• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2015

최근 국내에서 발생하고 있는 수련원 체험활동이나 수학여행시 심각하게 문제가 되는 요소로 안전 지목되고 있다. 세월호 경주마우나리조트 등 아주 오래전부터 이러한 실상으로부터의 문제점이 커져 가고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내외 학교 안전사고에 대한 실태를 분석하고 국 내외 비교 분석을 통하여 효과적인 안전교육 대책방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 국내외 실태를 알아보기 위해 신문, 인터넷 검색자료, 관련 법률 등을 참고하는 문헌고찰을 주로 활용하였고 또한 관계 부처와 협조하여 자료를 수집하고 안전관리의 방안을 모색하였다. 국내외 실태를 분석한 결과 해외에서는 주로 안전에 대해 저학년부터 직접체험을 할 수 있고 교육과정에 안전이 중요시 되어 체계적인 교육을 받고 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 국내에서도 지속적으로 가르쳐 습관화 되어야 하며 체험형, 참여형 안전 프로그램을 마련할 수 있어야 한다. 또한 학교안전교육에 시설 및 이동차량을 활용한 체험교육과 역할극, SNS 게임프로그램 등 흥미와 관심을 유발할 수 있는 콘텐츠를 마련하여 학생들이 흥미를 느끼고 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 해야 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.4322-4327
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• 2015

하수관거 시설은 현장 시공시 다짐 불량 및 뒤채움재의 품질관리 미흡으로 인해 하수관거의 이격 및 부등침하가 발생되고, 이음부나 관의 손상이 심화되는 경우 누수가 발생된다. 노후화로 인해 유지 및 보수, 신설 비용은 매년 증가하고, 누수로 인한 인접 매립시설물 및 지하수로의 유입으로 인해 오염사례가 보고된 바 있으며, 최근에는 싱크홀의 문제를 야기하여 사회적 관심이 증대되었다. 따라서 많은 연구자들에 의해 하수관거의 기초에 대한 채움재관련 연구가 오랫동안 연구되어 왔으며, 신재생재료에 대한 관심 수요가 증가하여 재생재료를 활용한 연구들도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하수관거를 지지하는 기초의 안전성과 경제성을 동시에 지닌 재활용재료를 활용한 조립식 하수관거 기초에 대해 연구를 진행하였으며, 사후처방방식이 아닌, 시공단계에서 사전예방하기 위해 관경 600mm, 700mm, 800mm의 대형 하수관거를 선정하여 적절한 설계 하중을 산출하고 매립 심도별 안전성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구결과는 신형식 하수관거 기초의 유사연구에 널리 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2012

When companies or institutes manage data, in order to utilize it as useful resources for decision-making, it is essential to offer precise and reliable data. While most small and medium-sized enterprises and public institutes have been investing a great amount of money in management and maintenance of their data systems, the investment in data management has been inadequate. When public institutions establish their data systems, inspection has been constantly carried out on the data systems in order to improve safety and effectiveness. However, their capabilities in improving the quality of data have been insufficient. This study develops an automatic tool to diagnose the quality of data in a way to diagnose the data quality condition of the inspected institute quantitatively at the stage of design and closure by inspecting the data system and proves its practicality by applying the automatic tool to inspection. As a means to diagnose the quality, this study categorizes, in the aspect of quality characteristics, the items that may be improved through diagnosis at the stage of design, the early stage of establishing the data system and the measurement items by the quality index regarding measurable data values at the stage of establishment and operation. The study presents a way of quantitative measurement regarding the data structures and data values by concretizing the measurement items by quality index in a function of the automatic tool program. Also, the practicality of the tool is proved by applying the tool in the inspection field. As a result, the areas which the institute should improve are reported objectively through a complete enumeration survey on the diagnosed items and the indicators for quality improvement are presented quantitatively by presenting the quality condition quantitatively.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

In 1967, the problem of occupational lead exposure came to public attention in Korea. Since then, regular progress has been made in lowering workplace lead exposures, instituting new workplace controls, and implementing health examinations of exposed workers. Past serious lead poisoning episodes made it possible to introduce biological monitoring programs on a voluntary basis in high-lead-exposure facilities in Korea. Industry-specific occupational health services for lead workers in Korea during the last 22 years can be categorized into three phases. During the first phase (1988-1993), efforts were directed at increasing awareness among workers about the hazards of lead exposure, biological monitoring of blood zinc protoporphyrin began, and a respiratory protection program was introduced. During the second phase (1994-1997), a computerized health management system for lead workers was developed, blood-lead measurement was added to biologic monitoring, and engineering controls were introduced in the workplace to lower air-lead levels to comply with air-lead regulations. Finally, during the third phase (1998-present), a new biomarker, bone-lead measurement by X-ray fluorescence, was introduced. Bone-lead measurement proved to be useful for assessing body burden and to demonstrate past lead exposure in retired workers. Occupational health service practice for lead workers, including the industry-specific group occupational health system, has brought considerable success in the prevention of lead poisoning and in reducing the lead burden in Korean lead workers during the last several decades. The successful achievement of prevention of lead poisoning in Korea was a result of the combined efforts of lead workers, employers, relevant government agencies, and academic institutes.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2004

지하철은 다른 구조물과 비교하여 화재발생 시 화재진압 및 인명구조에 본질적으로 취약한 구조적 특성을 내포하고 있다. 국내의 경우, 지하철 승강장 제연설비는 전용설비로 구축되어 있지 않고 화재발생 시 승강장환기설비 및 본선터널부의 환기설비를 제연모드로 절환하여 운영되고 있다. 제연효과는 이러한 까닭으로 환기설비의 위치, 용량 및 급배기방식에 종속된다. 본 연구에서는 지하철 승강장에서 열차 화재 발생 시, 승객의 안전한 대피로 확보가 가능한 선로부 환기기의 제연운전 효과의 실효성에 대한 검증을 목표로 한다. 따라서 지하승강장을 대상으로 승강장 내 기류해석 및 3차원 화재시뮬레이션을 수행하여 열차화재에 따른 승강장내 열 및 물질이동특성해석으로부터 선로부 배연운전모드에 따른 특성을 규명함으로서 승객안전성 확보에 목표를 둔다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

교량은 지속적인 규모의 증가와 노후화의 확대로 인해 전산화된 관리 체계가 요구되었다. 국내외 교량관리시스템(Bridge Management System; BMS) 개발 동향 및 기능의 비교, 고찰을 통해 생애주기 관리가 가능한 ICT (Information and Communication Technology) 기반 교량 관리 체계를 제안하였다. BMS는 인터넷과 모바일이 결합된 운영 체계에 GIS 기능과 객체 기반 정보 관리 체계를 바탕으로 개발되었다. BMS는 교량의 생애주기 동안 발생되는 모든 정보의 객체 기반 정보화를 수행하여, 생애주기 성능 변화와 소요 예산의 추정을 바탕으로 중장기 관리 전략과 단기 관리 계획의 수립을 지원한다. 실제 공용중인 교량 약 6천 개소에 대한 생애주기 관리 전략 수립을 통해 의사 결정 지원을 위한 유용한 지식 정보를 도출하였다. 전국의 모든 도로교량에 적용 가능하도록 개발된 BMS는 정확한 이력 관리를 통한 성능 유지, 합리적인 예산 관리를 통한 비용 절감, 현장 정보 수집의 편의성 및 신뢰성 증진을 위해 실제적, 실용적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2011

The status of fishway installed in domestic dikes showed a cascade types and sluice gate types 36% (four sites) and 64% (seven sites), respectively. Fishway of cascade type was constructed four sites (Iweon, Busa, Geum river, Haenam) and only Geum river was one of them has operated much more effectively since remodeling in a fishway and fishways of the others was not operated because of several problems like a desalination, a shortage of inflow water and variation of management elevation. Fishway of sluice gate type was installed seven sites and three sites (Yeongsan, Yeongam, Geumho) one of them were continuously operated until now. This results has a interesting interpretations. Prolonged discharge of inductive water from fishway can positively affect not only ascending of fishes but also fish fauna of around of the sea. The others of a sluice gate fishway were not operated because of seawater circulation through sluice gate until now. The closed reasons of fishway in domestic dikes may be summarized as follows: impassibility of sluice gate open by shortage of inflow water, problem of proper operating by long distance of between fishway and management office, absence of operating manual, seawater circulation, lack of fishway operating awareness. It was takes a long time for solution of hardware part but software part can be to find the answer through making a fishway operation manual and development of education program for manager. In this paper we deal with fishway in domestic dikes. Proper fishway control by manager was essential for ascending of migration fishes especially at fishway installed in dikes. Thus it was necessary to make manual for fishway operation and effort of continuously maintenance.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.915-934
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• 2020

Software refactoring is a process to restructure an existing software code while keeping its external behavior the same. Currently, various refactoring techniques are being used to develop more readable and less complex codes by improving the non-functional attributes of software. Refactoring can further improve code maintainability by applying various techniques to the source code, which in turn preserves the behavior of code. Refactoring facilitates bug removal and extends the capabilities of the program. In this paper, an exhaustive review is conducted regarding bad smells present in source code, applications of specific refactoring methods to remove that bad smell and its effect on software quality. A total of 68 studies belonging to 32 journals, 31 conferences, and 5 other sources that were published between the years 2001 and 2019 were shortlisted. The studies were analyzed based on of bad smells identified, refactoring techniques used, and their effects on software metrics. We found that "long method", "feature envy", and "data class" bad smells were identified or corrected in the majority of studies. "Feature envy" smell was detected in 36.66% of the total shortlisted studies. Extract class refactoring approach was used in 38.77% of the total studies, followed by the move method and extract method techniques that were used in 34.69% and 30.61% of the total studies, respectively. The effects of refactoring on complexity and coupling metrics of software were also analyzed in the majority of studies, i.e., 29 studies each. Interestingly, the majority of selected studies (41%) used large open source datasets written in Java language instead of proprietary software. At the end, this study provides future guidelines for conducting research in the field of code refactoring.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2018

Corrugated bulkhead has been adopted for cargo tank bulkheads of commercial vessels such as bulk carriers, product oil carriers and chemical tankers. It is considered that corrugated bulkhead is a preferred structural solution, compared to the flat stiffened bulkhead, due to several advantages such as lower mass, easier maintenance and smaller corrosion problems. Many researches to find the optimum shape of corrugated bulkhead have been mostly carried out for bulk carriers. Compared to corrugated bulkheads of bulk carriers, ones of chemical tankers are more complicated since they are composed of transverse and longitudinal bulkheads, and they are made of higher priced materials. The purpose of this study is the development of minimum weight design method for corrugated bulkhead of chemical tankers. Evolution strategy is applied as an optimization technique. It has been verified from many researches that evolution strategy searches global optimum point prominently by using multi-individual searching technique. Multi-individual searching methods need excessive time if they connect to 3-D finite element model for repetitive structural analyses. In order to resolve this issue, 2-D beam element connected to deck and lower stool is substituted for a corrugated structure in this study. To verify the reliability of the structural responses by idealized 2-D beam model, they have been compared with ones by 3-D finite element model. In this study, optimum design for corrugated bulkhead of 30 K chemical tanker has been carried out, and the results by developed optimum design program have been compared with design data of existing ship. It is found out that optimum design is about 9% lighter than one of existing ship.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use an ICF tool in an intervention for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients to examine and evaluate the patients' functional problems, measure the results of the intervention, and present the process of preparing proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) intervention strategies, thereby contributing to changes in and development of relevant future clinical practices. Methods: A PNF rehabilitation exercise program using an ICF tool was applied to ACLR patients five times per week for four weeks. To measure the resulting changes, the ICF evaluation display, the visual analog scale (VAS), the manual muscle test (MMT), the range of motion (ROM) test, the Lysholm knee score (LKS), and the muscle endurance test (MET) were used. Results: After the intervention was applied to the ACLR patients, improvements were achieved in all the tests: ICF evaluation display, VAS, MMT, ROM, LKS, and MET. Conclusion: Utilizing the ICF tool, this study identified functional problems of ACLR patients. When the intervention was applied, physical functions improved, and structural damage was reduced, leading to enhanced levels of functional activities such as postural changes, posture maintenance, gait, movements, and movements between different places. The patients were able to complete the teacher training, which was their goal.