. Since the integral manifold of the nonlinear regulator is determined to be homeomorphic to that of the linear regulator, it is expected that the basic properties of the linear regulator such as feedback structure, stability and robustness are to be reflected in those of the nonlinear regulator. To apply the above regulator theory to a real nonlinear plant, it is discussed how to distort the curvilinear coordinate axes on which a nonlinear plant behaves as a linear system. Consequently, a partial differential equation with respect to the homeomorphism is derived. Finally, the computational algorithm for the nonlinear optimal regulator is discussed and a numerical example is shown.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2018

In this study, the operability of an FLBT (floating LNG bunkering terminal) was evaluated experimentally. Model tests were conducted in the KRISO (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) ocean engineering basin. An FLBT, an LNG carrier, and two LNG bunkering shuttles were moored side by side with mooring ropes and fenders. Two white-noise wave cases, one irregular wave case, and various regular wave cases were generated. The relative local motions between each LNG loading arm and its corresponding manifold in the initial design configuration were calculated from measured 6-DOF motions at the center of gravity of each of the four vessels. Furthermore, the locations of the LNG loading arms and manifolds were varied to minimize the relative local motions.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.127-130
• /
• 2009

The uniform gas distribution between anode channels of the indirect internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is crucial design parameter because of the electric performance and the durability problems. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed to investigate flow characteristics in the anode channels and manifold under different pressure drop and channel temperature conditions. The combined meshes consists of hexadral meshes in the channels and polyhedral meshes in the manifold are adopted and chemical reactions inside the MCFC system are not included because of computational difficulties associated with the size and geometric complexity of the system. Results indicate that the uniformity in flow-rate is in the range of $\pm$ 0.048 % between the anode channels when the pressure drop of anode channel is about 150 Pa. A gas flow-rate uniformity decreases as the pressure drop of anode channels decreases and as the temperature difference between indirect internal reforming (IIR) channels and anode channels increases.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.07a
• /
• pp.897-900
• /
• 2003

Chemical vapor condensation (CVC) reactor was investigated for the deposition of Parylene-N thin films as the passivation layer for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Several gas inlet manifold designs were tested to improve the deposition rate and its uniformity, and it was found that proper inlet design is crucial to get the desired film properties. Process characterization was also performed with the modified inlets to optimize the process variables.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 1999

In this paper, when N is a compact Riemannian manifold, we discuss the method of using warped products to construct timelike or null future complete Lorentzian metrics on $M{\;}={\;}[\alpha,\infty){\times}_f{\;}N$ with specific scalar curvatures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.65-67
• /
• 2002

대기 중 오염물질의 측정은 크게 채취와 분석의 단계로 구분할 수 있다. 오염물질의 측정과 관련된 정도관리도 당연히 이들 2개의 분야에 대한 각각의 가치를 동일하게 비교하여야 한다. 그러나 아직까지 많은 연구주체들에 의해 시도된 대기관측과 관련된 연구분석의 결과들은 분석의 정도관리에 대해 많은 가치를 부여함에도 불구하고, 채취의 정도관리에 대해서는 나름대로 충분한 검정이 이루어지지 않은 경우를 빈번하게 목격할 수 있다 (Kim and Lindberg, 1994). (중략)