• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 1976

Parasitic protozoans of fish, such as Chilodonella, Costia, Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius are effectively eradicated by treating with a mixture of $50\~60\;ppm$ formalin, 0.2 ppm malachite green and 0.6 ppm dipterex in water recycling aquariums. In this case any histopathological changes in the gill of fish were not observed. The parasites began to disappear 6 hours after treatment. Upon increased concentrations of formalin of 130 to 140 ppm, a significant change on the epithelium of gills was observed in $24\~48\;hours $ after treatment. In this case gill epithelium degenerated and necrosis of the gill lamella supporting cells follows.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.476-480
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• 2004

A simple, rapid, reproducible and selective UV-Visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of germanium in a week acid medium (pH = 3.0) in the presence of mandelic acid (MA) and malachite green (MG). A single extraction in chlorobenzene was used for the analysis. The germanium-MA ion association complex exhibits an absorption maximum at ${\lambda}_{max}=618nm$ with MG as counter ion and has an apparent molar absorptivtity of $1.313{\times}10^5L\;mol^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$. The values obtained by this UV-Visible spectrophotometric method are in good agreement with the values from inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer analysis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.791-795
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• 2008

In order to establish the method to prepare and use the sulfur dioxide gas generating agent in low temperature storage of grape fruits, the $SO_2$ generation capacity from various sulfite compounds was investigated, and the method to regulate $SO_2$ gas generation and to detect the gas was developed. The conidial germination and mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea which causes gray mold disease during grape fruit storage was completely inhibited at the $SO_2$ gas concentration of 400 ppm and 3200 ppm, respectively. Sodium hydrosulfite generated the most amount of $SO_2$ gas among the investigated 5 different sulfite or bisulfite compounds. By adjusting the number of pinholes on packaging film of the compound or by adding pH adjusting agent, e.g. citric acid or phosphates, it was possible to regulate the amount and duration of $SO_2$ gas generation from the compound. Because malachite green was quantitatively discolored by $SO_2$ gas, the solution or impregnated paper with the compound could be practically utilized as a indicator detecting $SO_2$ gas. Finally, when Muscat Bailey A grape was stored at low temperature with $SO_2$ gas generating agent, the disease incidence was reduced after storage.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2019

In this study, Malachite Green (MG) dye removal from synthetic wastewaters by adsorption process using raw boron enrichment waste (BEW) and it's modifications (with acid and ultrasound) were aimed. 81% MG removal was obtained by BEW at optimum equilibrium conditions (time: 40 min., dosage: 500 mg/dm³, pH: 5-6, speed: 200 rpm, 298 K). MG removal from wastewaters using acid modified boron enrichment waste (HBEW) was determined as 82% at optimum conditions (time: 20 min., dosage: 200 mg/dm³, pH: 10, speed: 200 rpm, 298 K). For ultrasound modified BEW (UBEW), the highest MG removal percent was achieved as 84% at optimum conditions (time: 30 min, dosage: 375 mg/ dm³, pH: 8, speed: 200 rpm, 298 K). The equilibrium data of Malachite Green was evaluated for BEW, HBEW and UBEW adsorbents by using sorption isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, out of which Langmuir model (R² = 0.971, 0.987 and 0.984) gave better correlation and maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 147.05, 434.78 and 192.30 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation for sorption of MG onto wastes. A look at thermodynamic data reveals that natural sorption is spontaneous and endothermic because of free negative energy exchange and positive change in enthalpy, respectively. The results indicated that boron enrichment waste, and HCl and ultrasound-modified boron enrichment waste served as good alternative adsorbents in dye removal from wastewater.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.371-376
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• 2014

A novel three-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction was developed for the determination of malachite green (MG) in environmental waters, which selected [BMIM][$PF_6$] mixed with 1% trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as supported phase. Several parameters (accepter phase pH, sample pH, supported phase membrane, volume of accepter phase, salinity, extraction time) that could affect extraction performance were investigated. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the established approach showed excellent characters as: high enrichment factor (212), wide linear range ($0.20-100{\mu}gL^{-1}$), low detection limit ($0.01{\mu}gL^{-1}$), good reproducibility (RSD, 8.9%, n=5) and satisfactory recovery (84.0-106.2%). The method was applied to detect MG at Yangtze River and pond waters in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, and 4 sites among 15 sampling sites were found MG with the concentration of $1.73-11.06{\mu}gL^{-1}$, which confirmed that the proposed environmentally friendly method was simple and effective for monitoring MG in aquatic system.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study is to determine the species of red and green pigments used on paintings of Korean temples and also to compare the two pigments according to the particle characteristics. The component analysis shows that the red pigment consists of cinnabar, hematite, and minium and the green pigment are composed of atacamite, celadonite, and malachite. The result suggests that mixture of various pigments were applied to the painting. When it comes to the particle characteristics, there are various hedral or anhedral shapes such as sharp, long, angular, and platy shapes even in the same cinnabar. In addition, the green pigment also shows a similar pattern with those of the red pigment. Up to now, an identification of minerals has been relied on examination of component and crystal shape. However, it is notable that using form related characteristics can be a better and useful method not only for categorization of pigments which are similar in terms of color and species but also specific index.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2008

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.48-69
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• 1953

"Kimchi", which is a main side-dish on Korean table is the pickled vegitables with seasoning substances : such as onion red pepper, salt, water and etc. In this paper, the variation of pH, acidity (calculated as lactic acid) and sugar contents (calculated as dextrose) are investigated during the fermentation period of Kimchi and the effects of antiseptics (Brilliant green, malachite green, sodium benzate, salicylic acid, P-dichlor amino sulfonyl-benzoic acid) and hydrochlonic acid to prevent spoiling are studied on the Kimchi which is prepared by a simple method in this laboratory.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.863-868
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• 2006

The partial least squares (PLS-1) calibration model based on spectrophotometric measurement, for the simultaneous determination of sulfite and sulfide is described. This method is based on the difference between the rate of the reaction of sulfide and sulfite with Malachite Green in pH 7.0 buffer solution and at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. The absorption kinetic profiles of the solutions were monitored by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of Malachite Green at 617 nm in the time range 10-180 s after initiation of the reactions with 2 s intervals. The experimental calibration matrix for partial least squares (PLS-1) calibration was designed with 24 samples. The cross-validation method was used for selecting the number of factors. The results showed that simultaneous determination could be performed in the range 0.030-1.5 and 0.030-1.2 $\mu$g m$L ^{-1}$ for sulfite and sulfide, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of sulfite and sulfide in water samples and whole human blood.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1421-1430
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• 2009

With an aim to evaluate dye decolorization by white rot fungus on natural living conditions, reproducing by solid-state fermentation, the process of triphenylmethane dyes decolorization using the white rot fungus P. ostreatus BP, cultivated on rice straw solid-state medium, has been demonstrated. Three typical dyes, including malachite green, bromophenol blue, and crystal violet, were almost completely decolorized by the fungus after 9 days of incubation. During the process of dye decolorization, the activities of enzyme secreted by the fungus, and the contents of soluble components, such as phenolic compounds, protein, and sugar, changed regularly. The fungus could produce ligninolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes and laccase was the most dominant enzyme in solid-state medium. Laccase, laccase isoenzyme, and the laccase mediator could explain the decolorization of malachite green, bromophenol blue, and crystal violet by the fungus in solid-state medium, respectively. It is worth noting that the presence of the water-soluble phenolic compounds could stimulate the growth of fungus, enhance the production of laccase, and accelerate dye decolorization.