• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

The caregivers of elderly people with dementia suffer an affectation in the psychological and social order due to the low probability of total rehabilitation of the elderly and the progressive course of this pathology. In the municipality of Guisa, Granma Province there is a health problem regarding this problem since family caregivers of the elderly with dementia constantly go to the Psychology and Psychiatry consultations, in search of specialized help because they report feeling depressed. For this reason, this research was carried out with the objective of determining the main manifestations of depression in these caregivers. The results emanating from the triangulation of methods (scientific observation) and techniques (questionnaire, interviews and inventory Beck), employees at three stages of work where it was found that the main manifestations of depression of these caregivers are: poss of interest or the ability to enjoy activities that were previously pleasurable, loss of emotional reactivity to pleasant environmental events and circumstances, sleep disturbances, marked loss of appetite, weight loss, irritability, muscular tension, feelings of sadness unmotivated that produces discomfort and sufferings, ansiety, entities of handicap, blame, loss of self-confidence and feelings of inferiority, gloomy perspective of the future.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

Sleep disordered breathing is highly prevalent in the elderly and affects older men and women similarly. Nocturia, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, traffic accidents and repeated falls are common manifestations of sleep apnea in the elderly and sleep study may be indicated in these patients. When a sleep study is planned, reliable markers of respiratory efforts and a tibial EMG should be included because central sleep apneas and periodic leg movements are common in the elderly patients. Although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seem to be lower in the elderly than in middle-aged adults, these may not be as low as commonly believed. Excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction and nocturia can be improved by effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure and a therapeutic trial should be recommended to all symptomatic patients. It is still unclear whether sleep apnea in older adults is a specific entity or the same disease as in younger adults. Further clinical research is warranted.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2010

Physical manifestations of aging due to the lack of exercise include the slowing down of motor learning, cardiopulmonary degradation, and the increasing difficulty to adapt to the environment. Aging is manifested with the lack of aerobic exercise work, decrease in muscular endurance, decline in skeletal and muscular strength, flexibility and agility, and the decrease in reaction speed and balance. Added to those are aging-related physiological changes, including the reduction of muscle bulk, increased body fat, decrease in total body water and basic metabolic rate as activities are reduced, and a decrease in cell and Lean Body Mass (LBM). These changes are known to cause problems. Interest and participation in appropriate physical activities among the elderly is needed to help them increase stamina, avoid diseases, maintain a clear intellect, and basically enable the elderly to live their daily lives as easy as possible. Therefore, physical activities are necessary for the elderly to enhance health-related factors. Special exercises should be performed for the enhancement of muscle function, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, and balance. An accurate measurement of cardio-respiratory endurance and stamina through basic physical and cognitive characteristics of older adults is also required to ensure safety. Also, the development of a more scientific resistance exercise prescription system for the elderly is desperately needed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2007

Herpes zoster is caused when the varicella zoster virus(VZV) that has remained latent since an earlier varicella infection is reactivated with cutaneous and mucous manifestations. They occur in 20% cases in the trigeminal area and typical manifestations are neuralgias simulating dental pain, also vesicles with an erythematous halo located in the territory of the second and third trigemial branch. They erupt on the skin, the lips, tongue, palate and cheeks. With an ever-increasing number of elderly and immunocompromised patients attending the dentist, the dental profession can expect to encounter an increased number of herpes zoster patients. Furthermore, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be familiar with the presenting signs and symptoms of patients experiencing the prodromal manifestations and oral complication of herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve. As presentation of our patient with ulcer on hard palate caused by herpes zoster, current treatment of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia are discussed.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.204-207
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• 2018

Mycobacterium abscessus comprises rapidly growing mycobacteria, and the clinical manifestations of M. abscessus skin infection include papule, nodule, ulcer, scar and mixed form. The cutaneous infections have been reported due to minor trauma, cosmetic therapy, acupuncture and disseminated infection. A 75-year-old man presented with pruritic diffuse various sized erythematous papuloplaques and pustules on the neck and chest for 2 months. The cutaneous lesions were spread around the wound of the shaving on the neck. The histopathologic findings were consistent with abscess showing infiltrations of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the dermis and negative findings were observed on immunohistochemical stain including acid-fast bacilli stain. One month later, mycobacterial culture result showed positive findings, and the pathogen was identified by reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction with hybridization. The patient was treated with combination of clarithromycin and ethambutol for 5 months and there is no evidence of recurrence after 6 months of follow-up. Herein, we report a case of M. abscessus cutaneous infection through minor trauma caused by shaving in the elderly.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.349-352
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• 2012

A 94-year-old female with end-stage renal disease presents with fever, fatigue, and hematochezia. She had previously resided in Hunan Province, China, and Myanmar, and she immigrated to Taiwan 30 years ago. Colonoscopy revealed a colonic ulcer. Biopsy of the colonic ulcer showed ulceration of the colonic mucosa, and many Paragonimus westermani-like eggs were noted. Serum IgG antibody levels showed strong reactivity with P. westermani excretory-secretory antigens by ELISA. Intestinal paragonimiasis was thus diagnosed according to the morphology of the eggs and serologic finding. After treatment with praziquantel, hematochezia resolved. The present case illustrates the extreme manifestations encountered in severe intestinal paragonimiasis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2022

Background: The most consistently identified mortality determinants for the new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection are aging, male sex, cardiovascular/respiratory diseases, and cancer. They were determined from heterogeneous cohorts that included patients with different disease severity and previous conditions. The main goal of this study was to determine if activities of daily living (ADL) dependence measured by Barthel's index could be a predictor for COVID-19 mortality. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with a consecutive sample of 340 COVID-19 patients representing patients from all over the northern region of Portugal from October 2020 to March 2021. Mortality risk factors were determined after controlling for demographics, ADL dependence, admission time, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, and delay-time for diagnosis. Central tendency measures were used to analyze continuous variables and absolute numbers (proportions) for categorical variables. For univariable analysis, we used t test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test as appropriate (α=0.05). Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. IBM SPSS version 27 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: The cohort included 340 patients (55.3% females) with a mean age of 80.6±11.0 years. The mortality rate was 19.7%. Univariate analysis revealed that aging, ADL dependence, pneumonia, and dementia were associated with mortality and that dyslipidemia and obesity were associated with survival. In multivariable analysis, dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.71) was independently associated with survival. Age ≥86 years (pooled OR, 2.239; 95% CI, 1.100-4.559), pneumonia (pooled OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.362-6.606), and ADL dependence (pooled OR, 6.296; 95% CI, 1.795-22.088) were significantly related to mortality (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, 82.1%; p<0.001). Conclusion: ADL dependence, aging, and pneumonia are three main predictors for COVID-19 mortality in an elderly population.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.621-629
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• 2014

Malaria is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of tropical countries with an estimated 207 million cases globally. In India, there are endemic pockets of this disease, including Aligarh. Hundreds of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax cases with severe pathological conditions are recorded every year in this district. The aim of this study is to find out changes in liver enzymes and kidney markers. Specific diagnosis for P. falciparum and P. vivax was made by microscopic examination of Giemsa stained slides. Clinical symptoms were observed in both of these infections. Liver enzymes, such as AST, ALT, and ALP, and kidney function markers, such as creatinine and urea, were estimated by standard biochemical techniques. In Aligarh district, P. vivax, P. falciparum, and mixed infections were 64%, 34%, and 2%, respectively. In case of P. falciparum infection, the incidences of anemia, splenomegaly, renal failure, jaundice, and neurological sequelae were higher compared to those in P. vivax infection. Recrudescence and relapse rates were 18% and 20% in P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, respectively. Liver dysfunctions and renal failures were more common in P. falciparum patients, particularly in elderly patients. Artesunate derivatives must, therefore, be introduced for the treatment of P. falciparum as they resist to chloroquine as well as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combinations.

• 대한상부위장관⦁헬리코박터학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2018

Spontaneous intramural hematoma is a rare complication of oral anticoagulants, and its incidence is expected to increase because of the increasing number of elderly patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy. Clinical manifestations of spontaneous intramural hematoma vary from mild abdominal pain to intestinal obstruction or acute abdomen. Early diagnosis is important because most patients can be treated successfully without surgery. The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of intramural hematoma is not well established because almost all cases are diagnosed non-invasively with computed tomography scans. However, confirmation of the intramural hematoma through direct visualization of the involved bowel mucosa is helpful, if the imaging diagnosis is uncertain. We report a case of anticoagulant-induced spontaneous intramural hematoma, which was diagnosed using endoscopy, with relevant literature review.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.432-440
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• 2000

연구배경 : 최근 고령자 폐결핵은 우리 나라 및 선진국에서 전반적인 인구의 고령화, 여러 가지 만성 소모성 전신질환과의 동반된 질환, 그리고 노인들의 집단 생활 및 빈곤, 면역 저하 등으로 인하여 65세 이상의 노인 층의 결핵 유병률은 증가하는 추세이다. 이에 저자 등은 고령자 폐결핵에 있어서의 임상적인 특정을 관찰하였다. 방법 : 1993년 5월부터 1998년 5월까지 국립의료원 흉부 내과에 입원하였던 65세 이상의 활동성 폐결핵 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 폐결핵 환자는 총 92예 이었으며 이들에서의 성별분포, 증상, 동반된 질환, 진단, 항 결핵제 및 그 부작용 등에 관하여 임상적인 관찰하였다. 결과 : 1) 고령자 폐결핵 92예 중 남자 62예 여자 30예 였으며 남 여 비는 2.1:1이었다. 2) 내원 시 주 증상은 기침(47.8%), 호흡곤란(40.2%), 객담(38.0%), 흉통(12.0%), 식욕부진(10.9%), 발열(9.8%)등의 순이었다. 3) 폐결핵의 과거력이 있는 환자는 38예(41.3%), 과거력이 없는 환자는 54예(58.7%)이었다. 4) 폐결핵과 동반된 질환으로는 만성 폐쇄성 폐 질환 25예 (27.2%), 폐렴 17예(18.5%), 당뇨병 13예(14.1%), 악성종양 10예(10.9%) 등의 순이었다. 5) 결핵피부 반응검사 상 양성인 환자는 43예(82.7%), 음성인 환자 9예(17.3%)이었다. 6) 항산균 객담 도말 검사에서 39예(42.4%), 결핵균 객담 배양검사 14예(15.2%), 객담 TB PCR 10예(10.9%), 기관지 세척액 항산균 도말 검사 2예(2.1%)등에서 각각 양성이었으며 흉부 엑스선 검사로만 진단된 환자는 23예(25.0%)이었다. 7) 단순 흉부 엑스선상 병변의 부위는 우상폐야 50예, 우하폐야 50예로 가장 많았고 좌하폐야가 26예로 가장 적었다. 8) 동반된 폐외 결핵으로는 기관지 결핵 8예(8.7%), 결핵성 흉막삼출 7예(7.6%), 속립성 결핵 5예(5.4%), 장 결핵 2예(2.2%), 신 결핵 1예(1.1%) 이였다. 9) 1차 약으로 치료한 경우가 85예(92.3%)이었고, 2차약으로 치료한 경우 7예(7.6%)이었으며, 항 결핵제의 부작용으로는 INH 3예(말초 다발 신경염, 과만증, 오심), RFP 2예(혈소판감소증, 과민증), EMB 2예(시력감소, S-Cr 증가), PZA 2예(관절염, 간독성)이었다. 결론 : 고령자에서의 폐결핵은 기침, 객담, 호흡곤란 등 그 경미한 증상에 비하여 병변이 심하며, 전형적인 젊은층 폐결핵 환자와 다른 임상 상을 보이고 기타 만성 소모성 전신 질환과도 잘 동반된다. 따라서 고령자 폐결핵은 쉽게 발견되지 않거나 오진될 수도 있다.