• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.133-155
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• 2005

This Paper makes an attempt to suggest a process of automatically generating application software based on the Entity-Relationship model 1. The designer develops an E-R model of an real-world system. 2. The designer inputs the entity and relationship types, and attributes shown in the E-R model, and also the basic operations of the application system to the software generator. 3. The application generator produces database schema and link information between application programs, and then automatically generates a stereo-type application system. In order for the automated application generator to build the application system in a systematic way, four basic program generation rules have been suggested. A set of computer programs have been developed in order to show the applicability of the automated software generation process suggested in this paper. By following each rule with the generator, the designer can build an application in an efficient manner compared with traditional (manual programming) approaches. It has been demonstrated from the case study that the idea of applying an automated generator in systems development based upon the E-R model is feasible.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.560-574
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a hybrid method of Machine Learning (ML) algorithm and a rule-based algorithm to implement a lightweight Named Entity (NE) extraction system for Korean SMS text. NE extraction from Korean SMS text is a challenging theme due to the resource limitation on a mobile phone, corruptions in input text, need for extension to include personal information stored in a mobile phone, and sparsity of training data. The proposed hybrid method retaining the advantages of statistical ML and rule-based algorithms provides fully-automated procedures for the combination of ML approaches and their correction rules using a threshold-based soft decision function. The proposed method is applied to Korean SMS texts to extract person's names as well as location names which are key information in personal appointment management system. Our proposed system achieved 80.53% in F-measure in this domain, superior to those of the conventional ML approaches.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

급변하는 자연언어를 기계가 이해할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 다양한 언어지식자원(linguistic knowledge resources)의 구축이 필수적으로 수반된다. 본 논문에서는 온라인 콘텐츠의 특성을 활용해 언어지식자원을 자동으로 구축함으로써 지속적으로 확장 가능한 방법을 고안하고자 한다. 특히 언어분석 과정에서 가장 활용도가 높은 개체명(NE: Named Entity) 사전을 자동으로 구축, 확장하는데 주안점을 둔다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 개체명 사전 구축대상문서로 위키피디아(Wikipedia)를 선정, 그 특성을 파악하기 위해 다양한 통계 분석을 수행하였다. 이에 기반하여 위키피디아 콘텐츠가 갖는 구문적 특성과 구조 정보 등의 메타데이터를 활용하여 개체명 사전을 구축, 확장하는 방법을 제안한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2004

This ethnographic case-study explores the interpretation and behavior in job considering among full-time housewives. The participants of this study are eleven middle class full-time housewives in their thirties and forties. In-depth interviews based on an unstructured Questionnaire were conducted for this study. Findings are as follows: Six full-time housewives tend to think their full-time housewife-lives more convenient, something unable to substitute and more profitable compared to the counter partner's lives. But they are classified into two groups according to the satisfaction for full-time housewife life. One group has found out more positive meaning in their life but the other group has not yet and they are doubtful about real life and other opportunity. In Contrast, other five full-time housewives tend to interpret employment as a more productive source to secure family resource for their children's education and repay the loan used to buy larger apartment. And the job is considered to confirm her own individuality and the feeling for the social entity as a competent social entity. But two of them who have never been employed do not try to get a job as a new identity alternative. And the various elements like household income, job experience, health, children's age and husband's attitude to his wife's employment etc. are defined to influence the interpretation and the job considering behavior among full-time housewives.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2019

In this study, a system to increase the expressiveness of existing standard terminology using three-dimensional (3D) data is designed. We analyze the existing medical terminology system by searching the reference literature and perform an expert group focus survey. A human body image is generated using a 3D modeling tool. Then, the anatomical position of the human body is mapped to the 3D coordinates' identification (ID) and metadata. We define the term to represent the 3D human body position in a total of 12 categories, including semantic terminology entity and semantic disorder. The Blender and 3ds Max programs are used to create the 3D model from medical imaging data. The generated 3D human body model is expressed by the ID of the coordinate type (x, y, and z axes) based on the anatomical position and mapped to the semantic entity including the meaning. We propose a system of standard terminology enabling integration and utilization of the 3D human body model, coordinates (ID), and metadata. In the future, through cooperation with the Electronic Health Record system, we will contribute to clinical research to generate higher-quality big data.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2022

Network Mobility Basic Support (NEMO BS) protocol has been accredited and approved by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group for mobility of sub-networks. Trains, aircrafts and buses are three examples of typical applications for this protocol. The NEMO BS protocol was designed to offer Internet access for a group of passengers in a roaming vehicle in an adequate fashion. Furthermore, in NEMO BS protocol, specific gateways referred to Mobile Routers (MRs) are responsible for carrying out the mobility management operations. Unfortunately, the main limitations of this basic solution are pinball suboptimal routing, excessive signaling cost, scalability, packet delivery overhead and handoff latency. In order to tackle shortcomings of triangular routing and Quality of Service (QoS) deterioration, the proposed scheme (Diff-FH NEMO) has previously evolved for end-users in moving network. In this sense, the article focuses on an exhaustive analytic evaluation at Home Agent (HA) entity of the proposed solutions. An investigation has been conducted on the signaling costs to assess the performance of the proposed scheme (Diff-FH NEMO) in comparison with the standard NEMO BS protocol and MIPv6 based Route Optimization (MIRON) scheme. The obtained results demonstrate that, the proposed scheme (Diff-FH NEMO) significantly improves the signaling cost at the HA entity in terms of the subnet residence time, number of mobile nodes, the number of DMRs, the number of LFNs and the number of CNs.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1985

The dispute on the object of study in the business management have been carried out since 1912 in Germany, and then it is the situation of "business management" academic world there is no the confirmed object. But P. F. Drucker has prescribed the large enterprise as the object of his study of management, because the large enterprise it the decisive, the representative, and constitutive in modern industrial country. And it is usual that we would consider the large manufacturing enterprise as the object of study. But, in fisheries management, because large fisheries enterprises are almost attached too much to the pelagic fisheries, it is judged that they are not "decisive". And it is judged that they are not "representative", because the large fisheries enterprises can not sufficiently symbolize the managerial characteristic of fisheries industry. The coastal and inshore fisheries which constitute th real part of fishing industry have been operating by private enterprises which are small business in scale, so the large fisheries enterprises could not be considered "constitutive " Therefore, the private fisheries enterprises is "decisive" because it is distributed in all most fisheries management, "representative" because it is exceedingly symbolize the managerial characteristic of fishing industry, and constitutive because it constitute the real part of fisheries industry. From the above-mentioned, it could be concluded that the object of study is regarded the private fisheries enterprise as appropriate as long as it is engaging in producing fisheries product as good and conducts the pursuit of principle of profit maximization. Because the object of study can not include all the thing which has to be observed in order to study, the materialization of the object is actually necessary. And then as aforesaid we intend to realize the materialization through taking the private fisheries enterprise as the object in fisheries management theory. And the materialization does mean a necessary process in choosing the object of analysis, but not the entity itself.choosing the object of analysis, but not the entity itself.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37B권12호
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• pp.1119-1127
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• 2012

최근 이동통신의 새로운 미래 사업으로 주목받고 있는 M2M 통신의 특성 중 하나는 기존의 통신에 비해 단말의 수가 상대적으로 많다는 점이다. 따라서 다수의 단말로부터 발생하는 제어 신호가 네트워크에 혼잡을 발생시킬 수 있기 때문에 3GPP 표준화단체에서는 이를 해결하고자 여러 단말을 하나의 그룹으로 관리하여 불필요한 시그널링 오버헤드를 줄이는 방법에 대해 표준화를 진행 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동성이 같은 다수의 M2M 단말들을 하나의 그룹으로 관리하는 그룹 기반 이동성 관리 방법에 대해 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 이동성이 같은 다수의 M2M 단말을 Mobility Management Entity (MME)가 동적으로 그룹핑하고, 그룹을 대표할 그룹 헤더를 선출하여 그룹 헤더가 그룹을 대표하여 Tracking Area Update (TAU)를 수행하게 함으로써 M2M 단말이 개별적으로 TAU를 수행할 때 발생하는 시그널링 오버헤드를 줄이는 것이다. 제안하는 방법이 기존의 개별적으로 TAU를 수행했을 때보다 최대 80% 정도의 시그널링 오버헤드 감소효과를 보인다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.88-104
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• 2002

According to the change of mandatory referral system in July 1, 2000, the effect to the medical utilization of outpatient clinic and medical income in ophthalmology of tertiary care medical institute, S Hospital in Seoul was evaluated for 6 months before(1999. 12$\sim$2000. 5) and after(2000. 12$\sim$2001. 5). The results were as follows: 1. The number of outpatients was reduced by 16.6%. The number of patient with blindness low vision, retina, glaucoma increased and that of patient with accommodation refractive error, cataract decreased. 2. The number of cataract patients was reduced by 36.6%. The major location of patient's address was changed to nearer to the hospital. The number of cataract surgery reduced in 4.1%, the waiting time reduced in 42.2%, however surgery time increased in 20.2% and number of postoperative complications increased in 11.4%. 3. The income of outpatient clinic and cataract surgery reduced. Among items of outpatient clinic income, the most increased was ocular examination and the most reduced was injection and drugs. Among items of cataract surgery income, the most increased was operation fee and the most decreased was doctor's fee. In conclusion, for the patient, due to the lowered density of outpatient population more space was provided to the patients with more severe disease entity such as blindness' low vision, retina and glaucoma. For the hospital, the need for the expansion of ophthalmology was not found, however that for creation of the special clinics dealing with more severe disease entity was found. Due to reduced income and increased need of financial investment for the equipment and manpower for the more severe disease entity, the ophthalmology of tertiary care medical institute is faced with financial disaster. It is strongly suggested that the cost of medical practice of more severe disease entity be raised to achieve the success after change of mandatory referral system in ophthalmology.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.95-118
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• 2011

In developing information systems, conceptual modeling is among the most fundamental means. The importance attributed to conceptual modeling has not only given rise to a lot of modeling methods, but also to the "yet another modeling approach (YAMA)" syndrome and the "not another modeling approach (NAMA)" hysteria. Criticism of conceptual modeling methods usually targets their lacking of theoretical foundations. In response to such criticism, various approaches towards theoretical foundations of conceptual modeling have been proposed so far. One of the recent responses to the quest for theoretical foundations of conceptual modeling is the reference to the philosophical ontology. The currently most prominent of diverse approaches towards ontological foundations of conceptual modeling appears to be the Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) ontology. Recent approaches attempt to regard BWW ontology as another conceptual data model as well as a criterion for evaluating various conceptual models. However, unfortunately, relatively few researches have been made on interoperability between the Entity-Relationship (ER) model, which is the most dominant conceptual data model, and ontology based model. In this paper, we investigate the interoperability between ontology and the ER model. In detail we (i) reclassify components of ER model with respect to ontology concepts, (ii) identify some components that cannot be directly represented in ontology notation, and (iii) present alternative representations to the components to acquire ontologically clear ER diagrams. Additionally, we (iv) present a set of mapping rules for converting the ontologically clear ER diagram into the corresponding ontology. In a case study, we show the process of converting an ER diagram for a concise Project Management System (PMS) into the ontologically clear ER diagram and the corresponding ontology. We also describe an experiment that we undertook to test whether users understand the Ontologically-Clear ER diagram better.