• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2005

To determine the deleterious effects of chronic alcohol consumption on bone especially in adolescents or young adults, 8 week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with Lieber-Decarli ethanol liquid diet, containing $36\%$ of energy as ethanol, ad libitum (ethanol group) or isocaloric normal liquid diet (control group) for 7 weeks. Body weight was significantly lower in ethanol group than that in control group after 1 week of feeding to the end. liver weight and the ratio of liver or kidney weight to body weight in ethanol group were significantly increased when compared to those in control group. Ethanol group showed significantly lower serum protein and albumin levels (p<0.05), higher total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels (p<0.05), and AST, ALT and BUN activities than control group, but serum triglyceride, Ca and phosphate levels were not different. Ethanol group had significantly lower tibial trabecular bone area and serum osteocalcin level than control group (p<0.05), but urinary Ca and NTx (cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen) concentrations and serum testosterone and parathyroid hormone levels were not different. In conclusion, chronic alcohol consumption in growing young male rats may result in osteopenia through the reduction of bone formation as well as liver malfunction.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.596-605
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting gone density of university students in Seoul area. Data for food habits, exercise and health-related behaviors were obtained by self administered questionnaires. BQI(bone quality index) of the subjects was measured by an Quantitative Ultrasound(QUS). The results are summarized as follows: The average hight, weight BMI and osteopenia percentage of the male and female student were 173.3cm, 68.6kg, 22.7 and 24.2%; 161.4cm, 54.4kg, 20.9 and 55.5%, respectively. The BQI and Z-score of the subjects were 99.6, -0.3 in male student group, and 82.7, -1.1 in female student group, respectively. Height, weight, fat weight, fat mass and BMI were positively related with BQI in female group. BQI was positively affected by breakfast and frequence exercise in male student group. In female student group, frequency exercise was positively related with BQI. The result of this study revealed that the desirable food habits, dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles may have a beneficial effect on bone density. They should have practically and systematically organized nutritional education on optimum body weight, good eating habits, weight bearing exercise for higher bone density level.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing male rats. Forty male, Sprague-Dawley rats(age 21 days) were assigned to four groups that underwent 9 weeks of experimental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two exercise treatments (treadmill running or sedentary). The exercise and nonexercise group were fed a diet containing casein or soy with rich isoflavones (3.4mg/g protein). The exercise group ran on a rodent treadmill(speed of 15m/min for 30min) three days per week during the 9-week study period. All rats were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content (BMC), total body calcium, spine BMD and BMC, and femur BMD and BMC were determined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The soy diet group appears to have a significantly higher total BMD/weight and total BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight, spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight compared to the casein group in nonexercise and exercise. The exercise group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight compared to the nonexercise group when the protein source was casein. The exercise combined soy group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight, compared to the exercise combined casein group. The results indicate that exercise had a positive influence on bone mineral density and bone mineral content and soy significantly affect on bone mineral density and bone mineral content for the 9 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that exercise combined with a soy diet is most beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing male rats. This convincing evidence suggests that a change in life style such as increasing exercise and consumption of soy protein is a practical strategy for significantly reducing the incidence of osteoporosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2019

In recent times, the number of men with late-onset hypogonadism has increased, and interest on this topic has also increased. This study was conducted to investigate effects of the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus on improve late-onset hypogonadism. The experimental subjects consisted of three groups: a control group consisting of 8-week-old male ICR mice that had undergone no treatment, an aging-elicited group (AE group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice that had undergone no treatment, and a Mixed herbal extract treatment group (MT group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice that had undergone the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus treatment (0.1 g/kg/day) for 6 months. After the experiment, the mice from all the experimental groups were dissected, and they were analyzed through histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus reduces aging-induced cell damage and oxidative stress and increases the secretion of serotonin and B-endorphin in aged mice, and promotes spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules and reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress, and increases androgen receptor, $17{\beta}-HSD$ and GnRH, increases the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fibers in the corpus cavernosum, increases eNOS, decreases PDE-5 and oxidative stress in aged mice, so it improves depression, reproductive, sexual problems caused by Late-onset hypogonadism. the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus inhibits the induction of osteoporosis by increasing decreased bone matrix distribution due to aging, increasing the activities of OPC and OPN, which are produced in osteoblasts, and decreasing RANKL, MMP-3 activity, increasing OPG activity. It also reduces muscle damage, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of muscle tissue, and increases Myo-D in the sartorius muscle of aged mice for improving muscle atrophy caused by by Late-onset hypogonadism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.452-458
• /
• 2003

Soybean is a rich source of isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein. Soy isoflavones have both weak estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects and are structurally similar to tamoxifen, an agent that has an effect similar to that of estrogen in terms of reducing postmenopausal bone loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of differences in protein source (casein vs soy) and isoflavone levels (reduced vs higher levels) on selected bone markers and hormones in growing male rats. Thirty weanling Sprague-Dawley young rats were divided into 3 groups: The control group was fed a casein-based diet, the soy concentrate group was fed soy protein with totally reduced isoflavones content (isoflavones 0.07 mg/g protein), and the soy isolate group was fed soy protein with a higher than normal isoflavones content (isoflavones 3.4 mg/g protein). The degree of bone formation was estimated by measuring serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphoatase (ALP). By determining collagen cross-linkage by immunoassay and correcting with creatinine values, the bone resorption rate was compared. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, estrogen and calcitonin were analyzed using radio immunoassay kits. The bone formation marker and ALP activity were differentiated by protein source, showing higher values than casein in feeding either soy isolate or soy concentrate. In this study using growing rats, the differences in isoflavone contents were not a significant factor in either bone formation or bone reaborption markers. Moreover, the soy isolate group had significantly higher levels of growth hormone than the casein group. The findings of this study suggest that growth hormone is partially responsible for its bone-formation effects in young growing rats. Soy protein and the isoflavones in soy protein are beneficial for bone-formation in growing male rats. Therefore, exposure to soy protein and isoflavones early in life may have long-term health benefits in preventing bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Further study to evaluate the mechanism of action of isoflavones on bones is warranted. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 452∼458, 2003)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 2003

연구배경 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자들은 여러 요인들에 의해 골다공증의 발생이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 골다공증으로 인한 척추골절은 폐기능 및 신체적 활동을 더욱 감소시키고 사망률을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 연구자들은 극히 제한된 환자들이지만 남자 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자들의 골다공증 및 골밀도에 관련이 있는 요인들을 알아보기 위해 본 예비연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 1월부터 8월까지 을지대학병원 호흡기내과에 내원한 남자 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자 44명을 대상으로 골밀도를 측정하였다. 환자들은 폐기능에 따라 세 군으로 나누어 $FEV_1$ 예측치의 65%이상, 예측치의 50-64%, 예측치의 49%이하로 세분하여 나이, 흡연, 음주, 운동, 스테로이드사용 누적량, 신체질량지수, 골밀도 등을 비교하여 보았다. 결 과 : 총 44명의 환자 중 골다공증 환자는 17명(61.4%)이었고, 골감소증 환자는 27명(38.6%)이었으며, 정상 골밀도를 보이는 환자는 한 명도 없었다. 평균 나이는 $69{\pm}9$세, 신체질량지수는 $21{\pm}3kg/m^2$, $FEV_1$은 $50{\pm}18%$, L1-4 T-score는 $-3.0{\pm}1.2$, L1-4 Z-score $-2.0({\pm}1.2)$, L1-4의 골밀도는 $0.76{\pm}0.13g/cm^2$ 이었다. 대상 환자들에서 $FEV_1$과 골밀도는 연관성이 없었다. $FEV_1$에 따른 세 군 간에 흡연, 음주, 운동, 스테로이드사용 누적 사용량, 신체질량지수, 골밀도가 유의한 차이가 없었다. 골다공증 군과 골감소증 군 간에 나이, 흡연, 음주, 운동, 스테로이드사용 누적 사용량, $FEV_1$은 차이가 없었고, 신체질량지수만이 골다공증 군에서 더 낮았다. 다 변량 분석시 골밀도와는 신체질량지수와 운동량이 관련이 있었다. 결 론 : 남자 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 골밀도의 감소는 뚜렷하였으나 폐기능과 골밀도 간에 직접적인 관련이 없었다. 향후 보다 많은 환자를 대상으로 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 골밀도 감소에 영향을 미치는 요인 및 골다공증 치료에 대한 전향적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 2015

This study investigated anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, nutrient intakes, and bone density of Korean elderly men (over 65 yrs). Data on bone density and anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure) and biochemical (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and hemoglobin) characteristics, nutrient intakes, and nutrient density were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008~2011). Subjects were categorized into smoking and non-smoking groups, and smoking groups were divided into three groups by smoking period (under 20 yrs, 21~40 yrs and over 41 yrs). Serum triglyceride concentrations of the smoking group aged 21~40 yrs were higher than those of other groups (P<0.01), whereas other biochemical factors were not different. Intake ratios of energy, protein, phosphorus and sodium in subjects were over 100% of Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans (KDRI). Nutrient densities according to intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin per 1,000 kcal were significantly different among the groups (P<0.05). Bone density of subjects decreased according to smoking period (T-score of total femur in non-smoking group -0.3108, and -0.2918, -0.4941, -0.6847 in smoking group, respectively). Ratio of osteoporosis was 38.1% in the non-smoking group and 44.4%, 51.1%, and 64.0% in the smoking group, respectively. The findings of the present study show that smoking may be associated with bone health, higher ratio of osteoporosis, and low nutrient density in elderly men. Therefore, practical and systematic non-smoking programs are required to improve the bone density of elderly men as well as maintain healthy bone levels and desirable lifestyle.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 1998

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and constitutes one of the most important major pubulic health problems world wide. Therefore, in order to be helped early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is to be needed. Authors has analysed Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of 480 normal adults who visited woo suk unoversity Oriental Meclical Center from April 1998 to July 1998. The aims of this study is to investigate correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and age distribution, to examine the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of age, the peak bone density of lumbar spine was noted around 30 years, and the peak bone density of the femoral neck was noted around 20 years. The age related loss of bone density follows soon after peak density. And the signifficant difference was revealed between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density (p<0.001) 2. In distribution of sex, the bone density in male was signifficantly higher than in female (p<0.001). 3. In the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in obese group was signifficantly higher than in non-obese group. Especially, in female from 50 up to 69 years, BMD had a positive correlation with Body mass index(BMI).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제41권
• /
• pp.26.1-26.7
• /
• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and pharmacoepidemiologic characteristics of medicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw. Methods: The study population is comprised of 86patients who were diagnosed with ONJ at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from 2008 to 2015. Factors for epidemiologic evaluation were gender, age, location of lesion, and clinical history. The types of bisphosphonates, duration of intake, and the amount of accumulated dose were evaluated for therapeutic response. Clinical symptoms and radiographic images were utilized for the assessment of prognosis. Results: Among the 86 patients, five were male, whereas 81 were female with mean age of 73.98 (range 45-97). Location of the lesion was in the mandible for 58 patients and maxilla in 25 patients. Three patients had both mandible and maxilla affected. This shows that the mandible is more prone to the formation of ONJ lesions compared to the maxilla. ONJ occurred in 38 cases after extraction, nine cases after implant surgery, six cases were denture use, and spontaneously in 33 cases. Seventy-six patients were taking other drugs aside from drugs indicated for osteoporosis. Most of these patients were diagnosed as osteoporosis, rheumatic arthritis, multiple myeloma, or had a history of cancer therapy. Higher weighted total accumulation doses were significantly associated with poorer prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dose, duration, route, and relative potency of bisphosphonates are significantly associated with treatment prognosis of osteonecrosis of the jaw.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.108-118
• /
• 1990

It is well known that the glucocorticoid suppresses the osteoblast and the calcitonin suppresses the osteoclast. If the calcitonin prevents the osteoporosis with increased Tc-99m MDP uptake in the long-term use of glucocorticoid, then the calcitonin has some activating effect on the bone formation. The immobilization operation was done on the left hind-leg of 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 300 g each. For 12 weeks after operation,8 rats were injected 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone, and the other 8 rats were injected 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone and $1\;\bar{u}/kg$ eel calcitonin. The bone mineral content was measured by the single photon absorptiometry and the Tc-99m MDP uptake was used as an index of the osteoblastic activity. 1) The Tc-99m MDP uptakes in the dexamethasone treated group were lower than those in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group, and there was no significant difference in Tc-99m MDP uptakes between the immobilized and normal femurs. 2) The bone mineral contents in the dexamethasone treated group were significantly lower than in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group, and the immobilized femurs had tower BMC than normal femurs. 3) The slope of regression between the BMC and Tc-99m MDP uptake was stiff in the dexamethasone treated group, and flat in the dexamethasone and calcitonin group, which shows discrepancy between the bone resorption and formation resulting prevention of net bone loss in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group. In conclusion, the calcitonin has some effect on the bone formation, and further studies with urinary hydroxyproline and cyclic AMP are expected.