• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.558-566
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• 2012

This study was conducted to offer preliminary data for a natural restoration by the actual condition survey of quarries after extracting rock materials. The mountain restoration area according to a farming and fishing village organize project was restored by green landscape after quarry. However, planting tree species were died due to poor maintenance and administration after restoration works and surface soil loss and erosion occurred during a summer rainfall season because of poor slope greening. It will be needed to review restoration constructions to establish a natural friendly and flawless construction through the selection of optimum restoration works and the examination of soil and geological characteristics. In addition, it is necessary to apply cost-reducing program of restoration constructions. Quarry areas could be restored by the selection of simple and optimum construction works because the most areas were dominant in earth-sand rocks, soft-rocks, and weather-rocks. In addition, the restoration construction project should be examined thoroughly by restoration specialists during green restoration planning and review processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 1998

In recent Japan, the demand for woodland creation on revegetation sites is increasing. In the forests and woodlands, we can find many functions of environmental conservation, in addition of biomaterial production, and all of these existences with such functions are defined as environmental woodlands. Many woodlands has been created from old times for the purpose of forest conservation and flood control, and most of these technology are handed down to present time. After Edo era (from the beginning of Meiji era, 1867), some valuable examples of woodlands were created, like Meiji shrine woodland in Tokyo. After the World War II, a lot of technology for woodland revegetation, such as ecological tree planting, have been developed. At present, many revegetation sites are aiming at woodland creation, like on man-made slope, etc.. In the great change of social structure, revegetation technology is also required to keep in close relationships to the restoration of devastated existing forests and woodlands, and to provide many technology for the restoration of secondary woodland, preservation of soil, mitigation, reclamation, etc.. Now in Japan, the improvement of environment including all the member of biosphere is demanded on a large scale. Therefore, revegetation technology should also try to make an activity taking a broad view of the restoration of natural vegetation in addition to the traditional and new woodland creation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2021

This study was conducted to classify quality attributes for quality elements of public service targeting Gochang Jayeonmadang and analyze their impact on resident satisfaction and dissatisfaction by each service quality element by using the Kano model and the customer satisfaction coefficient and dissatisfaction coefficient of Timko(1993). As a result of the study, all 20 quality elements of public service were classified as one-dimensional attributes. Since the Jayeonmadang project restores the damaged natural environment and restores the ecosystem, it is judged that satisfaction is proportionately satisfied as the natural environment has been restored and the ecosystem has been restored. According to Timko (1993)'s analysis of customer satisfaction coefficient, it is believed that the most effective way to improve residents' satisfaction is to carefully establish and implement maintenance plans and to create a good environment to ensure that plants have settled.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

In the recent years, the incidence of abandoned concrete roads have been increasing rapidly due to road improvements and facilities route construction, these abandoned expressway and unused roads are scattered throughout the country but the management system is not clear, they does not be an effectively managed because there is no maintenance cost. In response to these social concern and expectation, the Korea Expressway Corporation that is management authority of the expressway is developing policy initiatives and various projects to restore the closed road to ecological for eco-friendly projects of the existing expressway. And as part of these projects, Hwanggan IC unmanaged abandoned concrete roads restoration project was done and it was conducting monitoring for ecological restoration that is not one-off but sustainable. After test construction over seven years at the time, test construction of four ways enforced but the boundaries have become blurred over time. And Pinus koraiensis, Callicarpa dichotoma and Sorbaria stellipilla var. typica planted in the site are dominating, else Amorpha fruticosa and Indigofera pseudotinctoria sowed are dominating. Invasive species is that Robinia pseudoacacia was growing in the colony. Over monitoring result time, the vegetation was taking root and the ecosystem was being restore. But the disturbance of vegetation happens due to planting of tree species that doesn't fit in the restoration area and advent of ecosystem Disturbing Species. The study will be providing a basic data that identify change of plant environment by monitoring of the site and soil environment during June to November 2016 and secure an objective evaluation data by analyzing the effects of ecological restoration for revegetation test bed evaluation for ecological restoration of expressway in ecological restoration construction in later.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

This study reviews the current conditions of the completed 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Project' sites to suggest management methods for their conservation and sustainability. For the scope of the study, five microsites of completed return projects in Seoul were selected and their project planning documents were reviewed to help with site surveying and analysis. To increase the accuracy of the site surveying and analysis, and to evaluate the management problems from different perspectives, the site managers were interviewed in-depth. The experts were surveyed as well to develop a realistic and practical improvement method. The survey results helped to categorize the post-management problems, and separate improvement methods were suggested for each category. First, the post-management guidelines are proposed for the ecosystem-based environment/ecosystem environment, user management, and monitoring. These guidelines will increase the expertise and practicality of the management principles. Second, the regulations for the participation of expert management enterprises and the development of separate monitoring or maintenance management team are suggested. These regulations will improve the participation of experts and consistency of management systems. Third, the post monitoring or maintenance management during the year after the project completion should be set as a separate project to secure budget. Furthermore, policies and/or institutions should be established to set a portion of ecosystem conservation return fund or a grant for post monitoring and maintenance management. Forth, as a way of adaptive management, at least more than three years of post-management should be evaluated under detailed categories and vigorous standard to improve the institutional operation for 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Projects'.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2006

This article is concerned with cost analysis model in periodic maintenance policy. The repair policy is differently applied according as unit importance during an item being used and unit restoration during an item being failed. So in this paper the repair policy with minimal repair is considered as follow : as the occurrence of failure between minimal repair and periodic interval time, unit is replaced by a spare unit until the periodic maintenance time arrived. Then total expected cost per unit time is calculated according to scale parameter of failure distribution in a view of customer's. The total expected costs are included repair and usage cost : operating, fixed, minimal repair, periodic maintenance and spare unit cost. Numerical example is shown in which failure time of item has Erlang distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.124-137
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• 2010

This study was started with the objective of restoring abandoned embanked farms, which are recently increasing, to mud flat by putting in least amount of energy in the aspect of environmental restoration. For the direction and establishment of the proposal for the restoration of mud flat using embanked farms, a case of Maipo Wetland in Hongkong was analyzed, and a proposal was prepared considering the condition of mud flat in Gochang. The restoration of mud flat in Gochang is intended to create various wetland ecological spaces as well as to provide opportunities for experience, education, recreation, and tourism. Effort was made to development an environment closest to the local ecological environment considering the shape and topographical condition of existing abandoned farms. For construction of the habitat, a target species was chosen and the plan for selection, planting, and management of species of trees suitable for the target species was established. In addition, the water level will be controlled by water gates to conform to the resting, spawning, breeding, and migration period considering the behavioral pattern of waders, the target species. The research on the restoration of mud flat in Korea is in incipient stage and this study provided an opportunity to review the possibility of restoration of abandoned embanked farms to mud flat. For the success of mud flat restoration from a long-term perspective, development of acclimating design infrastructure, technology improvement for mud flat restoration, and basis of partnership for the maintenance should be prepared in a systematical way.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2000

This is a study to generate a theoretical base for the development of wildlife corridor as a solution to the problems of wildlife population size reduction and declining bio-diversity resulting from the fragmented habitats caused by road constructions. This study seeks to examine and define techniques in very aspect of wildlife corridor including planning, site selection, design and development, and maintenance through an actual application. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The wildlife corridor should be developed in an approach supplementing a landscape ecological approach and a restoration ecological approach bilaterally. To this end, systematic methodology and process are required. 2) It was restored an ecosystem as close as possible go to the forest ecosystem before road development. In addition, in order to allow it to function as an ecological corridor, topography restoration, stream development, and ecological plantation were implemented. 3) The result of monitoring activities that continued for one year since the development confirmed the migration and inhabitation of a number of animals including small mammals. It is judged that it functions as a corridor in fragmented habitats as initially expected. 4) Through continuous monitoring in the future, the effects of corridor development on ecological restoration need to be reviewed in a long-term perspective. There is also a need to develop and refine a comprehensive maintenance plan for wildlife corridors and their surroundings. Based on such study results, actual data on the development of wildlife corridor should be accumulated. In follow-up studies, after continuous monitoring for a long period of time, the effects of wildlife corridor development should be evaluated comprehensively and wildlife corridor applicable to Korea should be standardized by correcting disclosed problems.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.657-670
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• 2014

We researched the vegetation restoration of 5 urban streams Mugeo-choen, Yaksa-choen, Yeocheon-choen, Myeongjeong-choen and Cheokgwa-choen in Ulsan established as nature-friendly streams by improving water quality and river environment. Ecological restoration effects have resulted from the establishment of streams, which involved supplying sufficient maintenance water for each streams, eliminating the covered sections, preventing the inflow of wastewater, doing vegetation composition, since 5 to 10 years ago. The vegetation inhabitations were compared according to the conditions of physical characteristics and water quality, inland and foreland. In the Cheokgwa-cheon, which is almost a natural river, the ecological integrity of the vegetation population has been maintained quite well. The Mugeo-cheon and the Meongjeong-cheon have cleanly shown the vegetation restoration effects resulting from supplying sustainable maintenance water and wastewater treatments. In the Yaksa-cheon and the Yeocheon-cheon, on the other hand, the vegetation restoration effects and inhabitations were low due to the inflow of wastewater and sledges in some part of stream though the improvement of water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2006

Research was initiated to investigate vegetation coverage and growth of main herbaceous flowers under low maintenance condition like a wild state. Eleven entries were comprised of 1 annual, 2 biennials and 8 perennials from widely used herbaceous flowers in Korea. Vegetation coverage and germination rate were high on annual and biennials when compared to perennials. Callistephus chinensis showed high vegetation coverage but lasted only for a year in 2001 and disappeared in 2002 as an annual. Oenothera odorata and Oenothera lamarckiana were also high vegetation coverage species with persistent only for two years as biennials. Therefore, these species should not be used in a large amount for ecological restoration when mixed with perennials because of affecting the vegetation coverage of perennials. There were considerable variations in vegetation coverage with perennial herbaceous flowers : Lotus corniculatus and Taraxacum platycarpum-high vegetation coverage species, Platycodon grandiflorum, Aster tataricus and Aster koraiensis-medium vegetation coverage species, and Aster yomena, Patrinia scabiosaefolia and Chrysanthemum indicum-low vegetation coverage species. Growth types of herbaceous flowers tested in this research were divided into 4 types : Callistephus chinensis, Oenothera lamarckiana and Aster koraiensis-wide leaf and tall type, Aster tataricus, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Oenothera odorata, Taraxacum platycarpum, and Aster yomena-medium leaf and medium tall type, Platycodon grandiflorum-fine leaf and dwarf type, and Lotus corniculatus-fine leaf and tall type.