• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.460-465
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• 2003

Microgravity experiments were conducted to determine the effect of liquid and gas superficial velocities on flow behaviors. Flow behaviors observed under microgravity conditions can be classified into five flow patterns: bubble. Taylor bubble, slug, semi-annular and annular flows. Transition boundary between four flow patterns could be determined by drift-flux model. It was also found that the effect of gravity and pipe inclination on flow pattern transition was not significant in the inertia dominant region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.301-301
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• 1999

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose - The objective of this research is to be acquainted with the spending patterns and buying motives of Indian gold consumers along with the opinions of gold traders. Research design, data, and methodology - The study administers a structured questionnaire survey with 450 consumers and conducts personal interviews with 60 gold businesspersons in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, a leading gold consuming state in the entire country. Using Analysis of Variance, the collected data was analyzed and the hypotheses were tested. Results - Results indicate that 85 percent of Indian gold consumers are purchasing gold in the form of ornaments and jewellery as against 10 percent invested in gold coins/bars. Another 5 percent consumers is investing in gold by choosing either gold traded mutual funds or gold schemes introduced by corporate gold traders. Conclusions - Majority of the Indian gold consumers are considering occasions and festivities while buying gold and then giving preference to price as against least preference to recommendations of brand ambassadors.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper examines Kazakh women's spending patterns and buying behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - After thoroughly reviewing the related literature on consumer behavior in general, and female consumer behavior in particular, both questionnaires and in-depth personal interviews were used to collect data from 400 Kazakh women consumers equally chosen from the age groups 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, and above 50. Results - A stratified and convenient sample was employed, and the selected five hypotheses were proved using the Karl Pearson Coefficient of Correlation. Related to spending patterns, 40 and 35 percent of the 20-30 and 30-40 age groups, respectively, of Kazakh women spend their incomes on personal items, as against 30 percent from both the 40-50 and 50 and above age groups. Twenty-five and 35 percent of the 40-50 and 50 and above age group, respectively, take decisions based on product quality, whereas this percentage is at its mite in the below 40 age group. Conclusions - The buying behavior of Kazakh women consumers is revealed; the results proffer useful background information to formulate marketing strategies.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Purpose: The article deals with the proposition that consumers' fashion consumption behavior will still follow the consumption behavior of fast fashion, despite recognizing the importance of slow fashion. Research design, data and methodology: The research model to verify this proposition is topic modelling with big data including unstructured textual data. we combined 5,506 news articles posted on Naver news search platform during the 2003-2019 period about fast fashion and slow fashion, high-frequency words have been derived, and topics have been found using LDA model. Based on these, we examined consumers' perception and consumption behavior on slow fashion through the analysis of Topic Network. Results: (1) Looking at the status of annual article collection, consumers' interest in slow fashion mainly began in 2005 and showed a steady increase up to 2019. (2) Term Frequency analysis showed that the keywords for slow fashion are the lowest, with consumers' consumption patterns continuing around 'brand.' (3) Each topic's weight in articles showed that 'social value' - which includes slow fashion - ranked sixth among the 9 topics, low linkage with other topics. (4) Lastly, 'brand' and 'fashion trend' were key topics, and the topic 'social value' accounted for a low proportion. Conclusion: Slow fashion was not a considerable factor of consumption behavior. Consumption patterns in fashion sector are still dominated by general consumption patterns centered on brands and fast fashion.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.504-509
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• 2011

Recently, construction projects are very complicated and diverse such as high-rise buildings and big bridges, etc. These complicated projects call for a system which can effectively generate productive ideas and activities. Value Engineering (V.E.) activity within construction projects is a necessity for systematic design management and to improve construction ability. This need in the construction industry has required a regular implementation of VE into construction projects. For this reason; America, South Korea, and some other nations have adopted VE applications which control the baseline investments of the construction projects. The process of VE activity is a preferred system and a reasonable alternative. In particular, idea generation within these projects is an important stage in the VE job plan. In this study, VE idea patterns are extracted through best practice analysis from VE cases of road construction projects. Next, we suggest an idea hierarchy model to be used in conjunction with VE idea patterns. This model is supported by reasonable idea generation in VE activity of construction projects. Finally, this model could possibly be the outcome of successful VE results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6327-6332
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• 2014

National cancer registration reports provide a huge potential for identifying patterns and trends of important policy, research, prevention and treatment significance. As summary reports written on an annual basis, the China Cancer Registry Annual Reports (CCRARs) fall short from fully addressing their potential. This paper attempts to explore part of the patterns and trends hidden behind published CCRARs. It extracted data for cancer incidence rates (IRs) and mortality rates (MRs) for 2004, 2006 and 2009 from relevant CCRARs and portrayed 4 kinds of indicators in line graphs. The study showed that: a) all of the line graphs of age-specific IRs and MRs characterized typical "growth curves or histogram"; b) graphs of IRs and MRs for males and urban areas had higher peaks than that for females and rural regions; c) most of the line graphs of IR/MR ratios comprised a starting peak, a secondary peak and a decreasing tail and the secondary peaks for females and urban areas were higher than those for males and rural areas; d) most of the urban versus rural IR ratios valued above one, but most the urban versus rural MR ratios, below one; e) the accumulative IRs and MRs showed a stable increasing trend from 2004 to 2009 for urban areas, but mixed for rural regions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

Cost control is an exceedingly fundamental and important construction business function. Even though enormous research efforts have been exerted in this area, there has been no comprehensive and quantitative study exploring detailed cost control practice of construction companies in terms of practical patterns and trends. This paper identified the variables for practical cost control process first. A survey questionnaire was developed and used in order to collect data from Korean general contractors. Survey results analyzing responses from 45 companies show that engineering aspects of cost management has recently been strongly stressed in the construction industry. Applying various types of progress measurement method are getting popular, and the level of details in collecting job site cost data are prevalent. Cost forecasting are performed more frequently. These trends indicates the recent efforts by Korean general contractors to achieve competitive advantages in the globalized market.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.449-465
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze menu patterns and food group diversity in daycare centers managed by the Center for Children's Foodservice Management in South Korea. Methods: Data from 18 Center for Children's Foodservice Management centers across various provinces (excluding Jeju Island) were analyzed. We examined 8,796 meals served in February, May, August, and December 2021, focusing on seasonal lunch and snack menus for children aged 3-5. Foods were categorized into 19 groups for lunch and 21 for snacks. The frequency of food groups and dietary patterns were assessed using the Dietary Diversity Score. Analyses were conducted using Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 28. Results: Most lunch menus (89%) included five menu items, with a ratio of grain, meat, and vegetables at 88%. Snack menus typically had one item (57%), with significantly more items in the afternoon compared to the morning (P < 0.001). Regarding snack patterns, 75.2% of morning snacks and 61.1% of afternoon snacks contained only one solid food and drink (P < 0.001). Fruit and milk (22.4%) was the most prevalent pattern in morning snacks, while grain and milk (31%) dominated afternoon snacks (P < 0.001). Only 48% of daycare center menus (all snacks and lunch) included all five food groups (grain, meat, vegetables, fruit, and milk). Notably, only 83% included milk and 57% included fruit. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to improve food variety and diversity in the Center for Children's Foodservice Management-managed daycare center menus. Developing more detailed guidelines for menu structure and food composition is crucial to ensure children receive balanced and diverse nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2007

In this paper we analyzed regularity of daily patterns of distribution of Queries coming from internet search engine. And then, we proposed a Pareto distribution and Zipf law for identifying the query distribution and applied them to daily queries on the search engine during 2 week. We found that there is some evidence that Pareto and Zipf laws can be applied to evaluate the regularity of daily patterns of distribution of queries in search engine. Those results can be used to provide a better understanding of the social interests and trends using the query distribution patterns.