• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.288-292
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• 2008

Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, has been widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disease. Although olanzapine is less associated with extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome compared to existing typical antipsychotics, the use of this drug has a problematic side effect of weight gain, which may cause metabolic syndrome such as type 2 diabetes. However, there are few hospitals practicing body weight monitoring of the patients on olanzapine or other atypical antipsychotics. The goal of this study was to identify the incidence and severity of weight gain associated with the use of the drug in Korea. We performed body weight monitoring of the patients who were on the drug in a hospital setting. Mean of the weight gain (as of one-month-transformation) was 4.33 and 3.39 kg for the male and female patients, respectively. The incidence in the young patients was higher than that observed in the old patients, and the severity was the highest in patients in their thirties followed by twenties or younger. This result suggests that the pattern of the weight gain associated with the use of olanzapine in Korea is similar to the reports performed and documented in US and European countries. Therefore, it appears that healthcare professionals in Korea should also watch on the weight gain issue in patients who are on olanzapine or other atypical antipsychotics.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

Background and Objectives Various tumor markers have been studied in an attempt to evaluate and decide the optimal treatment of the patients with head and neek squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A nuclear antigen Ki-67 is a proliferative marker of tumor cells in all phases of cell cycle except G0. c-met gene, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth tactor, may play various roles in malignant transformation. The authors evaluated the prognostic significance of Ki-67 and c-Met in surgical specimens of HNSCC to determine the relationship with the various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods Formatin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were obtained from 54 patients with HNSCC. Ki-67 and c-Met expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemical staning and were compared with the clinicopathological characteristics such as, pathologic differentiation, tumor stage, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Results Ki-67 and c-Met over-expression was detected in 66.7% and 90.7% in HNSCC. There was positive correlation of increased expression of Ki-67 with tumor stage. and clinical stage, increased expression of e-Met with tumor stage, clinical stage, and nodal status. The expression of c-Met had a significant positive relationship with Ki-67 index (p<0.05). Conclusion Therefore, Ki-67 and c-Met are useful markers of tumor progression, aggressiveness and prognosis in HNSCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2777-2783
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• 2015

Background: Nestin is associated with neoplastic transformation. However, the mechanisms by which nestin contributes regarding invasion and malignancy of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) remain unknown. Recent studies have shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in invasion and migration of cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of nestin and its correlation with EMT-related proteins in GAC. Materials and Methods: The expression of nestin and EMT-related proteins was examined in GAC specimens and cell lines by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Positive nestin immunostaining was most obviously detected in the cytoplasm, nucleus or both cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells in 19.2% (24/125) of GAC tissues, which was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa tissues (1.7%, 1/60) (p=0.001). Nestin expression was closely related to several clinicopathological factors and EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail) and displayed a poor prognosis. Interestingly, simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear nestin expression correlated with EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail) (p<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.041) and a shorter survival time (p<0.05), but this was not the case with cytoplasmic or nuclear nestin expression. Conclusions: Nestin, particularly expression in both cytoplasm and nucleus, might be involved in regulating EMT and malignant progression in GAC, with potential as an unfavorable indicator in tumor diagnosis and a target for clinical therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.5
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• pp.385-388
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• 2010

Capillary hemangioma of the trachea is an extremely rare benign tumor in adults. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with hemoptysis owing to a tumor of the proximal trachea. The tumor was removed by rigid bronchoscopy. The resulting specimens showed capillary hemangioma without any signs of malignant transformation. This presentation is the first case in Korea. Although tracheal capillary hemangioma is a rare disease, we should consider it as a possible cause of hemoptysis in the young adult.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-45
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• 2017

Eccrine poroma is a common benign cutaneous tumor that originates in an intraepidermal eccrine duct. This tumor exhibits acral distribution (sole, palm), and is rarely encountered in the head and neck area. In fact eccrine poroma in the postauricular area has only been rarely reported. A 55-year-old female visited our hospital with a main complaint of a mass that first developed in the left postauricular area about a year previously. The mass was painless, soft, protruding, domed, and dark red in color, and had slowly enlarged (at presentation it measured $1\times1cm$). Excisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination showed distinct features, and eccrine poroma was diagnosed. Follow-up at 6 months postoperatively showed no recurrence. The frequency of eccrine poroma is dependent on eccrine sweat glands density, and thus, usually occurs on the palms or soles. For eccrine poroma in the head and neck region, the differential diagnosis must rule out other masses, such as nevus, skin tag, pyogenic granuloma, cyst, basal cell carcinoma, and seborrheic keratosis. Importantly, 18% of poromas show malignant transformation, and can develop into porocarcinoma. For these reasons, an eccrine poroma in the facial area requires histological examination, complete excision, and follow-up.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.556-561
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• 2008

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation of a tumor supressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 17. There are two types of neurofibromatosis, and development of neurofibroma is one of clinical diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis. The clinical signs of neurofibromatosis include as skin lesions, bone deformities, and tumors involving central nervous system. About 25% of neurofibromatosis involves oral neurofibroma. Radiographically, oral neurofibroma is well-defined unilocular radiolucency, which involves mandibular canal, mandibular foramen and mental foramen. When a lesion is small and approachable, complete resection, including 1cm of marginal connective tissue, is feasible. However, there are studies reporting that the recurrence rate after surgical resection is high and frequent recurrence may even increase the risk of malignant transformation. This case reports a patient with neurofibromatosis type I, accompanying oral neurofibroma, who shows a favorable result after surgical resection of the oral lesion.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2001

Purpose: Dysplasia or flat adenoma of the stomach is regarded as a precancerous lesion. However, the frequency and the evolutionary process of malignant transformation of gastric dysplasia are still debated. In order to see whether the lesion was a monoclonal or a polyclonal proliferation, clonality was assayed by X-linked HUMARA polymorphism. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded tissue of 16 consecutive cases of endoscopic biopsy, eight of which supplied both dysplastic and nondysplastic tissue for comparison. HUMARA was amplified by PCR with or without pretreatment with methylationsensitive restriction enzyme, HpaII. The amplification products were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel and silver-stained. Results: Among the 16 cases, 13 cases were informative and 3 cases noninformative. Of the 13 cases, one case showed skewed lyonization, rendering 12 cases to be analyzed further. A monoclonal band pattern was noted in 2 cases, and a polyclonal band pattern in 10 cases. A review of the histopathologies of the monoclonal and the polyclonal cases did not reveal features discriminating the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that gastric dysplasia is a disease entity heterogeneous in the genetic level, and many cases may be non-neoplastic.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-106
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• 1998

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor in the parotid gland and a parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is a widely accepted treatment. With the advanced imaging methods such as CT scan or MRI and the developed surgical technique, the incidence of complications in parotid surgery declined considerably. However, when the tumor forms a huge mass after a prolonged period, surgeons tend to hesitate surgical treatment regarding the possibility of facial nerve injury and incomplete resection due to a malignant transformation of the tumor. And this is more likely when the huge tumor arised in the deep lobe of the parotid gland. We present a case of 39-year old man with a giant pleomorphic adenoma arising in the deep lobe of the parotid gland who was treated successfully by total parotidectomy without any complications. The size and weight of the tumor were 20x15x15cm and 1,100gm, respectively. In our experience, because pleomorphic adenoma is well encapsulated and not invasive to the adjacent tissue, even a giant pleomorphic adenoma arising in the deep lobe of the parotid gland can be treated by careful surgical resection with the preservation of the facial nerve.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2005

Both neurilemmoma and neurofibroma are originated from Schwann cell. Plexiform tumor was mostly neurofibroma but Neurilemmoma which has plexiform is extremely rare. So it is important to differentiate plexiform neurilemmoma from plexiform neurofibroma, because plexiform neurilemmoma appears to have neither a significant association with neurofibromatosis nor a propensity for malignant transformation. We report two cases of plexiform neurilemmoma involving the left arm and right foot.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

Purpose: Telomerase activity is generally absent in primary cell cultures and normal tissues. Telomerase is known to be induced upon immortalization or malignant transformation of human cells. Telomerase activity can be increased in immature lymphocytes and activated lymphocytes, but it is not detected in the peripheral blood of normal persons. The authors analyzed peripheral blood telomerase from patients of gastric cancer to evaluate the possibility of using it for diagnosis and as a prognostic factor. Materials and Methods: We obtained blood samples from 11 inflammatory patients and 64 gastric cancer patients. The telomerase activity was measured using the [PCR-ELISA] method. The results were correlated with the T, N, M stage, cell differentiation, vascular, neural, and lymphatic invasion, tumor size, and tumor location. Results: In the 11 inflammatory patients, telomerase activity was not detected while in the gastric cancer patients, a positive rate of $28.1\%$ was noted. The peripheral telomerase activity was not related with tumor size, tumor site, lymphatic and vascular invasion, stage, or histologic differentiation. Conclusion: The peripheral blood telomerase activity for patients of gastric cancer can be utilized as a marker for the diagnosis of not only advanced gastric cancer, but also relatively early stage gastric cancer, but not as a prognostic factor.