• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2020

Background: The success rate of intubation under direct laryngoscopy is greatly influenced by laryngoscopic grade using the Cormack-Lehane classification. However, it is not known whether grade under direct laryngoscopy can also affects the success rate of nasotracheal intubation using a fiberoptic bronchoscpe, so this study investigated the same. In addition, we investigated other factors that influence the success rate of fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation (FNI). Methods: FNI was performed by 18 anesthesiology residents under general anesthesia in patients over 15 years of age who underwent elective oral and maxillofacial operations. In all patients, the Mallampati grade was measured. Laryngeal view grade under direct laryngoscopy, and the degree of secretion and bleeding in the oral cavity was measured and divided into 3 grades. The time required for successful FNI was measured. If the intubation time was > 5 minutes, it was evaluated as a failure and the airway was managed by another method. The failure rate was evaluated using appropriate statistical method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also measured. Results: A total of 650 patients were included in the study, and the failure rate of FNI was 4.5%. The patient's sex, age, height, weight, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade did not affect the success rate of FNI (P > 0.05). BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents (P = 0.03), secretion (P < 0.001), and bleeding (P < 0.001) grades influenced the success rate. The AUCs of bleeding and secretion were 0.864 and 0.798, respectively, but the AUC of BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade were 0.527, 0.616, 0.614, and 0.544, respectively. Conclusion: Unlike in intubation under direct laryngoscopy, in the case of FNI, oral secretion and nasal bleeding had a significant effect on FNI difficulty than Mallampati grade or Laryngeal view grade.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2004

목 적：폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증은 병력청취, 이학적 검사, 방사선학적 검사, 수면다원검사로 진단할 수 있는데 이를 임상적으로 검사할 때에는 편도의 비대와 좁아진 구인두의 관찰에 초점을 두어야 한다. 이 연구에서는 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증의 심한 정도를 예측하는데 있어 변형 Mallampati 지수(MMG)와 편도지수(TG)의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법：MMG와 TG는 심한정도에 따라 각각 4군 및 5군으로 나뉜다. 2002년 3월부터 2004년 4월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원에서 코골이와 수면무호흡증으로 수면다원검사와 이비인후과적 검진을 받은 94례를 대상으로 이들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 환자들은 무호흡-저호흡지수(AHI)에 따라 비교군(n=24)과 수면무호흡군(n=70)으로 나누었다. 결 과：변형 Mallampati 지수(MMG)와 편도지수(TG)가 높을수록 높은 AHI 값을 가지며 TG와 MMG 모두 AHI와 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 결 론：MMG와 TG는 수면무호흡증을 진단하는데 신뢰할만한 예측인자이며 치료방법을 결정하는데 유용한 척도가 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2016

Background: Failure to maintain a patent airway can result in brain damage or death. In patients with mandibular prognathism or retrognathism, intubation is generally thought to be difficult. We determined the degree of difficulty of airway management in patients with mandibular deformity using anatomic criteria to define and grade difficulty of endotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy. Methods: Measurements were performed on 133 patients with prognathism and 33 with retrognathism scheduled for corrective esthetic surgery. A case study was performed on 89 patients with a normal mandible as the control group. In all patients, mouth opening distance (MOD), mandibular depth (MD), mandibular length (ML), mouth opening angle (MOA), neck extension angle (EXT), neck flexion angle (FLX), thyromental distance (TMD), inter-notch distance (IND), thyromental area (TMA), Mallampati grade, and Cormack and Lehane grade were measured. Results: Cormack and Lehane grade I was observed in 84.2%, grade II in 15.0%, and grade III in 0.8% of mandibular prognathism cases; among retrognathism cases, 45.4% were grade I, 27.3% grade II, and 27.3% grade III; among controls, 65.2% were grade I, 26.9% were grade II, and 7.9% were grade III. MOD, MOA, ML, TMD, and TMA were greater in the prognathism group than in the control and retrognathism groups (P < 0.05). The measurements of ML were shorter in retrognathism than in the control and prognathism groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Laryngoscopic intubation was easier in patients with prognathism than in those with normal mandibles. However, in retrognathism, the laryngeal view grade was poor and the ML was an important factor.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2015

Airway difficulties are a major concern for anesthesiologists. Even though fiberoptic intubation is the generally accepted method for management of difficult airways, it is not without disadvantages-requires patient cooperation, and cannot be performed on soiled airway or upper airways with pre-existing narrowing pathology. Additionally, fiberoptic bronchoscopy is not available at every medical institution. In this case, we encountered difficult airway management in a 71-year-old man with a high Mallampati grade and a thick neck who had undergone urologic surgery. Several attempts, including a bronchoscope-guided intubation, were unsuccessful. Finally, blind nasal intubation was successful while the patient's neck was flexed and the tracheal cartilage was gently pressed down. We suggest that blind nasal intubation is a helpful alternative in difficult airway management and it can be a lifesaving technique in emergencies. Additionally, its simplicity makes it a less expensive option when advanced airway technology (fiberoptic bronchoscopy) is unavailable.