• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.587-591
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• 2001

This paper deals with inspect algorithm using visual system. One of the major problems that arise during polymer production is the estimation of the noise of the color product.(bad pallets) An erroneous output can cause a lot of losses (production and financial losses). Therefore new methods for real-time inspection of the noise are demanded. For this reason, we have presented a development of vision system algorithm for the defect inspection of PE color pallets. First of all, in order to detect the edge of object, the differential filter is used. And we apply to the labelling algorithm for feature extraction. This algorithm is designed for the defect inspection of pallets. The labelling algorithm permits to separate all of the connected components appearing on the pallets. Labelling the connected regions of a image is a fundamental computation in image analysis and machine vision, with a large number of application. Also, we suggested vision processing program in window environment. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposal algorithm.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2020

Optimal design of structures against earthquake loads is often limited to reduce initial construction costs, while the cost induced to structures during their useful life may be several times greater than the initial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the indirect costs due to earthquakes in the design process. In this research, an integrated methodology for calculating life cycle cost (LCC) of moment-resisting concrete frames is presented. Increasing seismic safety of structures and reducing human casualties can play an important role in determining the optimal design. Costs incurred for structures are added to the costs of construction, including the costs of reconstruction, financial losses due to the time spent on reconstruction, interruption in building functionality, the value of people's life or disability, and content loss are a major part of the future costs. In this research, fifty years of useful life of structures from the beginning of the construction is considered as the life cycle. These costs should be considered as factors of calculating indirect costs of a structure. The results of this work represent the life cycle cost of a 4 story, 7 story, and 10 story moment-resisting concrete frame by details. This methodology is developed based on the economic conditions of Iran in 2016 and for the case of Tehran city.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2020

Power cables made of high temperature superconductors (HTS) are considered as most advanced applications of superconductivity for electro-energetics. Several cables made of the First Generation (1G) HTS wires have been produced and installed to electrical grids worldwide. Power cables made of the Second Generation HTS wires (2G or Coated Conductors) are in active development. Most basic principles of HTS power cables development have been published in many works since 90-ties. In this Review we would like to present our new developments mostly directed to 2G HTS compact power cables. We are presenting the methods to optimize a design of 2G AC compact power cable providing uniform current distribution among cable layers and the production technology approaches to implement such a design. AC losses measurements in such cables and other test methods are described. Some problems of the development 2G HTS power cables with small diameters are discussed. We presented as examples designs, developments and test results of two major coaxial cables designs: single-phase (cable core and a shield) and three-phase (triaxial: with three coaxial phases).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.917-925
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• 2014

An accurate feed formulation is essential for optimizing feed efficiency and minimizing feed cost for swine and poultry production. Because energy and amino acid (AA) account for the major cost of swine and poultry diets, a precise determination of the availability of energy and AA in feedstuffs is essential for accurate diet formulations. Therefore, the methodology for determining the availability of energy and AA should be carefully selected. The total collection and index methods are 2 major procedures for estimating the availability of energy and AA in feedstuffs for swine and poultry diets. The total collection method is based on the laborious production of quantitative records of feed intake and output, whereas the index method can avoid the laborious work, but greatly relies on accurate chemical analysis of index compound. The direct method, in which the test feedstuff in a diet is the sole source of the component of interest, is widely used to determine the digestibility of nutritional components in feedstuffs. In some cases, however, it may be necessary to formulate a basal diet and a test diet in which a portion of the basal diet is replaced by the feed ingredient to be tested because of poor palatability and low level of the interested component in the test ingredients. For the digestibility of AA, due to the confounding effect on AA composition of protein in feces by microorganisms in the hind gut, ileal digestibility rather than fecal digestibility has been preferred as the reliable method for estimating AA digestibility. Depending on the contribution of ileal endogenous AA losses in the ileal digestibility calculation, ileal digestibility estimates can be expressed as apparent, standardized, and true ileal digestibility, and are usually determined using the ileal cannulation method for pigs and the slaughter method for poultry. Among these digestibility estimates, the standardized ileal AA digestibility that corrects apparent ileal digestibility for basal endogenous AA losses, provides appropriate information for the formulation of swine and poultry diets. The total quantity of energy in feedstuffs can be partitioned into different components including gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy based on the consideration of sequential energy losses during digestion and metabolism from GE in feeds. For swine, the total collection method is suggested for determining DE and ME in feedstuffs whereas for poultry the classical ME assay and the precision-fed method are applicable. Further investigation for the utilization of ME may be conducted by measuring either heat production or energy retention using indirect calorimetry or comparative slaughter method, respectively. This review provides information on the methodology used to determine accurate estimates of AA and energy availability for formulating swine and poultry diets.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2006

This research is a development of useful S/W program for real industry about optimal product scheduling in real plant for manufacturing polymer products. For this, we used a fine model with total amount of losses in weight(ton) as an objective for optimal scheduling and a genetic algorithm for optimization in this factory they manufacture three different products. Major products are A and B but the product which can be process in the period of products change over. They also sells them as a chap product in market. The major products have several types of packing process-bulk, pack for domestic market, pack for export. The demands of product with each packing type are increased, and frequently they failed keep the deadline for sail. Based on realistic production situation, we composed a fine modeling for optimal scheduling. And we also develop a S/W program for optimal scheduling which can be used by non-specialist in scheduling problem. We used a modified genetic algorithm and it gave us a better solution in process. We can have a result of reducing the total amount of losses in weight by half compared with the losses when existing production schedule.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2015

Rice Blast is the most devastating disease causing major yield losses in every year worldwide. It had been proved that using resistant rice varieties would be the most effective way to control this disease. Molecular screening and genetic diversities of major rice blast resistance genes were determined in 192 rice germplasm accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The genetic frequencies of the 10 major rice blast resistance genes varied from 19.79% to 54.69%. Seven accessions IC337593, IC346002, IC346004, IC346813, IC356117, IC356422 and IC383441 had maximum eight blast resistance gene, while FR13B, Hourakani, Kala Rata 1-24, Lemont, Brown Gora, IR87756-20-2-2-3, IC282418, IC356419, PKSLGR-1 and PKSLGR-39 had seven blast resistance genes. Twenty accessions possessed six genes, 36 accessions had five genes, 41 accessions had four genes, 38 accessions had three genes, 26 accessions had two genes, 13 accessions had single R gene and only one accession IC438644 does not possess any one blast resistant gene. Out of 192 accessions only 17 accessions harboured 7 to 8 blast resistance genes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2021

Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) is a widely cultivated and commercially important fruit crop, which is occasionally subject to severe economic losses due to latent viral infections. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine and provide a comprehensive overview of virus populations infecting a major pear cultivar ('Singo') in Korea. From June 2017 to October 2019, leaf samples (n = 110) of pear trees from 35 orchards in five major pear-producing regions were collected and subjected to RNA sequencing. Most virus-associated contigs matched the sequences of known viruses, including apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV). However, some contigs matched the sequences of apple green crinkle-associated virus and cucumber mosaic virus. In addition, three complete or nearly complete genomes were constructed based on transcriptome data and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Based on the number of virus-associated reads, ASGV and ASPV were identified as the dominant viruses of 'Singo.' The present study describes the virome of a major pear cultivar in Korea, and looks into the diversity of viral communities in this cultivar. This study can provide valuable information on the complexity of genetic variability of viruses infecting pear trees.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2020

This study pertains to direction of exports direction of major agricultural commodities viz., rice, maize, bengal gram, chillies and cotton from India. In the ensuing next decade during 21st century, India is likely to witness changes in the export pattern of these commodities due to both internal and external constraints. One of the major internal constraints is mounting cost of production. Similarly, one of the most important external constraints include excessive subsidization by importing countries that makes Indian commodities less competitive in the international market. So, the important research question is to analyse the direction of exports of major agricultural commodities from India during post-WTO regime. The dynamic nature of trade pattern of the selected commodities was analyzed by employing the first order Markov process by examining gains and losses in respect of export shares of major Indian agricultural commodities to different countries. During the post-WTO regime, it was found that Saudi Arabia for rice, Bangladesh for maize, Pakistan for bengal gram, Malaysia for (dry) chillies, China, mainland for cotton are the loyal destinations for the commodities. The increasing demand for the selected commodities in countries like Saudi Arabia, Côte d'Ivoire for rice; Malaysia for maize; Pakistan and Algeria for Bengal gram; USA and Sri Lanka for (dry) chillies and Vietnam, Pakistan and Indonesia for cotton need to be explored for augmenting the exports. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential that consumer preferences in newer markets, market intelligence and impediments for augmenting exports need to be researched. It is also high time to analyze the export competitiveness of selected commodities across these importing countries.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2008

Recently, the major viral diseases, Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB), low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), avian pneumovirus infection (APV), Marek's disease (MD) and infectious bursal disease (IBD), have led to huge economic losses in chicken industry of Korea. To evaluate prevalence of the major viral disease infections in broiler breeder and broiler farms, epidemiological survey has been conducted in Jeonbuk province from 2005 to 2007 by serological ELISA test for APV, PCR for MD, and RT-PCR for ND, IB, LPAI and IBD, respectively. A total of 424 cases was submitted to our laboratory for diagnosis of the major viral disease from broiler breeder and broiler farms in the above period. The diagnosed results were analysed for the detection rate of infections on basis of years, seasons and ages, respectively. This study was showed that the detection rates of ND and APV were considerably high for every years regardless of seasons and ages in both broiler breeder and commercial broiler. In comparison with detection rates of ND and APV, IB and LPAI were lower but detected around 10% for every years. Especially, detection rate of IB was significantly high in commercial broiler than in broiler breeder. Therefore, to minimize economic losses for broiler breeder and broiler farms, it will need for effective countermeasures to decrease detection rate of the viral respiratory diseases. Although the detection rates of MD and IBD were gradually decreased from 2005 to 2007 in both broiler breeder and commercial broiler, it will continually make an effort about disease control for increasing productivity in chicken industry.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.524-532
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high post-mortem temperature application on development of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) turkey meat characteristics in terms of local slaughter conditions. Within this scope, it was targeted to obtain PSE-like muscles benefiting from different post-mortem temperature applications. Immediately after slaughter, turkey Pectoralis major (n=15) muscles were kept at various post-mortem temperatures (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40℃) for 5 h. pH values of 40°C treatment were lower than four other treatments (p<0.05). L* values, drip loss, cook loss, and thawing loss of 40℃ group were higher than the other groups (p< 0.05). Napole yield of 40℃ treatment indicated that high post-mortem temperature decreases brine uptake. Protein solubility of 40℃ group was lower than 0℃ group (p<0.05). Expressible moisture did not differ between 0 and 40℃ treatments. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of 40℃ treatment were higher than 0℃ treatment. The results of this research showed that high post-mortem temperature treatment induced development of PSE-like turkey meat, with lower pH, paler color, higher technological and storage losses, and reduced protein solubility and texture.