• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.2042-2049
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• 2019

Ten gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material obtained from NIST, USA. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) installed at National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan has been used as a reliable and improved technique to determine concentration of various major/trace and toxic elements e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ti, Cd, Ga, Cr, V and Ni, in the Gizzard and Flesh samples of the broiler. The concentrations of all the detected elements in the samples are statistically significant. The certified and measured values of the elements in the reference material were in agreement with each other within a deviation of 7%. S, Cl, K and Ca are within tolerable limits and are good for human consumption. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were more than the acceptable limits of World Health Organization, WHO whereas Ga, As, Sn, Sb and Pb are not detected in most of the samples.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.10
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• pp.1-40
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• 1989

Between 1976 and 1984 approximately 26.7 tons of Chinese coins were recovered from a shipwreck which was found at the seabed of the Shin an area in the south-western coast of the Korean peninsula. Elements, Cu, Pb, Sn, Fe, Sb, As, Zn, Ag, Ni, Co and Mn, of 54 pieces of the coins were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-AIS). The result shows that Ch, Pb, and Sn were found to be major elements roughly the coins with the ratio of 7 : 2 : 1, respectively. Trace elements were classified into 3 levels according to the avarage concentration : Fe,As and Sb(0.1-0.5%), Ag, Mi, Co and Zn(100-1000ppm) and Mn(10ppm). Some systematic tendencies are observed in the composition change with a function of their minting ages .The Wuzhu coins(오수전) from the Eastern Han dynasty(A.D.25-219 )are much more abundant in Cu than the coins of Tang dynasty(A.D.618-907) and later periods. Major element compositions of the Kai -tong Vuan-Bao(개통원보) coins from the Tang dynasty, were remarkably variable. In general, however, the Tang dynasty coins were much more abundant in Cu than the Song dynasty(A.S.S60-1279) coins. The amount of major elements Cu and Sn decreases while that of Pb in creasesby passage of age from the Bei Song dynasty(A.D.960-1127) to later Nam Song dynasty (A.D.1127-1279 ). It means that the quality of coins mere degraded. The amounts of trace elemends(Fe, As, Co, Hn) increases with the above age. High amounts of trace elements are supposed to be a reflection of immaturity of minting techniques or use of impurity-rich raw materials. The Jin dynasty(A.D.1125-1234) coins are found to be rich in Sn and thus contain Pb as the third component. It is quite different from the coins of the Song dynasty. The Zhi-dai Tong-Bao(지대통보) coins of the Yuan dynasty from A.0.1310 are much more abundant in Cu and Sn than those of the Nam Song dynasty .

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 1997

The serum concentrations of the major minerals(calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium) and trace elements(iron, Zinc, copper manganese)were datermined in 23 breast fed infants living in Eumsung, Choong-buk region. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1)The mean levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium of the serum of total subjects were 8.15$\pm$0.33mg/dI, 11.06$\pm$0.16mg/dI, 2.00$\pm$0.14mg/dI, 3.4476$\pm$17.99mg/dI and 9.06$\pm$2.04mg/dI respectively. 2)The serum concentrations of iron, zinc, copper and manganese in total subjects averaged 95.83$\pm$0.33mg/dI, 93.79$\pm$7.06$\mu$g/dI and 98.57$\pm$7.06 $\mu$g/dI and 4.93$\pm$0.62$\mu$g/dI respecitively. 3)Breast fed infants had significantly higher serum calcim, magnesium, sodium and iron concentrations than the formula fed groups. Otherwise, serum potassium, copper and manganese levels in breast milk fed infants were significantly lower than those in formula fed infants. 4) In formula fed infants, serum potassium and copper levels increased increased significantly with months after birth.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 1996

Quaternary Jungok basalts are distributed along the old Hantan river in Mid-Korean Peninsula. They were flowed out from Mt. Ori and Upland (680 m), and they formed narrow and long basalt plateau showing the layers of 10 to 20 meters in thickness and about 95 km in length. Fifty seven samples were collected from the study area, and sixteen rock samples were selected and analysed for major and trace elements. The analyzed samples have alkalic composition and show a relatively restricted variation in major element chemistry (except MgO), as comparing to the that of trace element. Based on major element chemistry, a quantitative modelling of fractional crystallization by multiple linear regression method suggests that the chemical evolution of the evolved rocks can be generated by fractionation of olivine, plagioc1ase, clinopyroxene, and magnetite in proportion of 56 : 25 : 17 : 2, respectively. The calculated trace element abundances by mineral proportions estimated from major element modelling, however, underestimate the incompatible element concentrations in the evolved rocks. According to the incompatible element abundances, simple fractional crystallization process has difficulty to explain the chemical variation of the evolved rocks. It seems that the other processes, which enrichment of incompatible elements can occure without concomitant changes in major element compositions, are needed in order to explain the chemical variation of the Jungok basalts. Thus, the major elements and compatible trace elements variations of the Jungok basalts are due to fractional crystallization, but the incompatible elements variation is due to fractional crystallization superimposed on already varying concentrations caused by slightly different degrees of melting of the same source, and/or due to periodic replenishment, tapping and fractionation(RTF) processes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1976

A nondestructive, instrumental neutron activation analysis using a Ge(Li) detector is applied to investigate the present levels of mercury and other trace elements in some fresh-water fish. The results show large variations of mercury content which are indicative of important local sources and indicate the inter-dependence relations between two of some trace elements. Analytical results for mercury in antracites are also given with the concern for their combustion as one of major causes of the mercury pollution.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.245-258
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• 1992

The variations of certain major and trace elements of the Onjong granite mass was studied on the basis of petrological and geochemical characteristics and compared with those of the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses in order to investigate the geochemical differences of the granitic rocks in relation to mineralization between Pb-Zn ore district and Pb-Zn-Mo-W ore district in Kyeongsang basin. The Onjong granite mass is classified into granodiorite and monzo-granite, and the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses into monzo-granite by the Streckeisen's diagram. Between both granite masses there are clear differences in contents of certain major elements and lithophile trace elements. The former have high contents of Ca (2.94%), Mg (1.66%) and Sr (365 ppm), and low contents of K (3.52%), Na (3.51%), Rb (116 ppm), Ba (640 ppm) and Li (18.9 ppm), whereas the latter have high contents of K (4.02%), Na (4.28%), Rb (145 ppm), Ba (695 ppm) and Li (19.3 ppm), and low contents of Ca (1.42%), Mg (0.43%) and Sr (161 ppm). Except for Mo, there are not clear differences in chalcophile trace elements between two granite masses: the Onjong granite mass has higher Mo content (7.1 ppm) lnan that (1.7 ppm) of the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses, but Pb and Zn contents are similar between the Onjong granite mass (Pb=8.7 ppm, Zn=37.1 ppm) and the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses (Pb=7.8 ppm, Zn=39.8 ppm). Ca and Sr contents of the Onjong granite mass (Ca> 1.5%, Sr> 270 ppm) are higher than those of the Eonyang- Yucheon granite masses (Ca<1.5%, Sr<270ppm), and Rb/Sr, Rb-Rb/Sr and K-Rb/Sr ratios are clearly distinguishable between the Onjong granite mass(Rb/Sr<0.51, Rb-Rb/Sr>250 and K-Rb/Sr>5.2) and the Eonyang- Yucheon granite masses (Rb/Sr>0.51, Rb-Rb/Sr<250 and K-Rb/Sr<5.0). Thus, variations of certain major and trace elements and ratios are applicable as geochemical index to distinguish the types of mineralization of the ore districts related to the Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Kyeongsang basin.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 1994

The Cretaceous granitic rocks show differences in rock types and chemical compositions according to metallogenic provinces of copper, lead zinc and molybdenum in the Gyeongsang basin. Jindong granites are of granodiorite~quartz diorite~diorite in Cu-province; Makeunsan/Yucheon-Eonyang granites, granodiorite~granite in Pb Zn-province; Onjeongri-Yeonghae granites, granodiorite~quartz diorite in Mo-province, and there is a trend that productive masses are less differenciated than barren masses in Cu and Pb-Zn provinces whereas productive masses are more differenciated than barren masses in Mo province. Metallogenic provinces are distinguishable by variations of major and trace elements. The Cretaceous granitic rocks are highest in the content of Ca, Mg and other basic major elements and lowest in the content of K and Na in Cu provicne; the variation trends are vice versa in Pb-Zn province. Trace elements such as Rb and Sr show variations related to K and Ca, and metallogenic provinces are also distinguishable by their ratios. The granitic rocks of Mo province have intermediate content of major and trace elements, but are clearly distinguishable from Jindong granites and partly overlapped by Yucheon-Eonyang granites. Chlorine content in biotites is higher in a productive mass than in a barren mass in Cu province. Therefore, the mineralogical and chemical compositions are applicable as geochemical index to distinguish the types of mineralizaion, and productive and barren masses of the Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Gyeongsang basin.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

This study examined evaluation on stabilization of major and trace elements in tailings by various surface water-preventing materials. Six columns were filled with tailings of the Sinlim mine, then covered with tailings only, compacted soils, clay, soil-bentonite mixture, pozzolan and bentonite mat. After injection of artificial rain water, the leachate was sampled with times (3, 6, 9 and 12 pore volume) and analysed for major (Ca, Na, Mg, K) and trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) by ICP-AES. With exception to pozzolan type, the pH values of leachate from the other types became stabilized from 5.5 to 7.5, and EC (electric conductivity) of leachate from them decreased with times. For the pozzolan type, however, the pH and EC of leachate increased with time due to its alkalinity producing system. Concentrations of most major and trace elements in leachate decreased and stabilized with time. Consequently, soil-bentonite mixed cover shows the best ability of water-preventing and reducing mobility of elements in tailings site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2004

The importance of a proper sample preparation and analysis technique has getting attention due to the complicity of toxic elements of interest from environmental samples depend on analytical purposes. It is critical to use proper analytical method to evaluate trace elements concentration in many environmental samples especially for making remediation decisions. Therefore, it is critical to apply a proper sampling and analytical method such as EPA publication SW-846 (Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/chemical Methods). The objective of this study was to compare the USEPA Methods 3050B, modified 3050B, 305 la, and KBSI method (modified EPA 3052 Method) in term of recovery rate of metals. The NIST SRM (Montana soil) was used to compare the extraction and digestion efficiency. After sample has been collected the analysis were achieved by ICP-MS (Elan 6100, Perkin Elmer) as well as ICP-AES (Ultima 2C, JY) for trace elements and major elements.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.553-566
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• 1997

Origin, behavior and enrichment of environmental toxic elements from the Deokpyeong area were investigated on the basis of major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry. Coaly metapelites of the Deokpyeong area are subdivided into grey phyllite, dark grey phyllite, coaly slate and black slate, which are interbedded along the Ogcheon Supergroup. The coaly slate had been mined for coal, but mining is closed. The coaly and black slates are lower contents of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$, and higher contents of LOI, CaO, $Na_2O$ and BaO as compared with the phyllitic rocks. Rare earth elements are highly enriched in the coaly and black slate. Average compositions (ppm) of minor and/or environmental toxic elements in the coaly and black slate are revealed as As=127, Ba=30,163, Cd=18, Cr=740, Cu=84, Mo=378, Pb=43, Sb=12, Se=44, U=144, V=8,147 and Zn=292, which are extremely high concentrations than those in the NASC compositions. Major elements (average enrichment index; 5.34) in the coaly metapelites are mostly depleted, excepting $P_2O_5$ and BaO, normalized by NASC. Rare earth elements (average enrichment index; 1.48) are enriched in the coaly slate. On the basis of NASC, minor and/or environmental toxic elements in the coaly metapelites were strongly enriched of all the elements with the exception of Co, Cs, Ni and Sr. Average enrichment index of trace elements in coaly metapelite is 31.51 (coaly slate; 51.94 and black slate; 15.46). Especially, enrichment index of potentially toxic elements (As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, U, V and Zn) of the rock is 46.10 (grey phyllite; 7.15, dark grey phyllite; 4.77, coaly slate; 88.96 and black slate; 22.11). These coal formations were deposited in basin of boundary between terrestrial and marine environments deduced to carbon, sulfur (C/S=2.2 to 275.7), trace and rare earth elements characteristics. Irregular behavior and dispersion between major, minor and rare earth elements of those metapelites indicates a variable source materials, incomplete mixing of differential source and/or reequilibrium of diagenesis and metamorphism.